The ''Episodios Nacionales'' (''National Episodes'') are a collection of forty-six historical novels written by
Benito Pérez Galdós
Benito Pérez Galdós (May 10, 1843 – January 4, 1920) was a Spanish Spanish Realist literature, realist novelist. He was the leading literary figure in 19th-century Spain, and some scholars consider him second only to Miguel de Cervantes ...
between 1872 and 1912. They are divided into five series and they deal with Spanish history from roughly 1805 to 1880. They are fictional accounts which add characters invented by the author within historical events.
First series
With the exception of ''Gerona'', all the episodes follow the adventures of the boy Gabriel de Araceli, beginning in French-dominated Spain through the war of Independence, from the battle of Trafalgar to the defeat of the French armies (1805–1814). There are ten books in this series:
*''
Trafalgar Trafalgar most often refers to:
* Battle of Trafalgar (1805), fought near Cape Trafalgar, Spain
* Trafalgar Square, a public space and tourist attraction in London, England
It may also refer to:
Music
* ''Trafalgar'' (album), by the Bee Gees
Pl ...
''
*''La Corte de Carlos IV''
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Charles_IV.html"_;"title="Charles_IV_of_Spain.html"_;"title="he_Court_of_Charles_IV_of_Spain">Charles_IV">Charles_IV_of_Spain.html"_;"title="he_Court_of_Charles_IV_of_Spain">Charles_IV*''El_19_de_marzo_y_el_2_de_mayo''_[The_Tumult_of_Aranjuez">19th_of_March_and_the_Dos_de_Mayo_Uprising.html" ;"title="he_Tumult_of_Aranjuez.html" ;"title="Charles_IV_of_Spain">Charles_IV.html" ;"title="Charles_IV_of_Spain.html" ;"title="he Court of Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV">Charles_IV_of_Spain.html" ;"title="he Court of Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV*''El 19 de marzo y el 2 de mayo'' [The Tumult of Aranjuez">19th of March and the Dos de Mayo Uprising">2nd of May]
*''Battle of Bailén, Bailén''
*''Napoleón en Chamartín'' [Napoleon at Chamartín (Madrid), Chamartin]
*''First Siege of Zaragoza, Zaragoza''
*''Third Siege of Girona, Gerona''
*''Cortes of Cádiz, Cádiz''
*''
Juan Martín el Empecinado''
*''La Batalla de los Arapiles''
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_Second_series
Written_between_1875_and_1879,_it_is_a_series_of_ten_books._Its_main_character,_who_is_not_always_the_protagonist,_is_the_liberal_crusader_Salvador_Monsalud._At_first_a_guard_of_King_
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_Second_series
Written_between_1875_and_1879,_it_is_a_series_of_ten_books._Its_main_character,_who_is_not_always_the_protagonist,_is_the_liberal_crusader_Salvador_Monsalud._At_first_a_guard_of_King_Joseph_Bonaparte">José_I
_
Dom_Joseph_I_(_pt,_José_Francisco_António_Inácio_Norberto_Agostinho,_;_6_June_1714_–_24_February_1777),_known_as_the_Reformer_(Portuguese:_''o_Reformador''),_was_King_of_Portugal_from_31_July_1750_until_his_death_in_1777._Among_other_activ_...
,_he_helps_the_king_escape_Spain_with_the_crown_jewels,_which_Jose_would_sell_to_pay_for_his_new_life_in_America._Remaining_in_Spain,_Salvador_is_estranged_from_power_during_the_six_years_of_absolutist_monarchy_of_
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_Second_series
Written_between_1875_and_1879,_it_is_a_series_of_ten_books._Its_main_character,_who_is_not_always_the_protagonist,_is_the_liberal_crusader_Salvador_Monsalud._At_first_a_guard_of_King_Joseph_Bonaparte">José_I
_
Dom_Joseph_I_(_pt,_José_Francisco_António_Inácio_Norberto_Agostinho,_;_6_June_1714_–_24_February_1777),_known_as_the_Reformer_(Portuguese:_''o_Reformador''),_was_King_of_Portugal_from_31_July_1750_until_his_death_in_1777._Among_other_activ_...
,_he_helps_the_king_escape_Spain_with_the_crown_jewels,_which_Jose_would_sell_to_pay_for_his_new_life_in_America._Remaining_in_Spain,_Salvador_is_estranged_from_power_during_the_six_years_of_absolutist_monarchy_of_Ferdinand_VII">Fernando_VII
_
,__house________=__Bourbon-Anjou
,__father_______=_Charles_IV_of_Spain
,__mother_______=__Maria_Luisa_of_Parma
,__birth_date___=_14_October_1784
,__birth_place__=_El_Escorial,_Spain
,__death_date___=_
,__death_place__=_Madrid,_Spain
,__burial_pla_...
_(1814–1820),_lauded_during_the_Liberal_Triennium_(1820–1823)_and_persecuted_during_the_Mid-nineteenth_century_Spain#The_Ominous_Decade_(1823–1833).html" "title="Ferdinand_VII.html" "title="Joseph_Bonaparte.html" "title="Battle of Salamanca">he Battle of Salamanca">Battle_of_Salamanca.html" ;"title="he Battle of Salamanca">he Battle of Salamancaref>In Spanish: '':Wikisource:es:La batalla de los Arapiles">La batalla de los Arapiles''
Second series
Written between 1875 and 1879, it is a series of ten books. Its main character, who is not always the protagonist, is the liberal crusader Salvador Monsalud. At first a guard of King Joseph Bonaparte">José I
Dom Joseph I ( pt, José Francisco António Inácio Norberto Agostinho, ; 6 June 1714 – 24 February 1777), known as the Reformer (Portuguese: ''o Reformador''), was King of Portugal from 31 July 1750 until his death in 1777. Among other activ ...
, he helps the king escape Spain with the crown jewels, which Jose would sell to pay for his new life in America. Remaining in Spain, Salvador is estranged from power during the six years of absolutist monarchy of Ferdinand VII">Fernando VII