Biography
Endlicher studied theology and received minor orders. In 1828 he was appointed to the Austrian National Library to reorganize its manuscript collection. Concurrently he studied natural history, in particular botany, and East-Asian languages. In 1836, Endlicher was appointed keeper of the court cabinet of natural history, and in 1840 he became professor at the University of Vienna and director of its Botanical Garden. He wrote a comprehensive description of the plant kingdom according to a natural system, at the time its most comprehensive description. As proposed by Endlicher, it contained images with text. It was published together with the reissue ofWorks
Endlicher made valuable contributions to the science of old German and classic literature, and pointed out new sources of Hungarian history, publishing ''Fragmenta Theotisca Versionis antiquissimae Evangelii Matthaei'' (edited with Hoffmann von Fallersleben, 1834), an edition of two poems of Priscian (1828), and ''Anonymi Belæ Regis Notarii de Gestis Hungarorum Liber'' (1827). His linguistic publications comprise ''Analecta Grammatica'' (with Eichenfeld, 1836), and ''Anfangsgründe der chinesischen Grammatik'' (Foundations of Chinese grammar; 1845). His ''Verzeichniss der japanesischen und chinesischen Münzen des kaiserlichen Münz- und Antikencabinets'' (Catalog of Japanese and Chinese coins in the imperial coin and antique collections; 1837) and ''Atlas von China nach der Aufnahme der Jesuitenmissionäre'' (Atlas of China after the arrival of the Jesuit missionaries; 1843) are finely executed, and deserve mention as specimens of his great liberality. He wrote several works in conjunction with other scholars, and many of his minor writings are scattered among the periodicals of his time, especially in the ''Annalen des Wiener Museums''.Botany
The majority and the most valuable of his works are on botany. Foremost among them are his: ''Genera Plantarum'' (1831–1841), in which he lays down a new system of classification; ''Grundzüge einer neuen Theorie der Pflanzenerzeugung'' (Foundations of a new theory of plant breeding; 1838); and ''Die Medicinalpflanzen der österreichischen Pharmakopöe'' (Medicinal plants in the Austrian pharmacopoeia; 1842). His other principal botanical works are: ''Ceratotheca'' (1822), ''Flora Posoniensis'' (1830), ''Diesingia'' (1832), ''Atacta Botanica'' (1833), ''Iconographia Generum Plantarum'' (1838), ''Enchiridium Botanicum'' (1841) and ''Synopsis Coniferarum'' (1847). Endlicher established the botanical journal ''Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte'' (1835 and on). He began the work '' Flora Brasiliensis'' with Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius. He also published early works on the flora of Australia, including the plants collected byEndlicher System
Endlicher's system for plant classification is laid out as follows in his ''Genera Plantarum'', with a hierarchy of ''Regio'', ''Sectio'', ''Cohors'', ''Classis'', ''Ordo'', with further subdivisions (and finally ''Genus''), using a sequential numbering system, as shown for some taxa; ;Outline * Thallophyta ** Protophyta ** Hysterophyta * Cormophyta ** Acrobrya ** Amphibrya ** Acramphibrya ;Conspectus * Regio I. THALLOPHYTA ** Sectio I. Protophyta *** Classis I. Algae **** Ordo I. Diatomaceae ***** I. Diatomeae ****** a. Frustulieae (Gen. 1–12) ****** b. Hydrolineae (Gen. 13–18) ***** II. Dermidieae ****** a. Micrasterieae (Gen. 19–21) ****** b. Echinelleae (Gen. 22–24) **** Ordo II. Nostochinae **** Ordo III. Confervaceae **** Ordo IV. Characeae **** Ordo V. Ulvaceae **** Ordo VI. Floridae **** Ordo VII. Fucaceae *** Classis II. Lichenes ** Sectio II. Hysterophyta *** Classis III. Fungi * Regio II. CORMOPHYTA ** Sectio III. Acrobrya *** Cohors I. Anophyta **** Classis IV. Hepitacea **** Classis V. Musci *** Cohors II. Protophyta **** Classis VI. Equiseta **** Classis VII. Filices **** Classis VIII. Hydropterides **** Classis IX. Selagines **** Classis X. Zamiae *** Cohors II. Hysterophyta **** Classis XI. Rhizanthaea ** Sectio IV. Amphibrya *** Classis 12. Glumaceae *** Classis 13. Enantioblastae *** Classis 14. Helobiae *** Classis 15. Coronariae **** Ordo 51. Juncaceae **** Ordo 52. Philydreae **** Ordo 53. Melanthaceae **** Ordo 54. Pontederaceae **** Ordo 55. Liliaceae **** Ordo 56. Smilaceae **** Ordo 57. Dioscoreae **** Ordo 58. Taccaceae *** Classis 16. Artorhizae *** Classis 17. Ensatae *** Classis 18. Gynandrae *** Classis 19. Scitamineae *** Classis 20. Fluviales *** Classis 21. Spadiciflorae *** Classis 22. Principes. ** Sectio IV. Acramphibrya *** Cohors I. Gymnosperma **** Classis 23. Coniferae *** Cohors II. Apetalae ****Classis 24. Piperitae ****Aquaticae ****Juliflorae ****Oleraceae ****Thymeleae **** Classis 29. Serpentariae *** Cohors III. Gamopetala ****Plumbagines **** Classis 32. Campanulinae ****Contortae ****Tubiflorae **** Classis 31. Aggregatae ****Caprifolia ****Kuculiferae ****Personatae ****Petalantheae **** Classis 39. Bicornes *** Cohors IV. Dialypetala **** Classis 40. Discanthae **** Classis 41. Corniculatae ****Polycarpicae ****Rhoeades ****Nelumbea ****Parietales ****Peponiferae ****Opuntiae ****Caryophyllinae **** Classis 49. Columniferae ****Guttiferae ****Hesperides ****Acera **** Classis 54. Polygalinae ****Frangulaceae ****Tricoccae ****Terebinthinae ****Gruinales **** Classis 59. Calycifiorae ****Myrtiflorae ****Rosiflorae **** Classis 62. LeguminosaeTaxonomy
Standard author abbreviation
Important works
* ''Flora Brasiliensis'' * ''Genera Plantarum Secundum Ordines Naturales Disposita'' (1836–50) * ''Synopsis Coniferarum'' (1847) * ''Die Medicinal-Pflanzen der österreichischen Pharmakopöe: ein Handbuch für Ärzte und Apotheker''. Gerold, Wien 1842 * '' Enumeratio plantarum quas in Novae Hollandiae ora austro-occidentali ad fluvium Cygnorum et in sinu Regis Georgii collegit Carolus Liber Baro de Hügel'' * ''Prodromus Florae Norfolkicae'' (Flora ofTribute
The African fish '' Polypterus endlicheri'' Heckel, 1847 was named in honor of Endlicher, who apparently discovered the species in the fish collection at the Naturhistorisches Museum (Vienna).See also
* :Taxa named by Stephan EndlicherReferences
External links
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