English Phonotypic Alphabet - Additional Symbols for Foreign Sounds - 1845

The English Phonotypic Alphabet is a

phonetic Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies how humans produce and perceive sounds, or in the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign. Linguists who specialize in studying the physical properties of speech are phoneticians. ...

alphabet An alphabet is a standardized set of basic written graphemes (called letters) that represent the phonemes of certain spoken languages. Not all writing systems represent language in this way; in a syllabary, each character represents a syll ...

developed by Sir

Isaac Pitman Sir Isaac Pitman (4 January 1813 – 22 January 1897) was a teacher of the :English language who developed the most widely used system of shorthand, known now as Pitman shorthand. He first proposed this in ''Stenographic Soundhand'' in 183 ...

and Alexander John Ellis originally as an

English language spelling reform For centuries, there have been movements to reform the spelling of the English language. It seeks to change English orthography so that it is more consistent, matches pronunciation better, and follows the alphabetic principle. Common motives for ...

. Although never gaining wide acceptance, elements of it were incorporated into the modern

International Phonetic Alphabet The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic transcription, phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standa ...

. It was originally published in June 1845. Subsequently, adaptations were published which extended the alphabet to the

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, Tuscan, French,

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Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...

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and

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languages.''Extension of the Phonotypic Alphabet'', The Phonotypic Journal, 5 Nelson Place, Bath, Phonographic Institution, vol. 4, no 43, June 1845, p. 121–123

Letters

The letters are as follows (with some approximations to accommodate Unicode)

Late 1843 (English)

At this stage, long vowels had a cross-bar, and short vowels did not ;Long vowels Ɨ /iː/, E /eɪ/, A /ɑː/, Ɵ /ɔː/, Ʉ /oʊ/?, ꭐ-bar /uː/ ;Short vowels I /ɪ/, ⵎ /ɛ/, Ʌ /æ/, O /ɒ/, U /ʌ/, ꭐ /ʊ/ (a proper was taller and without the dot, like but with the middle stem not so tall as the others, and did not have a serif at the bottom right) ;Diphthongs Ɯ /juː/, ⅄ /aɪ/, Ȣ /aʊ/? ;Reduced ('obscure') vowels Ǝ /ə/, ⵎ /ᵊ/ ;Consonants P B, T D, Є J /tʃ dʒ/, K G F V, Θ Δ /θ ð/, S Z, Σ Σ /ʃ ʒ/, L R, M N, И /ŋ/, Y W H. :_a /eɪ/ :(Ā)ᶐ /ɑː/ :Ɵɵ /ɔː/ :_ɷ /oʊ/ :Ɯɯ /uː/ :Ii /ɪ/ :Ee /ɛ/ :Aɑ /æ/ :Oo /ɒ/ :Uu /ʌ/ :_(ꭐ) :_ᶙ /juː/ :Yy /j/ :Ww /w/ :Hh /h/ :Pp /p/ :Bb /b/ :Tt /t/ :Dd /d/ :Єꞔ /tʃ/ :Jj /dʒ/ :Cc /k/ :Gg /ɡ/ :Ff /f/ :Vv /v/ :Ꞁ(ⱦ) /θ/ :Ƌ(đ) /ð/ :Ss /s/ :Zz /z/ :Σʃ /ʃ/ :(Ʒ)ʒ /ʒ/ :Rr /r/ :Ll /l/ :Mm /m/ :Nn /n/ :(Ŋ)ŋ /ŋ/

References

{{reflist

Letters

Late 1843 (English)

References

See also

External links