Emil Hartmann (1 February 1836,

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark ...

– 18 July 1898, Copenhagen, Denmark) was a Danish composer of the romantic period, fourth generation of composers in the Danish Hartmann musical family.

Early life and education

Hartmann was born on 1 February 1836 in

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( or .; da, København ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a proper population of around 815.000 in the last quarter of 2022; and some 1.370,000 in the urban area; and the wider Copenhagen metropolitan ar ...

, the eldest son of composer

Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann (14 May 1805 – 10 March 1900) was, together with his son-in-law Niels W. Gade, the leading Danish composer of the 19th century. According to Alfred Einstein, he was ″the real founder of the Romantic movement in D ...

and of his composer wife

Emma Hartmann Amalia Emma Sophie Hartmann née Zinn (22 August 1807 – 6 March 1851) was a Danish people, Danish composer who composed under the pseudonym Frederik H. Palmer. She was married to the composer Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann (1805–1900). They ...

. He grew up in the

Zinn House The Zinn House ( da, Zinnske Gård), located at Kvæsthusgade 3, is a historic townhouse around the corner from the Nyhavn Canal in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It takes its name after the Johann Ludvig Zinn, Zinn family, a wealthy family of merch ...

in Copenhagen. Emil Hartmann got his first education from his father Johan Peter Emilius and brother-in-law

Niels Gade Niels Wilhelm Gade (22 February 1817 – 21 December 1890) was a Danish composer, conductor, violinist, organist and teacher. Together with Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann, he was the leading Danish musician of his day. Biography Gade was born ...

. His piano teachers were Niels Ravnkilde (1823-1890) and Anton Rée (1820-1886). Letters from

Hans Christian Andersen Hans Christian Andersen ( , ; 2 April 1805 – 4 August 1875) was a Danish author. Although a prolific writer of plays, travelogues, novels, and poems, he is best remembered for his literary fairy tales. Andersen's fairy tales, consisti ...

show that he was composing even before he could talk properly.

Career

Emil Hartmann was a prolific composer who wrote seven symphonies, concertos for respectively violin, cello and piano, several ouvertures, a symphonic poem (''Hakon Jarl''), orchestral suites, serenades, ballets, operas and singspiels, incidental music and cantatas. He was also the author of multiple works of chamber music (nonet, piano quintet, string quartets, clarinet quartets, piano trios, serenade for clarinet, cello and piano, sonatas for violin and piano, etc), songs and piano music. His opera ''Ragnhild'' («''Runenzauber''» in German) was created by

Gustav Mahler Gustav Mahler (; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer he acted as a bridge between the 19th-century Austro-German tradition and the modernism ...

in Hamburg. His music is resolutely Nordic, colourful and melodic and won great popularity in his days when performed. At the time, his arrangements of Scandinavian folk music became famous, in line with Brahms’ ''Hungarian Dances'' or Dvorak's ''Slavonic Dances''. Stylistically, his works form a Scandinavian pendant to the music of some of his more famous contemporaries such as Dvorak or

Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most popu ...

. Most of his works were published by German editors. In 1858, Hartmann' s first major work to be played in public was a ''Passion Hymn'' on a text by

Bernhard Severin Ingemann Bernhard Severin Ingemann (28 May 1789 – 24 February 1862) was a Danish novelist and poet. Biography Ingemann was born in Torkilstrup, on the island of Falster, Denmark. The son of a vicar, he was left fatherless in his youth. While a s ...

for Soprano, Chorus and Orchestra, played on Easter Day in Copenhagen Cathedral. That same year, he and his later brother-in-law

August Winding August Winding (24 March 183516 June 1899) was a Danish pianist, teacher and composer. Life Early life and education August Henrik Winding was born in Tårs, near Sandby on the island of Lolland. His father was a clergyman who collected and arran ...

were given the task to compose music for

August Bournonville August Bournonville (21 August 1805 – 30 November 1879) was a Danish ballet master and choreographer. He was the son of Antoine Bournonville, a dancer and choreographer trained under the French choreographer, Jean Georges Noverre, and the nep ...

's ballet ''Fjeldstuen''. The ballet was first performed at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen in May 1859 and became an immediate success which ran for a long time. Still in 1859, he received a scholarship and went on study tour to Germany, where he spent most time in

Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as wel ...

, but visited also Berlin, Paris and Vienna. After returning to Denmark, he took a position as organist at the St. Johannes Church in Copenhagen in 1861 and from 1871 at the

Christiansborg Palace Chapel Christiansborg Palace ( da, Christiansborg Slot; ) is a palace and government building on the islet of Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It is the seat of the Danish Parliament ('), the Danish Prime Minister's Office, and the Supreme ...

. Emil Hartmann was a gifted conductor and went yearly on tour to Germany and elsewhere to conduct his works in the major cities, always to great acclaim. Following the decease of Niels W. Gade, he became his successor at the head of the Copenhagen

Musikforeningen Musikforeningen (The Music Society) in Copenhagen was Denmark's most important concert venue in the 19th century. It operated from 1838 to 1931 but it was especially under the leadership of Niels Gade (1850–90) that it became a meeting place for ...

for a brief period but had to resign for health reasons.

Family

Emil Hartmann belonged to an old family of artists which dominated Danish musical life for close to a century and a half. He was fourth generation of composers in the Hartmann family, as well as brother-in-law to composers

and

, and brother to the sculptor Carl Hartmann. He married Bolette Puggaard, a daughter of the wealthy merchant and philanthropist

Rudolph Puggaard Rudolph Puggaard (7 January 1818 – 9 December 1885) was a Danish merchant, patron of the arts and philanthropist. Early life and education Puggaard was born into a family of merchants on 7 January 1818 in Copenhagen. His father, Hans Puggaard ...

and granddaughter of merchant

Hans Puggaard Hans Puggaard (3 September 1788 - 8 April 1866) was a Denmark, Danish merchant and shipowner who founded H. Puggaard & Co. in 1813. The company became a leading wholesaler of grain and was also active in the market for import of goods such as coff ...

and his painter wife

Bolette Puggaard Bolette Cathrine Frederikke Puggaard née Hage (1798–1847) was a landscape painter of the Danish Golden Age, one of very few 19th-century Danish women whose art extended beyond flower paintings. She and her husband, the merchant and shipowne ...

. For his wedding in the Cathedral Vor Frue Kirke in Copenhagen, Niels W. Gade and

wrote in common a wedding cantata. He acquired the house

Carlsminde Carlsminde is a Baroque-style mansion located at Søllerødvej 30 in Søllerød, Rudersdal Municipality, some 20 kilometres north of central Copenhagen, Denmark. The building was listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places ...

on the countryside North of Copenhagen where he could compose quietly. Emil Hartmann had three sons, Johannes Palmer Hartmann (1870-1948) who established a large horticulture in Ghent, Rudolph Puggaard Hartmann (1871-1958), an electro-engineer, and

Oluf Hartmann Oluf Hartmann (16 February 1879 – 16 January 1910) was a Danish painter. Trained at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen, he showed his works at important exhibitions in the 1900s. Career Hartmann was born in the house Carlsm ...

(1879-1910), a painter, who died early and in whose memory

Carl Nielsen Carl August Nielsen (; 9 June 1865 – 3 October 1931) was a Danish composer, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer. Brought up by poor yet musically talented parents on the island of Funen, he ...

wrote his ''Andante Lamentoso'', "

At the bier of a young artist Carl Nielsen's ''At the Bier of a Young Artist'' (''Ved en ung Kunstners Baare'') for string orchestra, FS 58, was written for the funeral of the Danish painter Oluf Hartmann in January 1910. Background Oluf Hartmann was the son of composer Em ...

". His two daughters were

Bodil Neergaard Ellen Bodil Neergaard née Hartmann (10 February 1867 – 18 May 1959) was a Danish philanthropist and patron of the arts. She is remembered for her many philanthropic activities as well as for her life in Fuglsang Manor on the island of Lolland ...

(1867-1959), a soprano, philanthropist and patron of the arts who lived at

Fuglsang Manor Fuglsang is a 19th-century manor house now operated by Det Classenske Fideicommis as a cultural centre as an active agricultural estate at Toreby on the island of Lolland, in southeastern Denmark. The estate was owned by members of the de Neergaar ...

in Lolland, and Agnete Lehmann (1868-1902), actress at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, and wife of Julius Lehmann (1861-1931), theatre and opera instructor. The Danish film director

Lars von Trier Lars von Trier (''né'' Trier; 30 April 1956) is a Danish filmmaker, actor, and lyricist. Having garnered a reputation as a highly ambitious, polarizing filmmaker, he has been the subject of several controversies: Cannes, in addition to nominat ...

descends from Emil Hartmann.

Personality

Emil Hartmann’s highly eccentric personality was multifaceted and reflected both his great charm, his fiery temper and a darker and melancholic side. He had a baroque sense of humour. One day for instance, when he was staying at Fuglsang manor, a German lady, Mrs Ströhmer, had been expected but her arrival had been delayed. So he decided instead to dress himself up with grey curls and a black dress, pretending to be her, and played his role so well that none of the other guests doubted a minute that he was really «Mrs Ströhmer». One of them whispered to her neighbour that this was really a «''rather'' ''vulgar'' ''person''». The children were struggling to remain serious. However, at one point, «Mrs Ströhmer» made a dramatic gesture pointing at a painting on the wall of the naked

Kraka Aslaug ( non, Áslaug ), also called Aslög, Kráka (O.N.: ) or Kraba, is a figure in Norse mythology who appears in Snorri's Edda, the Völsunga saga and in the saga of Ragnar Lodbrok as one of his wives. Aslaug in legend According to the 13 ...

, trying in vain to hide her charms by means of a fishing net, and said loudly in German: «''Ah'', ''maybe'' ''the'' ''late'' ''baroness''?», whereupon everybody burst into laughter and the disguise could no longer be hidden. Emil Hartmann was a cosmopolitan and used to say: «''Yes'' ''of'' ''course'', ''God'', ''King'' ''and'' ''Country'', ''and'' ''the'' ''World'' ''Axe'' ''goes'' ''through'' ''the'' ''horse'' ''in'' ''Kongens'' ''Nytorv''«(statue in Copenhagen’s central square). His son Rudolph describes also his hostility to the rampant anti-semitism of the day, one of his favourite sayings being that «''we'' ''are'' ''all'' ''Jews'' ''for'' ''our'' ''Lord''». All his life, Emil Hartmann suffered from poor health, psychological troubles and regular depressions, and decided on several occasions to reside in psychiatric institutions for treatment. His later years were marked by a growing weakness that often put him in dark moods; he tried then to abreact by taking a walk with a whip and crack it at imaginary critics of his art. After his death, his music fell in oblivion, but is having a certain renaissance lately.

List of works

Here is an incomplete list of his works: * First Piano Sonata, in F Major *Second Piano Sonata, in D Major *''Scherzetto'' for piano, dedicated to

Niels Wilhelm Gade Niels Wilhelm Gade (22 February 1817 – 21 December 1890) was a Danish composer, conductor, violinist, organist and teacher. Together with Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann, he was the leading Danish musician of his day. Biography Gade was bor ...

*Two ''Capriccios'' for Piano *''Jery'' ''und'' ''Baetely'' (''Singspiel'' after

Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic. His works include plays, poetry, literature, and aesthetic criticism, as well as treat ...

) *First String Quartet, in A Major *First Piano Trio, in F sharp minor *First Quartet, in A Major, for Clarinet, Violin, Viola and Cello * Second Quartet, in B Major, for Clarinet, Violin, Viola and Cello *First Sonata for Violin and Piano, in G Major *Op. 1 Four Songs for Voice and Piano, on texts by

Emil Aarestrup Carl Ludvig Emil Aarestrup (4 December 1800 in Copenhagen – 21 July 1856 in Odense) was a Danish physician and poet, who had just one single volume of poetry published throughout his lifetime, yet this gave him a lasting place in Danish literatu ...

and

Christian Winther Rasmus Villads Christian Ferdinand Winther (29 July 1796 – 30 December 1876), was a Danish lyric poet. He was born at Fensmark near Næstved, where his father was the vicar. He went to the University of Copenhagen in 1815, and studied theolo ...

(1857) * ''Passion Hymn'' (Soprano, Chorus and Orchestra, on a text by Bernhard Severin Ingemann 1858) * ''Fjeldstuen'' (Ballet composed together with his brother-in-law

, on a choreography by August

Bournonville August Bournonville (21 August 1805 – 30 November 1879) was a Danish ballet master and choreographer. He was the son of Antoine Bournonville, a dancer and choreographer trained under the French choreographer, Jean Georges Noverre, and the ne ...

, 1859) * Op. 2 ''Halling og Menuet'' (Wedding music - published as Nordic folk dance no. 4) *Ten Spiritual Songs (1860) *Op. 3 ''A Night in the Mountains'' (''En'' ''Nat'' ''mellem'' ''Fjeldene'', ''Singspiel'' after

Jens Christian Hostrup Jens Christian Hostrup (20 May 1818 in Copenhagen – 21 November 1892 in Frederiksberg) was a Danish poet, dramatist and priest. Comforting and encouraging the people, he created poems that filled the hearts of his compatriots. His precise person ...

, 1863) * Op. 3a ''Spring Dance'' (Published as Nordic folk dance No. 5) * ''Cantata for the Inauguration of the Johanneskirke in Copenhagen'' (Chorus and Organ, 1861) * ''Wedding songs'' (Chorus and Orchestra, 1864, for his own wedding) * Op. 4 ''Elver Girl'' (''Elverpigen'', Opera after Thomas Overskou, 1867) *Op. 5 Twenty Four Romances and melodies for song and piano (dedicated to Bolette Hartmann, 1864, wherein nine love songs after

, published in Germany as ''Lieder und Weisen im nordischem Volkston'', for Voice and Piano) * Op. 5a Piano Quintet, in G minor (1865) * Op. 6 First Symphony, in D minor * Op. 6a ''Old Memories'' (''Gamle Minder'', Second movement of the first symphony, later published as Nordic folk dance No. 2) * Op. 6b ''Elver girls and hunters'' (''Elverpigerne og jægerne'', Third movement of the first symphony, later published as Nordic folk dance No. 3) * Op. 7 Suite (Orchestra) * Op. 8 ''Little Mermaid'' (''Havfruen'' - Solo, Chorus and Orchestra - 1867) * Op. 9 Second Symphony, in E minor * Op. 10 Second Piano Trio, in B Major (1867, dedicated to J.P.E. Hartmann) *Op. 10a Second String Quartet, in A Major *Op. 11 ''Fra Hoejlandene, Nordiske Tonebilleder,'' for piano (Five Pieces entitled respectively: ''Fra Højlandene, Gamle minder, En leg, Fra fjorden, Folkedans -''1869) * Cantata for Rudolf and Signe Puggaard’s Silver Wedding (Chorus and Piano, 1868) *Op. 12 Second Sonata for Violin and Piano, in A minor (1868) * Op. 12a Andante and Allegro for Violin and Piano (first movement of the Sonata Opus 12, dedicated to N.W. Gade) * Third Symphony, in B flat major (1871) * Op. 13 ''Vinter og Vaar'' (''Winter and Spring'', Cantata for Chorus and Orchestra, 1872) *Op. 13a Five Melodies for Mezzo or Bariton and Piano (dedicated to Signe Puggaard) * ''Dæmring'' (Prelude to the Ballet ''Valdemar'', Choreography by August

, 1872) *''Korsikaneren'' (''Corsica transferees'' - ''Singspiel'' after Ludovic de Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges,1873) *Op. 14 Third String Quartet, in A minor *Op. 14a ''Romances and Songs,'' for Voice and Piano (1871) *Op. 15 ''Fra Aarets Tider. To i Baaden'' (Songs for Men Chorus, 1875) * Op. 15a Three Melodies * Op. 16 ''Arabesque and Caprice,'' for Piano (dedicated to

Ferdinand Hiller Ferdinand (von) Hiller (24 October 1811 – 11 May 1885) was a German composer, Conductor (music), conductor, pianist, writer and music director. Biography Ferdinand Hiller was born to a wealthy Jewish family in Frankfurt am Main, where his fat ...

- 1876) * Op. 17 Third Sonata for Piano, in F Major (1879) * Op. 18 ''Scherzo'' (for orchestra, Published as Nordic folk dance No. 1 - The dances Op. 3a, 2, 6a and 6b were collected in a Suite called "''Nordic folk dances''") * Op. 19 Violin Concerto, in G minor (1879, dedicated to

Joseph Joachim Joseph Joachim (28 June 1831 – 15 August 1907) was a Hungarian violinist, conductor, composer and teacher who made an international career, based in Hanover and Berlin. A close collaborator of Johannes Brahms, he is widely regarded as one of ...

) *Op. 20 Fourteen Small Songs for the Youth (Works from his childhood, published in 1877) *Op. 21 Four Songs for Intermediary Voice and Piano ''(I Storm, Nattergalen, Myggevise, Aftensang'') *Op. 22 ''Christines Sange'', Religious Songs for Voice and Piano (1877) *Op.23 ''Ballscenen'', ''Taenze'' ''und'' ''Arabesken,'' for Piano (Suite comprising: ''Introduction, Graceful Waltz, Polka, Menuet, Intermezzo I - la Coquette, Cross dance, Waltz, Furious Gallop, Intermezzo II - Love scene, Zipline, FInal Waltz -'' printed in 1880) * Op. 24 Serenade for Clarinet, Cello and Piano, in A major (1877) * Op. 25 ''Hærmændene på Helgeland'' (in German: ''Eine Nordische Heerfahrt'', Concert Overture after

Henrik Ibsen Henrik Johan Ibsen (; ; 20 March 1828 – 23 May 1906) was a Norwegian playwright and theatre director. As one of the founders of modernism in theatre, Ibsen is often referred to as "the father of realism" and one of the most influential playw ...

, 1878) * Op. 26 Cello Concerto, in D minor (ca. 1879) * Op. 27 Four Songs for Men Chorus *Op. 28 Three Mazurkas for Piano (1881) * Op. 29 Fourth Symphony (Published as No. 1), in E flat major (1879) *Op. 30 ''Skandinavisk Folkemusik'' (50 Pieces for the Piano, some of which he later orchestrated and arranged in four suites for orchestra - 1881) * Op. 31 Four Piano Pieces (Entitled respectively: ''Elegi, Impromptu, Canzonetta, Etude'' - 1889) * Op. 32 ''A Carnival Fest'' (Suite of dances for orchestra, comprising a ''March, a Mazurka, an Introduction and Waltz, an Intermezzo and a final Tarentella'' -1882) * Op. 33 ''Towards the Light'' (Cantata after

Martin Kok Martin Kok (25 June 1967 – 8 December 2016) was a Dutch criminal turned blogger. Early life He grew up in Volendam and as a teenager sold eels along with his father and brother, dressed in traditional Volendammer garb of red shirt, baggy black ...

for Chorus and orchestra) * ''Jean-Marie'' (Stage music, 1883) * Op. 34 Fifth Symphony (Published as No. 2), in A minor, ''Fra Riddertiden'' (''From Knights' Time'') (published in 1887) *Op. 34a ''Im'' ''Mondschein'' (I ''Maaneskin''), Introduction and Waltz for Orchestra (1887) *Op. 35a ''Lieder und Gesaenge,'' for Voice and Piano, vol 1 comprising six melodies (1886) * Op. 35b ''Lieder und Gesaenge,'' for Voice and Piano, vol 2 comprising six other melodies (1886) *Op. 36 Fire Sange i Folketone (1886) * Op. 37 Fourth String Quartet, in C minor (1885) * Op. 39 ''Dance Suite for Orchestra'' (Comprising a ''Polka, a Waltz and a Gallop'' - 1887) * Op. 40 ''Hakon Jarl'' (Symphonic Poem, dedicated to his daughter Agnete Lehmann - 1886) *Op. 41 ''Norsk'' ''Lyrik'', Songs for Voice and Piano (Cycle of 14 songs, on Norwegian poems, dedicated to his daughter

-1890) * Op. 42 Sixth Symphony (Published as No. 3), in D major (dedicated to the

Royal Chapel in Berlin Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a c ...

, 1887) * Op. 43 ''Serenade'' (Nonet) for Flute, Oboe, 2 Clarinets, 2 Bassoons, 2 Horns, Violoncello and Double Bass (ca.1885) * Op. 44 ''Scottish Overture'' (Orchestra, 1890) *''Christian den Anden'' (''Christian II,'' Incidental music for a play by

Jenny Blicher Jenny may refer to: * Jenny (given name), a popular feminine name and list of real and fictional people * Jenny (surname), a family name Animals * Jenny (donkey), a female donkey * Jenny (gorilla), the oldest gorilla in captivity at the time of h ...

, 1889) * ''Scandinavian'' ''Fest'' ''March'' (for Orchestra, ca. 1889) * Op. 45 ''Dyvekesuite'' (Incidental music for the play ''Kristian den Anden'', arranged as a Suite for Small Orchestra, and comprising the following pieces: ''Narren, Bondedans, Dyveke danser for Kongen, Fredløs, Romance, Folkedans, Afskeden'' - ca. 1890) *''Conzerthaus''-''Polka'' (Orchestra, 1891) * Op. 46 ''Ouverture'' ''Pastorale'' (for Orchestra, 1869) * Op. 47 Piano concerto, in F minor (Dedicated to

Julius Roentgen The gens Julia (''gēns Iūlia'', ) was one of the most prominent patrician families in ancient Rome. Members of the gens attained the highest dignities of the state in the earliest times of the Republic. The first of the family to obtain the ...

,1891) * ''A Storm in a Tea Cup'' (Incidental music to a play by Helge Hostrup, 1892) * ''The Island of Sydhavet'' (''Øen I Sydhavet'', Incidental music to a play by

Holger Drachmann Holger Henrik Herholdt Drachmann (9 October 1846 – 14 January 1908) was a Danish poet, dramatist and painter. He was a member of the Skagen artistic colony and became a figure of the Scandinavian Modern Breakthrough Movement. Early yea ...

, 1893) * Op. 49 Seventh Symphony (numbered as No. 4), in D minor (1893) * ''Ragnhild'' (''Runenzauber'' in German, or M''agical runes,'' Opera after

Henrik Hertz Henrik Hertz (25 August 1797 – 25 February 1870) was a Danish poet. Biography He was born of Jewish parents in Copenhagen. In 1817 he was sent to the university. His father died in his infancy, and the family property was destroyed in the b ...

, 1896) * ''Wedding Festival in Hardanger'' (''En Bryllupsfest i Hardanger,'' Ballet, 1897) * ''Det store Lod'' (Comic Opera after

, 1898) * ''By Summertime'' (''Ved Sommertiden'', Cantata for Chorus and Orchestra) * ''Rinaldo'' (Cantata for Solo, Chorus and Orchestra) * ''Idyll'' (Cantata for Soprano, Tenor and Orchestra) *''Bellmanske Sange (''for four voices dame chorus) * 4 Spiritual Songs * 6 Quartets for Male Voices (1880) * ''Efterklang til Tyrfing (''after the poetry of

'')'' * Fourth Piano Sonata, in G minor (Last movement unfinished) *''Det'' ''døende barn (The dying child,'' Song for Voice and Piano after

) *''Berceuse'' for Violin and Piano, in E major *Many other unpublished works, and in particular songs and piano music, mainly from his younger years.

Sources

* Bodil Neergaard, ''Hendes Slaegt og Virke skildret af Slaegt og Venner i Anledning af Hendes 80-aars Dag'', Koebenhavn 1947 * Soerensen, Inger, ''Hartmann, Et Dansk Komponistdynasti'', Koebenhavn 1999, 656 pages * Soerensen, Inger, ''JPE Hartmann og Hans kreds. En komponistfamilies breve 1780-1900,'' bd 1-4, Koebenhavn 1999-1900, 2452 pages * Soerensen, Inger, ''Emil Hartmann'', Koebenhavn, 2020 *''Kritischer Bericht ueber die Aufuehrungen der Compositionen von Emil Hartmann,'' Koebenhavn, 1896

External links

*
Biography at naxos.com
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hartmann, Emil 1836 births 1898 deaths Male composers Musicians from Copenhagen 19th-century Danish people 19th-century Danish composers University of Copenhagen alumni Burials at Holmen Cemetery 19th-century male musicians Hartmann family