Ernest William Hawkes (July 19, 1883 – March 13, 1957)''California, Death Index, 1940-1997'' was an American anthropologist best known for his work studying the indigenous peoples of Alaska and northern Canada. A native of Ashfield, Massachusetts, Hawkes was the brother of the well-known "blind naturist"

Clarence Hawkes Clarence Hawkes (December 16, 1869 – January 19, 1954) was an American author and lecturer, known for his nature stories and poetry. Biography Born in Goshen, Massachusetts, Hawkes was physically disabled at a young age; part of one leg was ...

. E. W. Hawkes studied at

Dakota Wesleyan University Dakota Wesleyan University (DWU) is a private Methodist university in Mitchell, South Dakota. It was founded in 1885 and is affiliated with the United Methodist Church. The student body averages slightly fewer than 800 students. The campus of the ...

(1909) and University of Pennsylvania (1913, 1915). Over the course of multiple trips to Alaska and northern Canada, Hawkes gathered data for his books. His 1914 publication ''Dance Festivals of the Alaskan Eskimo'' was based on the three years Hawkes spent in the Bering Strait District, including on the Diomede Islands and at

St. Michael Michael (; he, מִיכָאֵל, lit=Who is like El od, translit=Mīḵāʾēl; el, Μιχαήλ, translit=Mikhaḗl; la, Michahel; ar, ميخائيل ، مِيكَالَ ، ميكائيل, translit=Mīkāʾīl, Mīkāl, Mīkhāʾīl), also ...

. It was while stationed at St. Michael as a government teacher over the winter of 1911-1912 that Hawkes observed the traditional Inuit " Messenger Feast", which he recounted in his 1913 ''Inviting In''. His 1916 ''The Labrador Eskimo'' was based on his experiences in summer 1914 with the Geological Survey of Canada in the

Hudson Bay Hudson Bay ( crj, text=ᐐᓂᐯᒄ, translit=Wînipekw; crl, text=ᐐᓂᐹᒄ, translit=Wînipâkw; iu, text=ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᒃ ᐃᓗᐊ, translit=Kangiqsualuk ilua or iu, text=ᑕᓯᐅᔭᕐᔪᐊᖅ, translit=Tasiujarjuaq; french: b ...

area. Hawkes held a variety of university fellowships in Anthropology, including

Columbia University Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhatt ...

(1913–1914), Harrison College (1914–1916), and later Glendale Community College in

Glendale, California Glendale is a city in the San Fernando Valley and Verdugo Mountains regions of Los Angeles County, California, Los Angeles County, California, United States. At the 2020 United States Census, 2020 U.S. Census the population was 196,543, up from ...

. He died in Los Angeles in 1957.

Selected works

*''Transforming the Eskimo Into a Herder: An Account of the Reindeer Industry in Alaska'' (1913) *''The dance festivals of the Alaskan Eskimo'' (1914) *''A pre-Lenape site in New Jersey'' (1916) *''The Labrador Eskimo'' (1916) *''Skeletal Measurements and Observations on the Point Barrow Eskimo with Comparisons with Other Eskimo Groups'' (1916)

References

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Hawkes, Ernest William Inuit history People from Ashfield, Massachusetts 1883 births 1957 deaths Dakota Wesleyan University alumni Columbia University staff 20th-century American anthropologists University of Pennsylvania alumni