''Enterosora'' is a genus of ferns in the family

Polypodiaceae Polypodiaceae is a family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family includes around 65 genera and an estimated 1,650 species and is placed in the order Polypodiales, suborder Polypodiineae. A broader ...

, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the

Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relation ...

classification of 2016 (PPG I). PPG I also recognizes the genus ''Zygophlebia'', which more recent sources include in ''Enterosora''. , many do not have formally published names in ''Enterosora'' and are retained here in ''Zygophlebia''.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Enterosora'' was created by John Gilbert Baker in 1886 with the type species '' Enterosora campbellii''. The genus ''Zygophlebia'' was created by

L. Earl Bishop Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

in 1989 with the type species ''

Zygophlebia sectifrons ''Enterosora'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). PPG I also recognizes the genus ''Zygophlebia'', which more rec ...

'', formerly placed in ''

Polypodium ''Polypodium'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Polypodioideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is widely distributed throughout the world, with the highest ...

''.

Molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

studies have shown that ''Enterosora'' is nested within ''Zygophlebia'', which could be resolved by synonymizing ''Zygophlebia'' with ''Enterosora''. In 2016, the authors of the PPG I classification considered merging the genera to be premature. A further study was published in 2019. This showed that ''Enterosora'' s.s. was monophyletic, but embedded within two clades of ''Zyglophlebia'', with ''

Ceradenia ''Ceradenia'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who coll ...

'' the sister of ''Enterosora'' s.l.: The ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' has recognized the merger of ''Zygophlebia'' into ''Enterosora''. However, , many former ''Zygophlebia'' species do not have formally published names in ''Enterosora'', so are retained here ''Zygophlebia''.

Species

, the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' (''CFLW'') accepted the following species. Species placed in ''Zygophlebia'' but accepted in ''Enterosora'' by ''CFLW'' are listed separately. *'' Enterosora asplenioides'' L.E.Bishop *'' Enterosora barbatula'' (Baker) Parris *'' Enterosora bishopii'' A.Rojas *'' Enterosora campbelliii'' Baker *'' Enterosora ecostata'' (Sodiro) L.E.Bishop *'' Enterosora enterosoroides'' (Christ) A.Rojas *'' Enterosora insidiosa'' (Sloss.) L.E.Bishop *''

Enterosora percrassa ''Enterosora'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). PPG I also recognizes the genus ''Zygophlebia'', which more recent ...

'' (Baker) L.E.Bishop *'' Enterosora sinuata'' Rakotondr. & Parris *'' Enterosora trichosora'' (Hook.) L.E.Bishop *'' Enterosora trifurcata'' (L.) L.E.Bishop *'' Enterosora uluguruensis'' (Reimers) Rakotondr. & Parris Many of the species placed in ''Zygophlebia'' in the PPG I system do not yet have published names in ''Enterosora'' and so have "comb. ined." in ''CFLW''. All are retained here in ''Zygophlebia'': *''Enterosora anjanaharibensis'' (Rakotondr.) comb. ined. = '' Zygophlebia anjanaharibensis'' Rakotondr. *''Enterosora cornuta'' (Lellinger) Shalisko & Sundue = '' Zygophlebia cornuta'' (Lellinger) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora devoluta'' (Baker) Shalisko & Sundue = '' Zygophlebia devoluta'' (Baker) Parris *''Enterosora dudleyi'' (L.E.Bishop) comb. ined. = '' Zygophlebia dudleyi'' L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora eminens'' (C.V.Morton) comb. ined. = '' Zygophlebia eminens'' (C.V.Morton) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora forsythiana'' (Baker) Shalisko & Sundue = '' Zygophlebia forsythiana'' (Baker) Parris *''Enterosora goodmanii'' (Rakotondr.) Shalisko & Sundue = ''

Zygophlebia goodmanii ''Enterosora'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). PPG I also recognizes the genus ''Zygophlebia'', which more recent ...

'' Rakotondr. *''Enterosora humbertii'' (C.Chr.) Shalisko & Sundue = ''

Zygophlebia humbertii ''Enterosora'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). PPG I also recognizes the genus ''Zygophlebia'', which more recent ...

'' (C.Chr.) Parris *''Enterosora longipilosa'' (C.Chr.) comb. ined. = '' Zygophlebia longipilosa'' (C.Chr.) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora major'' (Reimers) comb. ined. = ''

Zygophlebia major ''Enterosora'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). PPG I also recognizes the genus ''Zygophlebia'', which more recent ...

'' (Reimers) Parris *''Enterosora mathewsii'' (Kunze ex Mett.) Shalisko & Sundue = '' Zygophlebia matthewsii'' (Kunze ex Mett.) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora rouxii'' (Rakotondr. & Parris) comb. ined. = '' Zygophlebia rouxii'' Rakotondr. & Parris *''Enterosora sectifrons'' (Kunze ex Mett.) Shalisko & Sundue = ''

'' (Kunze ex Mett.) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora subpinnata'' (Baker) Shalisko & Sundue = ''

Zygophlebia subpinnata ''Enterosora'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). PPG I also recognizes the genus ''Zygophlebia'', which more recen ...

'' (Baker) L.E.Bishop ex Parris *''Enterosora torulosa'' (Baker) Shalisko & Sundue = '' Zygophlebia torulosa'' (Baker) Parris *''Enterosora villosissima'' (Hook.) Shalisko & Sundue = ''

Zygophlebia villosissima ''Enterosora'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). PPG I also recognizes the genus ''Zygophlebia'', which more recen ...

'' (Hook.) L.E.Bishop *''Enterosora werffii'' (L.E.Bishop) comb. ined. = ''

Zygophlebia werffii ''Enterosora'' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). PPG I also recognizes the genus ''Zygophlebia'', which more recen ...

'' L.E.Bishop

Distribution

When

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every polyg ...

to include ''Zygophlebia'', the genus ''Enterosora'' is widely distributed in the Neotropics and tropical Africa, including Madagascar and the

Mascarene Islands The Mascarene Islands (, ) or Mascarenes or Mascarenhas Archipelago is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar consisting of the islands belonging to the Republic of Mauritius as well as the French department of Réunion. Thei ...

. The species which Bishop placed in ''Zygophlebia'' were mainly native to the Neotropics, with a few African species.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q8075885 Polypodiaceae Fern genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot