''Emmanuelia'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

lichen A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ...

in the subfamily Lobarioideae of the family Peltigeraceae. It has 12 species. It was

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every polyg ...

in 2020 by Antoine Simon,

Robert Lücking Robert Lücking (born 1964) is a German lichenologist. He is a leading expert on foliicolous lichens–lichens that live on leaves. Life and career Born in Ulm in 1964, Lücking earned both his master's (1990) and PhD degree (1994) at the Univer ...

, and Bernard Goffinet. They assigned '' Emmanuelia ravenelii'' as the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

, reasoning "this is probably the best-documented species of the lineage and its identification is straightforward". The genus name honours Belgian lichenologist

Emmanuël Sérusiaux Emmanuël Sérusiaux (born 3 October 1953) is a Belgian lichenologist. His career, spanning more than four decades, has combined both lichenology research and political aspects of nature conservation. He spent several periods working as a res ...

, "for his extensive contributions to advancing our understanding of the diversification of the Peltigerales".

Molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

analyses show that the genus forms a

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

group that has a

sister taxon In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and t ...

relationship with the

lineage Lineage may refer to: Science * Lineage (anthropology), a group that can demonstrate its common descent from an apical ancestor or a direct line of descent from an ancestor * Lineage (evolution), a temporal sequence of individuals, populati ...

containing the genera ''

Dendriscosticta ''Dendriscosticta'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Peltigeraceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by lichenologists Bibiana Moncada and Robert Lücking with '' Dendriscosticta wrightii'' assigned as the type species. The genus, ...

'', ''

Lobariella ''Lobariella'' is a genus of lichens belonging to the family Peltigeraceae The Peltigeraceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. The Peltigeraceae, which contains 15 genera and about 600 species, has recently (2018) been emended ...

'', and '' Yoshimuriella''. Using time-calibrated

phylogeny A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ...

, ''Emmanuelia'' is estimated to have emerged about 10 million years ago in the late

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...

, and as such, is one of the younger genera in the Lobarioideae.

Species

The following list gives the species of ''Emmanuelia'' followed by their author citation (the original describer of the species is in parentheses), year transferred into ''Emmanuelia'', and country where the

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...

was collected. *'' Emmanuelia americana'' – Brazil *'' Emmanuelia conformis'' – Mexico *'' Emmanuelia cuprea'' – Paraguay *'' Emmanuelia elaeodes'' – Brazil *'' Emmanuelia erosa'' – Brazil *'' Emmanuelia excisa'' – Colombia *'' Emmanuelia lobulifera'' –

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...

, USA *'' Emmanuelia ornata'' – Brazil *'' Emmanuelia patinifera'' – Brazil *'' Emmanuelia pseudolivacea'' – Brazil *'' Emmanuelia ravenelii'' – South Carolina, USA *'' Emmanuelia tenuis'' – Brazil

References

Peltigeraceae Peltigerales genera Lichen genera Taxa described in 2020 Taxa named by Robert Lücking {{Peltigerales-stub