End-systolic volume (ESV) is the volume of blood in a
ventricle at the end of contraction, or
systole
Systole ( ) is the part of the cardiac cycle during which some chambers of the heart contract after refilling with blood. The term originates, via New Latin, from Ancient Greek (''sustolē''), from (''sustéllein'' 'to contract'; from ' ...
, and the beginning of filling, or
diastole.
ESV is the lowest volume of blood in the ventricle at any point in the
cardiac cycle
The cardiac cycle is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. It consists of two periods: one during which the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole, followin ...
.
The main factors that affect the end-systolic volume are
afterload and the contractility of the heart.
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Uses
End systolic volume can be used clinically as a measurement of the adequacy of cardiac emptying, related to systolic function. On an
electrocardiogram, or
ECG, the end-systolic volume will be seen at the end of the T wave. Clinically, ESV can be measured using two-dimensional
echocardiography
An echocardiography, echocardiogram, cardiac echo or simply an echo, is an ultrasound of the heart.
It is a type of medical imaging of the heart, using standard ultrasound or Doppler ultrasound.
Echocardiography has become routinely used in ...
, MRI (
magnetic resonance tomography) or cardiac CT (
computed tomography
A computed tomography scan (CT scan; formerly called computed axial tomography scan or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique used to obtain detailed internal images of the body. The personnel that perform CT scans are called radiographers ...
) or SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography).
Sample values
Along with
end-diastolic volume, ESV determines the stroke volume, or output of blood by the heart during a single phase of the cardiac cycle.
The
stroke volume is the difference between the
end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume. The end-systolic values in the table below are for the left ventricle:
The right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV) normally ranges between 50 and 100 mL.
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References
Cardiovascular physiology
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