End-systolic volume (ESV) is the volume of blood in a
ventricle at the end of contraction, or
systole
Systole ( ) is the part of the cardiac cycle during which some chambers of the heart contract after refilling with blood. The term originates, via New Latin, from Ancient Greek (''sustolē''), from (''sustéllein'' 'to contract'; from ''sun ...
, and the beginning of filling, or
diastole
Diastole ( ) is the relaxed phase of the cardiac cycle when the chambers of the heart are re-filling with blood. The contrasting phase is systole when the heart chambers are contracting. Atrial diastole is the relaxing of the atria, and ventric ...
.
ESV is the lowest volume of blood in the ventricle at any point in the
cardiac cycle
The cardiac cycle is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. It consists of two periods: one during which the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole, following ...
.
The main factors that affect the end-systolic volume are
afterload
Afterload is the pressure that the heart must work against to eject blood during systole (ventricular contraction). Afterload is proportional to the average arterial pressure. As aortic and pulmonary pressures increase, the afterload increases on ...
and the contractility of the heart.
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Uses
End systolic volume can be used clinically as a measurement of the adequacy of cardiac emptying, related to systolic function. On an
electrocardiogram, or
ECG
Electrocardiography is the process of producing an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), a recording of the heart's electrical activity. It is an electrogram of the heart which is a graph of voltage versus time of the electrical activity of the hear ...
, the end-systolic volume will be seen at the end of the T wave. Clinically, ESV can be measured using two-dimensional
echocardiography
An echocardiography, echocardiogram, cardiac echo or simply an echo, is an ultrasound of the heart.
It is a type of medical imaging of the heart, using standard ultrasound or Doppler ultrasound.
Echocardiography has become routinely used in t ...
, MRI (
magnetic resonance tomography
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves ...
) or cardiac CT (
computed tomography
A computed tomography scan (CT scan; formerly called computed axial tomography scan or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique used to obtain detailed internal images of the body. The personnel that perform CT scans are called radiographers ...
) or SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography).
Sample values
Along with
end-diastolic volume
In cardiovascular physiology, end-diastolic volume (EDV) is the volume of blood in the right or left ventricle at end of filling in diastole which is ammount of blood present in ventricle at the end of diastole
systole. Because greater EDVs cause g ...
, ESV determines the stroke volume, or output of blood by the heart during a single phase of the cardiac cycle.
The
stroke volume
In cardiovascular physiology, stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat. Stroke volume is calculated using measurements of ventricle volumes from an echocardiogram and subtracting the volume of the blood i ...
is the difference between the
end-diastolic volume
In cardiovascular physiology, end-diastolic volume (EDV) is the volume of blood in the right or left ventricle at end of filling in diastole which is ammount of blood present in ventricle at the end of diastole
systole. Because greater EDVs cause g ...
and the end-systolic volume. The end-systolic values in the table below are for the left ventricle:
The right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV) normally ranges between 50 and 100 mL.
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References
Cardiovascular physiology
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