Enlightenment or enlighten may refer to:
Age of Enlightenment
*
Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment or the Enlightenment; german: Aufklärung, "Enlightenment"; it, L'Illuminismo, "Enlightenment"; pl, Oświecenie, "Enlightenment"; pt, Iluminismo, "Enlightenment"; es, La Ilustración, "Enlightenment" was an intel ...
, period in Western intellectual history from the late 17th to late 18th century, centered in France but also encompassing (alphabetically by country or culture):
** England:
Midlands Enlightenment
The Midlands Enlightenment, also known as the West Midlands Enlightenment or the Birmingham Enlightenment, was a scientific, economic, political, cultural and legal manifestation of the Age of Enlightenment that developed in Birmingham and the wide ...
, period in 18th-century England
** Greece:
Modern Greek Enlightenment
The Modern Greek Enlightenment ( el, Διαφωτισμός, ''Diafotismos'', "enlightenment," "illumination"; also known as the Neo-Hellenic Enlightenment) was the Greek expression of the Age of Enlightenment.
Origins
The Greek Enlightenment w ...
, an 18th-century national revival and educational movement in Greece
** Italy:
Italian Enlightenment, period in 18th-century Italy
** Jewish:
Haskalah
The ''Haskalah'', often termed Jewish Enlightenment ( he, השכלה; literally, "wisdom", "erudition" or "education"), was an intellectual movement among the Jews of Central and Eastern Europe, with a certain influence on those in Western Euro ...
, Jewish Enlightenment, movement among European Jews in the late 18th century
** Poland:
Enlightenment in Poland
The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland were developed later than in Western Europe, as the Polish bourgeoisie was weaker, and szlachta (nobility) culture (Sarmatism) together with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth political system (Gol ...
, ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland
** Russia:
Russian Enlightenment
The Russian Age of Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century in which the government began to actively encourage the proliferation of arts and sciences, which had a profound impact on Russian culture. During this time, the first Russian unive ...
, 18th-century period of active government encouragement of proliferation of arts and sciences in Russia
** Scotland:
Scottish Enlightenment
The Scottish Enlightenment ( sco, Scots Enlichtenment, gd, Soillseachadh na h-Alba) was the period in 18th- and early-19th-century Scotland characterised by an outpouring of intellectual and scientific accomplishments. By the eighteenth century ...
, period in 18th-century Scotland
** Spain:
Enlightenment in Spain
The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment ( es, Ilustración) came to Spain in the 18th century with the new Bourbon dynasty, following the death of the last Habsburg monarch, Charles II, in 1700. The period of reform and ' enlightened despotism' u ...
, came to Spain with a new dynasty, the Bourbons, subsequent reform and 'enlightened despotism'
** USA:
American Enlightenment
The American Enlightenment was a period of intellectual ferment in the thirteen American colonies in the 18th to 19th century, which led to the American Revolution, and the creation of the United States of America. The American Enlightenment was ...
, intellectual culture of the British North American colonies and the early United States
Computing
*
Enlightenment (software)
Enlightenment, also known simply as E, is a compositing window manager for the X Window System. Since version 20, Enlightenment is also a Wayland compositor. Enlightenment developers have referred to it as "the original eye-candy window manager ...
, an X Window System window manager
*
Enlighten (radiosity engine), code to do real-time calculation of indirect lighting ("radiosity") in video
*
Enlightenment Foundation Libraries
The Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL) are a set of graphics libraries that grew out of the development of Enlightenment, a window manager and Wayland compositor. The project's focus is to make the EFL a flexible yet powerful and easy to ...
, a set of graphics libraries
Culture
Overview
*
Enlightenment in Buddhism
The English term enlightenment is the Western translation of various Buddhist terms, most notably bodhi and vimutti. The abstract noun ''bodhi'' (; Sanskrit: बोधि; Pali: ''bodhi''), means the knowledge or wisdom, or awakened intellect ...
, translation of the term ''bodhi'' "awakening"
*
Enlightenment (spiritual)
Used in a religious sense, enlightenment translates several Glossary of Buddhism, Buddhist terms and concepts, most notably ''bodhi'', ''kensho,'' and ''satori''. Related terms from Asian religions are ''kaivalya'' and ''moksha'' (liberation) in ...
, insight or awakening to the true nature of reality
*
Ionian Enlightenment
The Ionian school of Pre-Socratic philosophy was centred in Miletus, Ionia in the 6th century BC. Miletus and its environment was a thriving mercantile melting pot of current ideas of the time. The Ionian School included such thinkers as Thales, ...
, the origin of ancient Greek advances in philosophy and science
Events
*
Enlighten Canberra
Enlighten Canberra is an outdoor annual art and cultural festival held in Canberra, Australia featuring illuminating light installations and projections, performances from local and interstate musicians, a short film festival and the Canberr ...
, an annual arts and cultural festival in Canberra, Australia
* "Enlightenment", the main artistic performance in the
2012 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony
The 2012 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony was held on 29 August 2012, starting at 20:30 BST and marking the official opening of the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, England. The show – named ''Enlightenment'' – had Jenny Sealey and Br ...
Film and television
*
''Enlightenment'' (Doctor Who), a 1983 ''Doctor Who'' serial
Music
*
''Enlightenment'' (Van Morrison album), 1990
*
''Enlightenment'' (McCoy Tyner album), 1973
*
"Enlightenment" (Van Morrison song), 1990
*
''Enlightenment'' (soundtrack album), the soundtrack of the 2012 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony
Other uses
*
Enlightenment Intensive
An Enlightenment Intensive is a group retreat designed to enable a spiritual enlightenment experience within a relatively short time. Devised by Americans Charles Berner along with his wife Ava Berner in the 1960s, the format combines the self-en ...
, a group retreat designed to enable a spiritual enlightenment
*
Enlightenment Movement (Afghanistan)
The Enlightenment Movement ( prs, Junbesh-e Roshnayi-e) is a grassroots civil disobedience movement of Hazaras created in 2016 in Afghanistan in response to the Afghan government's change in routing plans for proposed international electricity ...
, a Hazara grassroots civil disobedience group created in Afghanistan in 2016
*
Project Enlightenment Project Enlightenment
is a historical interpretation society affiliated with McLean High School. The project was begun in 1992 by Physics teacher Dean Howarth, who estimated in 2008 that 400-500 members had passed through the group in 16 years, al ...
, an educational program
See also
*
Counter-Enlightenment
The Counter-Enlightenment refers to a loose collection of intellectual stances that arose during the European Enlightenment in opposition to its mainstream attitudes and ideals. The Counter-Enlightenment is generally seen to have continued from t ...
, a term used by some 20th century commentators to describe contemporary reasoned opposition to the Age of Enlightenment
*
Dark Enlightenment
The Dark Enlightenment, also called the neo-reactionary movement (sometimes abbreviated to NRx), is an anti-democratic, anti-egalitarian, reactionary philosophical and political movement. In 2007 and 2008, software engineer Curtis Yarvin, writin ...
, an anti-democratic and reactionary movement that broadly rejects egalitarianism and Whig historiography
*
*
Enlightened (disambiguation)
{{disambiguation