Emma Jane Greenland (after marriage, Hooker; 1760/61 – 9 September 1838) was an English painter, writer and singer. She was awarded a Gold Pallet on 14 November 1786 by the Society at London for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. Greenland may have been a pupil of

Johann Christian Bach Johann Christian Bach (September 5, 1735 – January 1, 1782) was a German composer of the Classical period (music), Classical era, the eighteenth child of Johann Sebastian Bach, and the youngest of his eleven sons. After living in Italy for ...

, and she owned some of his manuscripts after his death. Greenland died in 1838.

Early life and education

Emma Jane Greenland was born in

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

in 1760. Her father is thought to be Augustus Greenland, although other records show she was probably born in 1761 to Augustine Greenland (one of the Deputy Tellers of His Majesty's Exchequer)The London Gazette, 26 August 1820, Issue 17627, Page 1629:’’
/ref> and Sarah (Hooker), being baptised on 6 August 1761 at

St Andrew Holborn (church) The Church of St Andrew, Holborn, is a Church of England church on the northwestern edge of the City of London, on Holborn within the Ward of Farringdon Without. History Roman and medieval Roman pottery was found on the site during 2001/02 exc ...

, London, England. In the decade from 1772 to 1782, she studied painting with

Francesco Bartolozzi __NOTOC__ Francesco Bartolozzi (21 September 1727, in Florence – 7 March 1815, in Lisbon) was an Italian engraver, whose most productive period was spent in London. He is noted for popularizing the "crayon" method of engraving. Early life Ba ...

at the Incorporated Society of Artists in London as well as with

Giovanni Battista Cipriani Giovanni Battista Cipriani (1727 – 14 December 1785) was an Italian painter and engraver, who lived in England from 1755. He is also called Giuseppe Cipriani by some authors. Much of his work consisted of designs for prints, many of whic ...

and Giovan Battista Capezzuoli at the gallery of the

Duke of Richmond Duke of Richmond is a title in the Peerage of England that has been created four times in British history. It has been held by members of the royal Tudor dynasty, Tudor and House of Stuart, Stuart families. The current dukedom of Richmond was ...

. In order to perfect her work, she moved to Italy and in 1783, in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

, began studying

encaustic painting Encaustic painting, also known as hot wax painting, is a form of painting that involves a heated wax medium to which colored pigments have been added. The molten mix is applied to a surface—usually prepared wood, though canvas and other mat ...

with

Joseph Pignatelli Joseph Mary Pignatelli, SJ ( es, José María Pignatelli) (27 December 1737 – 15 November 1811) was a Spanish priest who was the unofficial leader of the Jesuits in exile in Sardinia, after the suppression of the Society. Supervising its resto ...

. In 1785, in

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...

, she practiced encaustic painting at the salon of

Irene Parenti Duclos Irene Parenti Duclos (or Irene Parenti, or her academic nickname Lincasta Ericinia) (1754–1795) was an Italian painter and poet. Her work as an expert copyist of old master paintings was highly valued in her era, and brought her honors from seve ...

and thanks to her, Hooker began to attend the Royal Gallery.

Career

She returned to London in 1786, and in the following year, published ''Curios discovery of the ancient grecian method of painting on wax''. Greenland also exhibited her self-portrait, at the

Royal Academy of Arts The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly in London. Founded in 1768, it has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its purpo ...

in London as an Honorary Exhibitor. Her first communication to the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce of London, with examples of this mode of painting, was made in the year 1786, one example of which was preserved in the Society's rooms at the Adelphi. For her very successful efforts in encaustic painting, Greenland was presented with a gold palette by the Society in 1786. Her account was printed in the 10th volume of the Society's ''Transactions'' for the year 1792. In the year 1807, she made a farther communication to the Society of the result of no less than 50 experiments per day, during more than four months. It was proposed that this methos painting should be called the ''Hookerian'' method. From 1801, with her husband, she directed a school for young aristocracy in

Sussex Sussex (), from the Old English (), is a historic county in South East England that was formerly an independent medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom. It is bounded to the west by Hampshire, north by Surrey, northeast by Kent, south by the English ...

. Greenland's music career gave her great satisfaction as when

dedicated to her six sonatas for piano and violin. Her father was a witness to Bach's will and Emma wrote her name on the title page of each document and at the head of each movement. Emma may have been a pupil of Bach's.

Personal life

On 24 March 1802, Emma Jane gave birth to a son who was baptised George Trigge Hooker on 28 March 1802 in

Rottingdean Rottingdean is a village in the city of Brighton and Hove, on the south coast of England. It borders the villages of Saltdean, Ovingdean and Woodingdean, and has a historic centre, often the subject of picture postcards. Name The name Rottingde ...

, East Sussex, England. A petition to the King in 1820 resulted in George Trigge Hooker becoming known as George Trigge Greenland, in honour of his maternal grandfather, Augustine Greenland. Emma Jane Hooker née Greenland died on 9 September 1838 in Brighton, Sussex and was buried in the Greenland family vault, 15 September 1838 at All Saints Church,

Carshalton Carshalton () is a town, with a historic village centre, in south London, England, within the London Borough of Sutton. It is situated south-southwest of Charing Cross, in the valley of the River Wandle, one of the sources of which is Carshalton ...

, Surrey, England, in accordance with her last will and testament.The National Archives; Kew, England; Prerogative Court of Canterbury and Related Probate Jurisdictions: Will Registers; Class: PROB 11; Piece: 1901’’:’�

��’, in online database Ancestry (subscription required), accessed 24 September 2019

References

Attribution

* *

Bibliography

* Algernon Graves, ''A Dictionary of Artists who have exhibited works in the principal London Exhibitions from 1760 to 1893'', London, 1901 * Fabia Borroni Salvadori, ''Artisti Viaggiatori e il Mito di Raffaello'', in "''Rassegna Storica Toscana''", Firenze, 1984 * ''A Dictionary of British and Irish Travellers in Italy 1701-1800'', Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1997 * E. Bénézit, ''Dictionnaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs'', Libreraire Grunde, Paris 1999 * Alberto Macchi, ''Irene Parenti, atto unico teatrale tra realtà e ipotesi'', Note, AETAS, Roma, 2006

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Greenland, Emma Jane 1760 births 1843 deaths 18th-century English writers 18th-century British women writers 19th-century British women writers 18th-century British women singers Painters from London