The Endothyracea is a superfamily in the

foraminifera Foraminifera (; Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class of amoeboid protists characterized by streaming granular Ectoplasm (cell biology), ectoplasm for catching food and ot ...

l order,

Fusulinida The Fusulinida is an extinct order within the Foraminifera in which the tests are traditionally considered to have been composed of microgranular calcite. Like all forams, they were single-celled organisms. In advanced forms the test wall was di ...

(or as often, suborder Fusulinina) known from the upper

Devonian The Devonian ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya. It is named after Devon, England, whe ...

to the Lower

Permian The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleoz ...

. Probably ancestral to the

Fusulinacea The Fusulinacea is a superfamily in the Fusulinida in which the test is spherical, discoida, or fusiform; commonly coiled, less often uncoiling in the late stage, numerous chambers per whorl; test wall of microgranular calcite (as for the order) i ...

. Alfred R. Loeblich Jr and

Helen Tappan Helen may refer to: People * Helen of Troy, in Greek mythology, the most beautiful woman in the world * Helen (actress) (born 1938), Indian actress * Helen (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) Places * Helen, G ...

1988. Foraminiferal Genera and their Classification. VanNostrand Reinhold. New York N.Y. On line at

Diagnosis

Fusulinida with multichambered, septate tests, planispirally to streptospirally coiled at least in the early stage, may uncoil and become straight in the late growth stage.

Taxonomy

Taxonomic relationships

The Endothyracea as presented in the

Treatise A treatise is a formal and systematic written discourse on some subject, generally longer and treating it in greater depth than an essay, and more concerned with investigating or exposing the principles of the subject and its conclusions."Treat ...

was one of only three superfamilies in the Fusulinina, the others being the Parathuramminacea and Fusulinacea. With the discovery of more genera since publication of the Treatise in 1964 and concomitant development of new perspectives, the Endothyracea was split into a number of newly defined superfamilies, included in a revised and smaller Endothyracea based on the family Endothyridae.

Taxonomy

The Endothyracea, as now defined, envelops the Endothyridae and contains the following subfamilies. : Endostaffellinae : Endothyrinae : Endothyranoposinae
: Haplophragmellinae

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5376445 Foraminifera superfamilies Carboniferous life Permian life Late Devonian first appearances Cisuralian extinctions