''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade.

Description

Their creeping, fleshy

rhizomes In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (; , ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow hori ...

grow offshoots, from which then emerge the 20–70 cm long stems during the next spring. There are four to eight alternate, lanceolate

leaves A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...

, that grow progressively shorter near the top. The margins are entire, the top is acute. Species with less

chlorophyll Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words , ("pale green") and , ("leaf"). Chlorophyll allow plants to a ...

have blue-purple leaves. Their bilaterally symmetrical colorful

flower A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechani ...

s grow from a terminal raceme. The three

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...

s and the two lateral

petal Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...

s are ovate and acuminate. Their color can vary from greenish-white to violet and purple. The lip is divided in a bowl-shaped hypochile, with the outer surface greenish-white and threaded with dark veins. The wavy, snow-white epichile is fan-shaped. The

ovary The ovary is an organ in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum. When released, this travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it may become fertilized by a sperm. There is an ovary () found on each side of the body. ...

is inferior. It produces a dry capsule with countless minute

seed A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering, along with a food reserve. The formation of the seed is a part of the process of reproduction in seed plants, the spermatophytes, including the gymnosperm and angiospe ...

Chemistry

As is characteristic of all orchids, ''Epipactis'' spp. are dependent on a

mycorrhiza A mycorrhiza (from Greek μύκης ', "fungus", and ῥίζα ', "root"; pl. mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant ...

symbiosis Symbiosis (from Greek , , "living together", from , , "together", and , bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasit ...

(see also Orchid mycorrhiza). This allows some species to have reduced leaves and need little chlorophyll. Violet helleborine (''Epipactis viridiflora'') can even do without chlorophyll. These forms can be recognized by their purple instead of violet flowers.

Habitat

The species occur in temperate and subtropical climates of

America The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

, and

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

. These orchids grow in open spaces in forests, in undergrowth, on calcareous soils and are often found in wet dune-slacks near the sea. The only original American species is the giant helleborine (''

Epipactis gigantea ''Epipactis gigantea'' is a species of orchid known as the stream orchid, giant helleborine, and chatterbox. This wildflower is native to western North America from British Columbia to central Mexico. This is one of the most abundant orchids of ...

''). One species from Europe, broad-leaved helleborine (''

Epipactis helleborine ''Epipactis helleborine'', the broad-leaved helleborine, is a terrestrial species of orchid with a broad distribution. It is a long lived herb which varies morphologically with ability to self-pollinate. Description ''Epipactis helleborine'' can ...

''), is invasive in

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

. Most species are protected. Most of these hardy orchids grow in a wet environment, but there are exceptions. The marsh helleborine (''

Epipactis palustris ''Epipactis palustris'', the marsh helleborine, is a species of orchid native to Europe and Asia. Description ''Epipactis palustris'' is a perennial herbaceous plant. This species has a stem growing to 60 cm high with as many as ten ere ...

'') is the only European orchid able to survive in a flooded habitat. ''

'' is a species found in the American west, and into southern

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

, in wet areas and even streams. It can grow to a height of 1 m. However, ''

'' grows in more diverse habitats, from sheltered sandy beaches to open spaces in deciduous or coniferous forests, on roadsides, in meadows, and on moist soils. It is sometimes called the weed orchid.

Species

*''

Epipactis africana ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then em ...

'' (Ethiopia to Malawi) *''

Epipactis albensis ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then em ...

'' (C. Europe) **''Epipactis albensis'' var. ''albensis'' (EC. Europe). Rhizome geophyte **''Epipactis albensis'' var. ''fibri'' (France). Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte *''Epipactis aspromontana'' (Italy) - now synonym of ''Epipactis leptochila'' subsp. ''aspromontana'' (Bartolo, Pulv. & Robatsch) Kreutz *''

Epipactis atromarginata ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then em ...

'' (Vietnam) *'' Epipactis atrorubens'' (Hoffm.) Besser : dark red helleborine, royal helleborine (Europe to Caucasus) **''Epipactis atrorubens'' var. ''atrorubens'' **''Epipactis atrorubens'' var. ''atrata'' A.Waldner & Webernd (Austria) **''Epipactis atrorubens'' subsp. ''danubialis'' (Robatsch & Rydlo) Ciocârlan & R.Rösler **''Epipactis atrorubens'' subsp. ''spiridonovii'' (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz **''Epipactis atrorubens'' subsp. ''subclausa'' (Robatsch) Kreutz **''Epipactis atrorubens'' var. ''triploidea'' (Gelbr. & G.Hamel) Kreutz *''

Epipactis autumnalis ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then eme ...

'' D.Doro (Italy) *'' Epipactis baumanniorum'' Ströhle *''Epipactis bithynica'' (Turkey) - now synonym of ''Epipactis helleborine'' subsp. ''bithynica'' (Robatsch) Kreutz *''

Epipactis bugacensis ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then em ...

'' (Hungary, near

Bugacpusztaháza Bugacpusztaháza is a village and municipality in Bács-Kiskun county, in the Southern Great Plain region of southern Hungary. Geography It covers an area of and has a population Population typically refers to the number of people in a ...

) *'' Epipactis campeadorii'' (Spain) *''

Epipactis cardina ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then eme ...

'' (Spain) *'' Epipactis condensata'' (Turkey to Lebanon, Cyprus, W. Transcaucasus) *'' Epipactis cretica'' (Crete) *''Epipactis danubialis'' (Romania) - now synonym of ''Epipactis atrorubens'' subsp. ''danubialis'' (Robatsch & Rydlo) Ciocârlan & R.Rösler *''Epipactis degenii'' (Greece) - now synonym of ''Epipactis halacsyi'' subsp. ''degenii'' (Szentp. & Mónus) Kreutz *''

Epipactis distans ''Epipactis distans'' is a species of orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they ...

'' Arvet-Touvet (Central Europe) *''

Epipactis dunensis ''Epipactis dunensis'', commonly known as dune helleborine, is a species of plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Great Britain and Ireland. It typically grows to a height of and the upper half of the flowering stalk is hairy ...

'' (Great Britain: N. England to N. Wales) *''Epipactis duriensis'' Bernardos, et al. (Portugal) - now synonym of ''Epipactis tremolsii'' var. ''duriensis'' (Bernardos, D.Tyteca, Revuelta & Amich) P.Delforge *''Epipactis exilis'' P.Delforge - now a synonym of ''Epipactis persica'' subsp. ''exilis'' (P.Delforge) Kreutz *''Epipactis flaminia'' (EC. Europe) - now synonym of ''Epipactis greuteri'' var. ''flaminia'' (P.R.Savelli & Aless.) Kreutz *'' Epipactis flava'' (Laos, Thailand). *''Epipactis futakii'' (EC. Europe) - now synonym of ''Epipactis leptochila'' var. ''futakii'' (Mered'a & Potek) P.Delforge *''

'' : stream orchid, chatterbox, giant helleborine (W. Canada to N. Mexico). *''

Epipactis greuteri ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then eme ...

'' H.Baumann & Künkele (Greece). **''Epipactis greuteri'' var. ''flaminia'' (P.R.Savelli & Aless.) Kreutz **''Epipactis greuteri'' var. ''preinensis'' (Seiser) P.Delforge **''Epipactis greuteri'' subsp. ''preinensis'' (Austria) *'' Epipactis guegelii'' (Romania) *''Epipactis halacsyi'' Robatsch (Greece) - now basionym of ''Epipactis viridiflora'' subsp. ''halacsyi'' **''Epipactis halacsyi'' subsp. ''degenii'' (Szentp. & Mónus) Kreutz *''

'' (L.) Crantz : broad-leaved helleborine (N. Africa, Europe to C. China, Type species). **''Epipactis helleborine'' subsp. ''bithynica'' (Robatsch) Kreutz **''Epipactis helleborine'' subsp. ''helleborine'' (N. Africa, Europe to C. China). **''Epipactis helleborine'' subsp. ''latina'' (Italy to NW. Balkan Pen). **''Epipactis helleborine'' subsp. ''leutei'' (Robatsch) Kreutz **''Epipactis helleborine'' var. ''minor'' R.Engel (France) **''Epipactis helleborine'' subsp. ''molochina'' (P.Delforge) Kreutz **''Epipactis helleborine'' subsp. ''neerlandica'' (W. Europe). **''Epipactis helleborine'' subsp. ''orbicularis'' (C. Europe) synonym of ''Epipactis distans'' Arvet-Touvet **''Epipactis helleborine'' subsp. ''schubertiorum'' (Bartolo, Pulv. & Robatsch) Kreutz **''Epipactis helleborine'' subsp. ''transcaucasica'' (Caucasus). Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte **''Epipactis helleborine'' subsp. ''tremolsii'' (W. Medit.) Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte **''Epipactis helleborine'' var. ''youngiana'' (A.J.Richards & A.F.Porter) Kreutz *''Epipactis ioessa'' Bongiorni, De Vivo, Fori & Romolini (Italy) *''

Epipactis kleinii ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then eme ...

'' (S. France to E. Spain) *''Epipactis komoricensis'' (EC. Europe) - now synonym of ''Epipactis leptochila'' subsp. ''komoricensis'' (Mered'a) Kreutz *'' Epipactis lapidocampi'' E.Klein & Laminger (Austria) *''Epipactis latifolia'' All., nom. illeg. (synonym of ''Epipactis helleborine'') **''Epipactis latifolia'' lus. rosea Erdner - now synonym of ''Epipactis viridiflora'' var. ''rosea'' (Erdner) Kreutz *''

Epipactis leptochila ''Epipactis leptochila'', the narrow-lipped helleborine, is a species of orchid in the genus ''Epipactis''. Found in chalk or limestone-based beech and hornbeam woodland in southern England, the orchids are also found with birch and alder trees ...

'' (Godfery) Godfery : narrow-lipped helleborine (Europe). **''Epipactis leptochila'' subsp. ''aspromontana'' (Bartolo, Pulv. & Robatsch) Kreutz **''Epipactis leptochila'' var. ''cleistogama'' (C.Thomas) Kreutz **''Epipactis leptochila'' var. ''dinarica'' (S.Hertel & Riech.) P.Delforge **''Epipactis leptochila'' var. ''futakii'' (Mered'a & Potek) P.Delforge **''Epipactis leptochila'' subsp. ''komoricensis'' (Mered'a) Kreutz **''Epipactis leptochila'' subsp. ''leptochila'' (Europe) **''Epipactis leptochila'' subsp. ''maestrazgona'' (P.Delforge & Gévaudan) Kreutz **''Epipactis leptochila'' subsp. ''naousaensis'' (Robatsch) Kreutz **''Epipactis leptochila'' subsp. ''neglecta'' (WC. Europe). Hemicryptophyte or rhizome geophyte **''Epipactis leptochila'' var. ''peitzii'' (H.Neumann & Wucherpf.) P.Delforge **''Epipactis leptochila'' subsp. ''sancta'' (P.Delforge) Kreutz *''Epipactis leutei'' (Austria) - now synonym of ''Epipactis helleborine'' subsp. ''leutei'' (Robatsch) Kreutz *'' Epipactis liestalensis'' (C. Europe). *''Epipactis lusitanica'' (S. and N. Portugal)- now synonym of ''Epipactis tremolsii'' subsp. ''lusitanica'' (D.Tyteca) Kreutz *'' Epipactis maestrazgona'' P.Delforge & Gévaudan (Spain) *''

Epipactis magnibracteata ''Epipactis helleborine'', the broad-leaved helleborine, is a terrestrial species of orchid with a broad distribution. It is a long lived herb which varies morphologically with ability to self-pollinate. Description ''Epipactis helleborine'' can ...

'' (NC. China) *''

Epipactis mairei ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then eme ...

'' (Nepal to C. China) *'' Epipactis maricae'' (Campania, Italy *''Epipactis mecsekensis'' (Hungary) - now a synonym of ''Epipactis nordeniorum'' subsp. ''mecsekensis'' (A.Molnár & Robatsch) Kreutz *'' Epipactis meridionalis'' H.Baumann & R.Lorenz (Sicilia to S. Italy) *''

Epipactis microphylla ''Epipactis microphylla'', the small-leaved helleborine, is a species of orchid. It is native to much of Europe and to Southwest Asia as far east as Iran though noticeably absent from the British Isles and from Scandinavia. It has also been found ...

'' (Europe to Iran) *'' Epipactis molochina'' P.Delforge (Spain) *''Epipactis moravica'' Batousek (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary) - now a synonym of ''Epipactis nordeniorum'' subsp. ''moravica'' (Batousek) Kreutz *''

Epipactis muelleri ''Epipactis muelleri'' is a species of orchid. This species is native to many countries in Europe. The species is threatened by destruction of forests with its population on decline, although the overall risk of its extinction Extinction is ...

'' (W. & C. Europe). **''Epipactis muelleri'' subsp. ''cerritae'' (Sicilia). Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte **''Epipactis muelleri'' subsp. ''muelleri'' (W. & C. Europe) Rhizome geophyte *''Epipactis nauosaensis'' (Greece) - now a synonym of ''Epipactis leptochila'' subsp. ''naousaensis'' (Robatsch) Kreutz *'' Epipactis nordeniorum'' Robatsch (Austria) **''Epipactis nordeniorum'' subsp. ''mecsekensis'' (A.Molnár & Robatsch) Kreutz **''Epipactis nordeniorum'' subsp. ''moravica'' (Batousek) Kreutz *''

Epipactis ohwii ''Epipactis helleborine'', the broad-leaved helleborine, is a terrestrial species of orchid with a broad distribution. It is a long lived herb which varies morphologically with ability to self-pollinate. Description ''Epipactis helleborine'' can ...

'' (C. Taiwan) *''

Epipactis olympica ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then eme ...

'' (Greece) *''

'' : marsh helleborine, marsh orchid (Europe to Caucasus and Mongolia) *''

Epipactis papillosa ''Epipactis papillosa'' is an orchid from the genus ''Epipactis''. ''Epipactis papillosa'' is found from the Russia Far East ( Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Primorye, Kuril Islands, Khabarovsk), northeastern China (Liaoning), Korea and Japan J ...

'' (Russian Far East to Korea,

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

) *'' Epipactis persica'' (Soó) Nannf. (SE. Europe to W. Pakistan) **''Epipactis persica'' subsp. ''exilis'' (P.Delforge) Kreutz *'' Epipactis phyllanthes'' G.E.Sm. : green-flowered helleborine (W. & NW. Europe). **''Epipactis phyllanthes'' subsp. ''fageticola'' (C.E.Hermos.) Kreutz **''Epipactis phyllanthes'' var. ''olarionensis'' (France). Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte **''Epipactis phyllanthes'' var. ''phyllanthes'' (W. & NW. Europe) *''

Epipactis placentina ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then eme ...

'' (Switzerland to Italy). *''Epipactis pollinensis'' (Italy) - now synonym of ''Epipactis viridiflora'' var. ''pollinensis'' (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) Kreutz *''

Epipactis pontica ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then eme ...

'' (EC. Europe to N. Turkey) *'' Epipactis provincialis'' (France) *''

Epipactis pseudopurpurata ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then eme ...

'' (Slovakia) - ''Epipactis viridiflora'' subsp. ''pseudopurpurata'' (Mered'a) Kreutz *''

Epipactis purpurata ''Epipactis purpurata'', the violet helleborine, is an orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the ...

'' *'' Epipactis rechingeri'' (N. Iran) *''

Epipactis rhodanensis ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then eme ...

'' (France to Austria) *''

Epipactis robatschiana ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then em ...

'' Bartolo, D'Emerico, Pulv., Terrasi & Stuto (Italy) *'' Epipactis royleana'' (E. Afghanistan to Himalaya) *'' Epipactis sancta'':

Lindisfarne Lindisfarne, also called Holy Island, is a tidal island off the northeast coast of England, which constitutes the civil parish of Holy Island in Northumberland. Holy Island has a recorded history from the 6th century AD; it was an important ...

helleborine *''Epipactis schubertiorum'' (Italy) - now synonym of ''Epipactis helleborine'' subsp. ''schubertiorum'' (Bartolo, Pulv. & Robatsch) Kreutz *''Epipactis spiridonovii'' (Bulgaria) - now synonym of ''Epipactis atrorubens'' subsp. ''spiridonovii'' (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Kreutz *''

Epipactis stellifera ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then eme ...

'' (Switzerland) *''Epipactis subclausa'' (Greece) - now synonym of ''Epipactis atrorubens'' subsp. ''subclausa'' (Robatsch) Kreutz *'' Epipactis tallosii'' (Slovakia, Hungary) *'' Epipactis tenii'' (China) *'' Epipactis thessala'' (N. & C. Greece) *''

Epipactis thunbergii ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then em ...

'' (S. Russian Far East to Korea, Japan to Nansei-shoto) *''

Epipactis tremolsii ''Epipactis tremolsii'' is a species of terrestrial orchid in the genus ''Epipactis''. It is confined to the western Mediterranean region where it grows in open mixed oak, cork oak and pine woodland. In Portugal in the Algarve region, it flower ...

'' Pau **''Epipactis tremolsii'' subsp. ''densifolia'' (W.Hahn, Passin & R.Wegener) Kreutz **''Epipactis tremolsii'' var. ''duriensis'' (Bernardos, D.Tyteca, Revuelta & Amich) P.Delforge **''Epipactis tremolsii'' subsp. ''heraclea'' (P.Delforge & Kreutz) Kreutz **''Epipactis tremolsii'' subsp. ''lusitanica'' (D.Tyteca) Kreutz **''Epipactis tremolsii'' subsp. ''turcica'' (Kreutz) Kreutz *'' Epipactis troodi'' (Cyprus, Turkey ) *''Epipactis turcica'' (E. Aegean Is. to Turkey) - now synonym of ''Epipactis tremolsii'' subsp. ''turcica'' (Kreutz) Kreutz *'' Epipactis turcomanica'' (C. Asia) *'' Epipactis ulugurica'' (Tanzania) *''

Epipactis veratrifolia ''Epipactis'', or helleborine, is a genus of terrestrial orchids consisting of approximately 70 species. This genus is abbreviated as Epcts in horticultural trade. Description Their creeping, fleshy rhizomes grow offshoots, from which then eme ...

'' : scarce marsh helleborine (Caucasus to Somalia and SC. China) *'' Epipactis viridiflora'' (Hoffm.) Krock: clustered helleborine, violet helleborine (Europe) **''Epipactis viridiflora'' subsp. ''halacsyi'' (Robatsch) B.Baumann & H.Baumann (Greece) **''Epipactis viridiflora'' subsp. ''pollinensis'' (B.Baumann & H.Baumann) B.Baumann & H.Baumann (Italy) **''Epipactis viridiflora'' subsp. ''pseudopurpurata'' (Mered'a) Kreutz **''Epipactis viridiflora'' var. ''rosea'' (Erdner) Kreutz *'' Epipactis xanthophaea'' (China) *''Epipactis youngiana'' : Young's helleborine (Great Britain) - now synonym of ''Epipactis helleborine'' var. ''youngiana'' (A.J.Richards & A.F.Porter) Kreutz

Hybrids

*''Epipactis × amigoi'' (''E. helleborine'' × ''E. kleinii'') (Europe). *''Epipactis × barlae'' (''E. helleborine'' × ''E. microphylla'') (C. Europe). *''Epipactis × barreana'' (''E. latina'' × ''E. muelleri'') (Italy). *''Epipactis × breinerorum'' (''E. helleborine'' subsp. ''helleborine'' × ''E. greuteri'') (EC. Europe). *''Epipactis × bruxellensis'' (''E. helleborine'' × ''E. phyllanthes'') (W. Europe). *''Epipactis × capellonensis'' (''E. atrorubens'' × ''E. latina'') (Italy). *''Epipactis × cardonneae'' (''E. atrorubens'' × ''E. kleinii'') (W. Europe). *''Epipactis × conquensis'' (''E. cardina'' × ''E. kleinii'') (Spain). *''Epipactis × gerbaudiorum'' (''E. provincialis'' × ''E. tremolsii'') (France) *''Epipactis × gevaudanii'' (''E. helleborine'' × ''E. rhodanensis'') (France). *''Epipactis × graberi'' (''E. atrorubens'' × ''E. microphylla'') (Europe). *''Epipactis × heterogama'' (''E. atrorubens'' × ''E. muelleri'') (Europe). *''Epipactis x nicolosii'' M.P.Grasso & Grillo (. (E. helleborine (L.) Crantz x E. meridionalis H.Baumann & R.Lorenz) (Sicilia) *''Epipactis × populetorum'' ( ''E. helleborine'' × ''E. hispanica'') (Spain). *''Epipactis × pupplingensis'' ( ''E. atrorubens'' × ''E. palustris'') (Europe). *''Epipactis × reinekei'' (''E. helleborine'' × ''E. muelleri'') (Europe). *''Epipactis × robatschii'' Gévaudan & P.Delforge (''E. bugacensis'' Robatsch x ''E. atrorubens'' (Hoffm.) Besser subvar. ''borbasii'' ) *''Epipactis × schmalhausenii'' (''E. atrorubens'' × ''E. helleborine'') (Europe). **''Epipactis × schmalhausenii'' nothosubsp. ''fleischmannii'' (''E. atrorubens'' × ''E. helleborine'' subsp. ''orbicularis'') (Europe). Hemicryptophye or rhizome geophyte **''Epipactis × schmalhausenii'' nothosubsp. ''schmalhausenii'' (Europe). Rhizome geophyte *''Epipactis × schulzei'' (Europe). *''Epipactis × soguksuensis''(''E. helleborine'' × ''E. turcica'') (Turkey). *''Epipactis × stephensonii'' (''E. helleborine'' × ''E. leptochila'') (Europe). *''Epipactis × trikalana'' (''E. helleborine'' × ''E. thessala'') (Greece). *''Epipactis × vermionensis'' (''E. gracilis'' × ''E. helleborine'') (Greece).

External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q161844 Neottieae genera Terrestrial orchids