''Entrée d'Espagne'' or ''L'Entrée d'Espagne'' or ''Entrée en Espagne'' (English: "Entry to Spain" or "Entering Spain") is a 14th-century Geneviève Hasenohr and Michel Zink, eds. ''Dictionnaire des lettres françaises: Le Moyen Age''. Collection: La Pochothèque. Paris: Fayard, 1992. Article: "Entrée d'Espagne", pp. 412-3. (c.1320)Luigi Pulci: ''Morgante: The Epic Adventures of Orlando and His Giant Friend'' a complete English translation by Joseph Tusiani. Introduction and notes by Edoardo Lèbano. (Indiana University Press, 1998) , notes, pp. 890-1.

Franco-Venetian Franco-Italian, also known as Franco-Venetian or Franco-Lombard, was a literary language used in parts of northern Italy, from the mid-13th century to the end of the 14th century. It was employed by writers including Brunetto Latini and Rustichello ...

chanson de geste The ''chanson de geste'' (, from Latin 'deeds, actions accomplished') is a medieval narrative, a type of epic poem that appears at the dawn of French literature. The earliest known poems of this genre date from the late 11th and early 12th cen ...

''. The author is thought to be from Padua. The work has survived in only one manuscript, today in the

Biblioteca Marciana The Marciana Library or Library of Saint Mark ( it, italic=no, Biblioteca Marciana, but in historical documents commonly referred to as ) is a public library in Venice, Italy. It is one of the earliest surviving public libraries and repositori ...

in Venice.Peter Brand and Lino Pertile, eds. ''The Cambridge History of Italian Literature'' Cambridge: 1996; revised edition: 1999, p.168. Based on material from the '' Pseudo-Turpin Chronicle'' (''Historia Caroli Magni'', Book IV of the

Codex Calixtinus The (also ''Compostellus'') is the main witness for the 12th-century , or the Book of Saint James. It is a pseudepigraph attributed to Pope Callixtus II; its principal author or compilator is referred to as "Pseudo-Callixtus", often identified wi ...

, a Latin chronicle concerning the feats of Charlemagne from the middle of the 12th century) and several other sources, the epic poem (around 16,000 verses extant, out of an original 20,000) tells of

Charlemagne Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first Holy ...

's battles in Spain and the adventures of the

paladin The Paladins, also called the Twelve Peers, are twelve legendary knights, the foremost members of Charlemagne's court in the 8th century. They first appear in the medieval (12th century) ''chanson de geste'' cycle of the Matter of France, where ...

Roland Roland (; frk, *Hrōþiland; lat-med, Hruodlandus or ''Rotholandus''; it, Orlando or ''Rolando''; died 15 August 778) was a Frankish military leader under Charlemagne who became one of the principal figures in the literary cycle known as the ...

. The poem is notable for transforming the character of Roland into a

knight errant A knight-errant (or knight errant) is a figure of medieval Chivalric romance, chivalric romance literature. The adjective '':wikt:errant, errant'' (meaning "wandering, roving") indicates how the knight-errant would wander the land in search of adv ...

, similar to heroes from the

Arthurian King Arthur ( cy, Brenin Arthur, kw, Arthur Gernow, br, Roue Arzhur) is a Legend, legendary king of Great Britain, Britain, and a central figure in the medieval literary tradition known as the Matter of Britain. In the earliest tradition ...

romances, and was thus a precursor to the portrayal of

Orlando Orlando () is a city in the U.S. state of Florida and is the county seat of Orange County. In Central Florida, it is the center of the Orlando metropolitan area, which had a population of 2,509,831, according to U.S. Census Bureau figures rele ...

/Roland in the Italian romantic epics, such as ''

Morgante ''Morgante'' (sometimes also called , the name given to the complete 28-canto, 30,080-line edition published in 1483See Lèbano's introduction to the Tusiani translation, p. xxii.) is an Italian romantic epic by Luigi Pulci which appeared in ...

'' (

Luigi Pulci Luigi Pulci (; 15 August 1432 – 11 November 1484) was an Italian diplomat and poet best known for his ''Morgante'', an epic and parodistic poem about a giant who is converted to Christianity by Orlando and follows the knight in many adventure ...

), ''

Orlando innamorato ''Orlando Innamorato'' (; known in English as "''Orlando in Love''"; in Italian titled "''Orlando innamorato''" as the " I" is never capitalized) is an epic poem written by the Italian Renaissance author Matteo Maria Boiardo. The poem is a roman ...

'' (

Matteo Maria Boiardo Matteo Maria Boiardo (, ; 144019/20 December 1494) was an Italian Renaissance poet, best known for his epic poem ''Orlando innamorato''. Early life Boiardo was born in 1440,

) and ''

Orlando furioso ''Orlando furioso'' (; ''The Frenzy of Orlando'', more loosely ''Raging Roland'') is an Italian epic poem by Ludovico Ariosto which has exerted a wide influence on later culture. The earliest version appeared in 1516, although the poem was no ...

'' (

Ludovico Ariosto Ludovico Ariosto (; 8 September 1474 – 6 July 1533) was an Italian poet. He is best known as the author of the romance epic ''Orlando Furioso'' (1516). The poem, a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo's ''Orlando Innamorato'', describes the ...

Plot

Following a misunderstanding with the emperor Charlemagne, Roland decides to leave the imperial army and travels to the

Holy Land The Holy Land; Arabic: or is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine. The term "Holy ...

where he has a series of adventures. On his return to Spain, he meets a

hermit A hermit, also known as an eremite (adjectival form: hermitic or eremitic) or solitary, is a person who lives in seclusion. Eremitism plays a role in a variety of religions. Description In Christianity, the term was originally applied to a Ch ...

who forewarns Roland that he will be killed seven years after the French successfully conquer the city of

Pamplona Pamplona (; eu, Iruña or ), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain. It is also the third-largest city in the greater Basque cultural region. Lying at near above ...

. When he returns to the French camp, the emperor offers Roland the crown of Spain, but Roland refuses it, saying he wishes to spend the remaining years of his life conquering lands for his emperor. Among Roland's various adventures, the poem also relates Roland's three-day-long duel with Feragu, a Saracen giant (son of Falseron), responsible for the defense of the city of Nàjera (verses 1630 to 4213, roughly). ''L'Entrée d'Espagne, chanson de geste franco-italienne'', tome II, publiée d'après le manuscrit unique de Venise par Antoine Thomas, Société des Anciens Textes Français, 1913, p. 324 (index of proper names

/ref>

References

Bibliography

*L’Entrée d’Espagne. Chanson de geste franco-italienne publiée d’après le manuscrit unique de Venise par Antoine Thomas, Paris, Firmin-Didot («Société des anciens textes français»), 1913, 2 vols. *Aebischer, Paul, Ce qui reste d’un manuscrit perdu de l’«Entrée d’Espagne», «Archivum Romanicum», 12 (1928), 233-264. *Constans, Léopold, L’Entrée d’Espagne et les légendes troyennes, «Romania», 43, 1914, 430-432. *Monteverdi, Angelo, Un fragment manuscrit de l’Entrée d’Espagne, Actes du premier Congrès international de la Société Rencesvals (Poitiers, juillet 1959), «Cahiers de civilisation médiévale» 3, 1960, 75. *Specht, René, Cavalleria francese alla corte di Persia: l’episodio dell’«Entrée d’Espagne» ritrovato nel frammento reggiano, «Atti dell’Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti», 135 (1976–77), 489-506. *Specht, René, Il frammento reggiano dell’«Entrée d’Espagne»: raffronto filologico col codice marciano francese XXI (= 257), «Atti dell’Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti», 136 (1977–78), pp. 407–24. *Modena, Serena, Entrée d’Espagne http://www.rialfri.eu/rialfriWP/opere/entree-despagne; RIALFrI (Repertorio Informatizzato dell'Antica Letteratura Franco-Italiana) http://www.rialfri.eu/rialfriWP/

External links

Lemmatized text
RIALFRI U. of Padua
Full text - tome 1
on www.archive.org
Full text - tome 2
on www.archive.org {{DEFAULTSORT:Entree d'Espagne Matter of France Chansons de geste Epic poems in Italian Italian poems Works based on The Song of Roland Cultural depictions of Charlemagne

Plot

See also

References

Bibliography

External links