''Episcia'' is a genus of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the African violet family,

Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), with ...

. The ten species it contains are native to the tropical regions of

Central Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...

and

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

. The species are perennial

herbaceous plants Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of t ...

characterized by a

stolon In biology, stolons (from Latin '' stolō'', genitive ''stolōnis'' – "branch"), also known as runners, are horizontal connections between organisms. They may be part of the organism, or of its skeleton; typically, animal stolons are external s ...

iferous habit, red (rarely orange, pink, blue or yellow) flowers, and frequently have marked or patterned leaves. Episcias are sometimes called flame violets.

Taxonomy

The genus name is derived from the Greek επισκισς (''episkios''), meaning "shaded". This refers to the understory habitat of these plants. For much of the twentieth century ''Episcia'' had a broad circumscription but since 1978 has been restricted to a much narrower one, with the genera ''

Paradrymonia ''Paradrymonia'' is a genus of plant in family Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost al ...

'', ''

Chrysothemis In Greek mythology, Chrysothemis or Khrysothemis (; grc, Χρυσόθεμις, "golden law") is a name ascribed to several characters. ''Female:'' * Chrysothemis, may refer to known as the attributes of the golden harvest as an agricultural demi ...

'', ''

Nautilocalyx ''Nautilocalyx'' is a genus of plants in the family Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almos ...

'', and '' Alsobia'' separated from it. The segregation of these genera from ''Episcia'' has been supported in recent

molecular phylogenies Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

Species

Section ''Episcia'' * ''

Episcia andina ''Episcia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family, Gesneriaceae. The ten species it contains are native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. The species are perennial herbaceous plants characterized by a sto ...

'' Wiehler * ''

Episcia cupreata ''Episcia cupreata'' is a species of perennial plant in the family Gesneriaceae that is found in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. Its common name is flame violet, although this name may also refer to other species of the genus ''Episcia''. A numbe ...

'' (Hook.) Hanst. * ''

Episcia duidae ''Episcia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family, Gesneriaceae. The ten species it contains are native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. The species are perennial herbaceous plants characterized by a sto ...

'' Feuillet * ''

Episcia lilacina ''Episcia lilacina'' is a plant species in the family Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almo ...

'' Hanst. * ''

Episcia prancei ''Episcia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family, Gesneriaceae. The ten species it contains are native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. The species are perennial herbaceous plants characterized by a sto ...

'' Wiehler * ''

Episcia reptans ''Episcia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family, Gesneriaceae. The ten species it contains are native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. The species are perennial herbaceous plants characterized by a s ...

'' Mart. * ''

Episcia xantha ''Episcia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family, Gesneriaceae. The ten species it contains are native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. The species are perennial herbaceous plants characterized by a sto ...

'' Leeuwenb. Section ''Trematanthera'' (Leeuwenb.) Feuillet * ''

Episcia fimbriata ''Episcia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family, Gesneriaceae. The ten species it contains are native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. The species are perennial herbaceous plants characterized by a s ...

'' Fritsch * ''

Episcia sphalera ''Episcia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family, Gesneriaceae. The ten species it contains are native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. The species are perennial herbaceous plants characterized by a s ...

'' Leeuwenb. * ''

Episcia rubra ''Episcia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family, Gesneriaceae. The ten species it contains are native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. The species are perennial herbaceous plants characterized by a s ...

'' Feuillet

Cultivation

They are frequently cultivated elsewhere and sometimes naturalize in tropical regions. They are grown in the tropics, and in temperate regions as houseplants, primarily for their attractive foliage. Numerous

cultivar A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture, ...

s have been produced, primarily by selection and

hybridization Hybridization (or hybridisation) may refer to: *Hybridization (biology), the process of combining different varieties of organisms to create a hybrid *Orbital hybridization, in chemistry, the mixing of atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals *Nu ...

of the species '' E. cupreata'' and '' E. reptans''.

References

* Feuillet, C. 2008. Folia taxonomica 7. Two new species and a new section in ''Episcia'' (Gesneriaceae) from the Venezuelan Guayana. ''J. Bot. Res. Int. Texas'' 2(1): 275-280. * Wiehler, H. 1978. The genera ''Episcia'', ''Alsobia'', ''Nautilocalyx'', and ''Paradrymonia'' (Gesneriaceae). ''Selbyana'' 5: 11-60.

External links

''Episcia''
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The Genera of Gesneriaceae (Follow links)

from th
Gesneriad Reference Web
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2573318 Gesneriaceae genera