''Eristavi'' (; literally, "head of the nation") was a
Georgian
Georgian may refer to:
Common meanings
* Anything related to, or originating from Georgia (country)
** Georgians, an indigenous Caucasian ethnic group
** Georgian language, a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians
**Georgian scripts, three scrip ...
feudal
Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was the combination of the legal, economic, military, cultural and political customs that flourished in Middle Ages, medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a wa ...
office, roughly equivalent to the
Byzantine
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
''
strategos
''Strategos'', plural ''strategoi'', Linguistic Latinisation, Latinized ''strategus'', ( el, στρατηγός, pl. στρατηγοί; Doric Greek: στραταγός, ''stratagos''; meaning "army leader") is used in Greek language, Greek to ...
'' and normally translated into
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ide ...
as "
prince
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. Th ...
" or less commonly as "
duke
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ran ...
". In the Georgian aristocratic hierarchy, it was the title of the third rank of prince and governor of a large province. Holders of the title were
ex-officio commanders of a military '
banner
A banner can be a flag or another piece of cloth bearing a symbol, logo, slogan or another message. A flag whose design is the same as the shield in a coat of arms (but usually in a square or rectangular shape) is called a banner of arms. Also, ...
', wore a distinctive dress, ring, belt and spear and rode a particular breed of horse.
Some high-ranking eristavis were also titled as eristavt-eristavi (), i.e. "duke of dukes" or archduke but it is improbable that the holder of the title had any subordinate eristavis. Erismtavari (; literally, "chief of the people" or grand duke) was a similar title chiefly endowed upon the pre-
Bagratid rulers of
Iberia
The Iberian Peninsula (),
**
* Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica''
**
**
* french: Péninsule Ibérique
* mwl, Península Eibérica
* eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, defi ...
(Eastern Georgia) and later used interchangeably with the ''eristavi''.
The title gave origin to the surname of four Georgian noble houses—
Eristavi of Aragvi
The House of Sidamoni ( ka, სიდამონი) was a noble family (tavadi) in Georgia, their principal line known as Aragvis Eristavi (არაგვის ერისთავი) by virtue of being eristavi (“dukes”) of Aragvi from 1 ...
,
Eristavi of Ksani,
Eristavi of Racha Chkhetidze ( ka, ჩხეტიძე) was a Georgian noble family known in west Georgia from the tenth century. The oldest known representative is Germain Chkhetidze, Archbishop-Metropolitan of Bedia in 999.
It formed the following lines:
*The P ...
, and
Eristavi of Guria—confirmed in their princely ranks under the
Russian rule in the 19th century. These families were often known simply as Princes Eristov in Russia but they did not have the same origin.
See also
*
List of Georgian dukes (eristavs)
Royal Duchies
Dukes of Klarjeti
The Klarjeti (Georgian: კლარჯეთი ʼlard͡ʒɛtʰi Armenian: Կղարջք, Kharjk) was a province of ancient and medieval Georgia, which is now part of Turkey's Artvin Province. Klarjeti, the ne ...
*
Eristoff, Vodka
*
House of Sidamoni
*
Eristavi Family Winery, Wine
*
Eristavi Wines and Spirits
References
* Djavakhishvili, I. (1928) History of Georian law. Book 2. volume 1. Tbilisi.
*
GSE, (1979) volume 4, page 192, Tbilisi.
Noble titles of Georgia (country)
Georgian-language surnames
{{Georgia-noble-stub
Georgian words and phrases
Military history of the Kingdom of Georgia