Şirvan Emirate (-1840s, ku, Mîrektiya Şêrwanê) was a

Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish languages *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern Kurdistan **Eastern Kurdistan **Northern Kurdistan **Western Kurdistan See also * Kurd (dis ...

beylik centered around Şirvan after the fall of the Ayyubid dynasty. The founder of Şirvan was Emir Hasan who was a relative of Emir Kor of the

Soran Emirate Soran Emirate ( ku, میرنشینی سۆران) was a medieval Kurdish emirate established before the conquest of Kurdistan by Ottoman Empire in 1514 and later revived by Emir Kor centered in Rawandiz from 1816 to 1836. Kor was ousted in an off ...

. The emirate ultimately lost its autonomy due to the Ottoman centralization policies in the mid-1840s and its Kurdish leaders were driven out. At its peak, the emirate included much of the area from

Bitlis Bitlis ( hy, Բաղեշ '; ku, Bidlîs; ota, بتليس) is a city in southeastern Turkey and the capital of Bitlis Province. The city is located at an elevation of 1,545 metres, 15 km from Lake Van, in the steep-sided valley of the Bitlis R ...

to Hakkâri including Kurtalan and its rulers were loyal to Bohtan Emirate to the south and its leader

Bedir Khan Beg Bedir Khan Beg (Kurmanji: ''Bedirxan Beg'', tr, Bedirhan Bey; 1803–1869) was the last Kurdish Mîr and mütesellim of the Emirate of Botan. Hereditary head of the house of Rozhaki whose seat was the ancient Bitlis castle and descended from ...

. Although removed from power, the descendants of the former rulers of Şirvan still commanded respect in the area towards the end of the 19th century.

History

The ancestors of the rulers of Şirvan were

vizier A vizier (; ar, وزير, wazīr; fa, وزیر, vazīr), or wazir, is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the near east. The Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called '' katib'' (secretary), who was ...

s for the Ayyubids and is said to either have originated from nearby Hasankeyf or from kings in Şirvan which they inherited the principality from. Under Emir Hasan, the territory was divided into three feudal domains being Şirvan (center), Kafra and Irvan. Hasan was succeeded by his son Emir Shah Mohammed while his four other sons were sent to different fortresses to govern Kafra and Irvan. After the death of all of Shah Mohammed's brothers and without any male heir to govern the two domains, they were handed over to Emir Shah Mohammed. When

Timur Timur ; chg, ''Aqsaq Temür'', 'Timur the Lame') or as ''Sahib-i-Qiran'' ( 'Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction'), his epithet. ( chg, ''Temür'', 'Iron'; 9 April 133617–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī ( chg, ''Temür Kü ...

swept the region in 1394, he also captured Şirvan which he handed over to

Qara Osman Uthman Beg or Osman Beg ( az, Qara Yuluq Osman Bəy; tr, Kara Yülük Osman Bey; 1356 – 1435) was a late 14th and early 15th-century leader of the Turkoman tribal federation of Aq Qoyunlu in what is now eastern Turkey, Iran, Azerbaijan and Ira ...

of the Aq Qoyunlu in 1402. After shortly being under

Kara Koyunlu The Qara Qoyunlu or Kara Koyunlu ( az, Qaraqoyunlular , fa, قره قویونلو), also known as the Black Sheep Turkomans, were a culturally Persianate, Muslim Turkoman "Kara Koyunlu, also spelled Qara Qoyunlu, Turkish Karakoyunlular, En ...

reign,

Uzun Hasan Uzun Hasan or Uzun Hassan ( اوزون حسن; fa, اوزون حسن; 1423 – January 6, 1478; where ''uzun'' means "tall" in Oghuz Turkic) was a ruler of the Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu state and is generally considered to be its strongest ruler. ...

recaptured the region for the Aq Qoyunlu again in 1468. The region was captured by the Ismail I 1508. After the Ottoman victory in the

Battle of Chaldiran The Battle of Chaldiran ( fa, جنگ چالدران; tr, Çaldıran Savaşı) took place on 23 August 1514 and ended with a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire. As a result, the Ottomans annexed Eastern Anatolia and ...

in 1514, and the supportive stance among the local Kurds,

Selim I Selim I ( ota, سليم الأول; tr, I. Selim; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute ( tr, links=no, Yavuz Sultan Selim), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. Despite las ...

chose to let Idris Bitlisi and Bıyıklı Mehmed Pasha administer the area until Constatinople centralized its power in the mid 1840s.

History

See also

References

Further reading