Emanuele Filiberto Of Savoy, Prince Of Venice
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Emanuele Filiberto Umberto Reza Ciro René Maria di Savoia (born 22 June 1972)''Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser'' XIV. "Haus Italien". C.A. Starke Verlag, 1997, pp. 33, 38–39. .Willis, Daniel, ''The Descendants of Louis XIII'', Clearfield Co., Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1999, p. 673. . is a member of the
House of Savoy The House of Savoy ( it, Casa Savoia) was a royal dynasty that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, the family grew in power from ruling a small Alpine county north-west of Italy to absolute rule of ...
. He is the son and heir of Vittorio Emanuele of Savoyde Badts de Cugnac, Chantal. Coutant de Saisseval, Guy. ''Le Petit Gotha''. Nouvelle Imprimerie Laballery, Paris 2002, pp. 602, 604, 622-623 (French) and only male-line grandson of
Umberto II en, Albert Nicholas Thomas John Maria of Savoy , house = Savoy , father = Victor Emmanuel III of Italy , mother = Princess Elena of Montenegro , birth_date = , birth_place = Racconigi, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy , d ...
, the last
King of Italy King of Italy ( it, links=no, Re d'Italia; la, links=no, Rex Italiae) was the title given to the ruler of the Kingdom of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The first to take the title was Odoacer, a barbarian military leader, ...
. As heir-apparent to the disputed headship of the
House of Savoy The House of Savoy ( it, Casa Savoia) was a royal dynasty that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, the family grew in power from ruling a small Alpine county north-west of Italy to absolute rule of ...
, Emanuele Filiberto also styles himself as " Prince of Piedmont". Emanuele Filiberto grew up as an
exile Exile is primarily penal expulsion from one's native country, and secondarily expatriation or prolonged absence from one's homeland under either the compulsion of circumstance or the rigors of some high purpose. Usually persons and peoples suf ...
from Italy, because until November 2002 the
Italian constitution The Constitution of the Italian Republic ( it, Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana) was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 December 1947, with 453 votes in favour and 62 against. The text, which has since been amended sixteen times, ...
prohibited the male issue of the Savoy kings of Italy from entering or staying on Italian territory.C.E.D.R.E. ''Les Manuscrits du C.E.D.R.E.: Le Royaume d'Italie, volume I.'' Paris, 1992, pp. 89-93. French. ISSN 0993-3964. Since returning to Italy, he has made many appearances on national television, including his participation as a contestant in ''
Ballando con le stelle ''Ballando con le Stelle'' is the Italian version of the ''Strictly Come Dancing'' / ''Dancing with the Stars'' franchises. It was first broadcast on 8 January 2005 on TV station RAI 1. This show is aired in the prime time, usually of saturday ...
'' (the Italian version of ''
Dancing with the Stars ''Dancing with the Stars'' is the name of various international television series based on the format of the British TV series '' Strictly Come Dancing'', which is distributed by BBC Studios, the commercial arm of the BBC. Currently the forma ...
''), and the
Sanremo Music Festival The Sanremo Music Festival, officially the Italian Song Festival () and commonly known as just (), is the most popular Italian song contest and awards ceremony, held annually in the city of Sanremo, Liguria. It is the longest-running annual ...
. He is married to French actress
Clotilde Courau Princess Clotilde Marie Pascale Courau (born 3 April 1969) is a French actress. She is married to Emanuele Filiberto di Savoia, Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. Burke's Royal Families of the World: ''Volume I Europe & Latin America''. Burke's Pee ...
.


Early life and family

Emanuele Filiberto was born in
Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaki ...
, Switzerland, the only child of
Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples , house = Savoy , spouse = , issue = Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice , father = Umberto II of Italy , mother = Princess Marie-José of Belgium , birth_date = , birth_place = Naples, Kingdo ...
, a disputed head of the House of Savoy, and his wife,
Marina Doria Marina Ricolfi-Doria (born 12 February 1935) is a Swiss former water skier. She competed three times at the Water Ski World Championships winning gold medals in 1955 and in 1957. She won the overall title in the European Water Ski Championships co ...
, a Swiss former water ski champion.Enache, Nicolas. ''La Descendance de Marie-Therese de Habsburg''. ICC, Paris, 1996. p.204 On 10 November 2002, he accompanied his father and mother to Italy, following revocation of the provision in the Italian constitution that forbade the male Savoy descendants of kings of Italy from setting foot in the country. On the three-day trip, he accompanied his parents on a visit to the
Vatican Vatican may refer to: Vatican City, the city-state ruled by the pope in Rome, including St. Peter's Basilica, Sistine Chapel, Vatican Museum The Holy See * The Holy See, the governing body of the Catholic Church and sovereign entity recognized ...
for a 20-minute audience with
Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II ( la, Ioannes Paulus II; it, Giovanni Paolo II; pl, Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła ; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his ...
. He also appeared in a TV commercial for a brand of olives, in which he said they made you "feel like a king". On 10 July 2003, his engagement to
Clotilde Courau Princess Clotilde Marie Pascale Courau (born 3 April 1969) is a French actress. She is married to Emanuele Filiberto di Savoia, Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. Burke's Royal Families of the World: ''Volume I Europe & Latin America''. Burke's Pee ...
, a French actress, was announced. The couple married on 25 September of that year at the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri in
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
. Among the 1,200 guests at the wedding were
Pierre Cardin Pierre Cardin (, , ), born Pietro Costante Cardino (2 July 1922 – 29 December 2020), was an Italian-born naturalised-French fashion designer. He is known for what were his avant-garde style and Space Age designs. He preferred geometric shap ...
and
Valentino Garavani Valentino Clemente Ludovico Garavani (; born 11 May 1932), known mononymously as Valentino, is an Italian fashion designer, the founder of the Valentino brand and company. His main lines include Valentino, Valentino Garavani, Valentino Roma, a ...
, who had designed the wedding dress. With Courau, he has had two daughters, both born in Geneva: * Vittoria Cristina Adelaide Chiara Maria, royal princess of Savoy, titled by her grandfather on December 28, 2019 princess of Carignano, marquisa of Invrea, born in
Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaki ...
on December 28, 2003 * Luisa Giovanna Agata Gavina Bianca Maria, Princess Royal of Savoy, appointed by her grandfather on December 28, 2019 Princess of Chieri, Countess of Salemi, born in
Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaki ...
on August 16, 2006 The Savoy family lives between Paris and
Monte Carlo Monte Carlo (; ; french: Monte-Carlo , or colloquially ''Monte-Carl'' ; lij, Munte Carlu ; ) is officially an administrative area of the Principality of Monaco, specifically the ward of Monte Carlo/Spélugues, where the Monte Carlo Casino is ...
, in the
principality of Monaco Monaco (; ), officially the Principality of Monaco (french: Principauté de Monaco; Ligurian: ; oc, Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Liguria ...
, Geneva and
Umbertide Umbertide () is a town and ''comune'' (township) of Italy, in the province of Perugia and in northwestern Umbria, at the confluence of the Reggia river and the Tiber. It is 30 km (19 mi) North of Perugia and 20 km (12 mi) South ...
, in the
province of Perugia The Province of Perugia ( it, Provincia di Perugia) is the larger of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising two-thirds of both the area and population of the region. Its capital is the city of Perugia. The province covered al ...
.


Cultural activities and charity

Emanuele Filiberto created the "Emmanuele Filiberto Charity Fund" and the "Prince Foundation of Venice", born in 2001. He also deals with the "Prize of Venice Prize". As the chairman of the Dynastic Orders of Savoy, he is involved with a number of charities. In 2018, the Orders in fact supported several charitable works around the world, worth over 800,000 Euros. In 2021 more than 800,000 Euros was raised, all of which was used for charitable works around Italy and the world. In July
2009 File:2009 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The vertical stabilizer of Air France Flight 447 is pulled out from the Atlantic Ocean; Barack Obama becomes the first African American to become President of the United States; 2009 Iran ...
he made his contribution to the ceremonies for the 150th anniversary of the unification of Italy by inaugurating in
Cortina d'Ampezzo Cortina d'Ampezzo (; lld, Anpezo, ; historical de-AT, Hayden) is a town and ''comune'' in the heart of the southern (Dolomitic) Alps in the Province of Belluno, in the Veneto region of Northern Italy. Situated on the Boite river, in an alp ...
the exhibition "Casa Savoia, storia di una Famiglia italiana", promoted by the ''Prince of Venice Foundation''. In the exhibition there are about 150 objects that belonged to the kings and queens of Italy. The event was sponsored by the Ministry of Cultural Goods and Activities and the
Veneto Region it, Veneto (man) it, Veneta (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = ...
. Emanuele Filiberto stigmatized the attacks of the Northern League on the
unification of Italy The unification of Italy ( it, Unità d'Italia ), also known as the ''Risorgimento'' (, ; ), was the 19th-century Political movement, political and social movement that resulted in the Merger (politics), consolidation of List of historic stat ...
, launching his project for the celebrations of
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrate ...
. In 2019 the Italia USA Foundation awarded him the America Prize to the
Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon R ...
. The Dynastic Orders of the Royal House of Savoy, which Emanuele Filiberto is chairman of, contributes to a project of child surgery on the ships of Mercy Ships, active in the most inaccessible areas of the African continent. The project will started in early 2022 and 264 surgeries are planned for 197 patients in order to improve facial maxillo problems caused by labial and palate cancers that afflict many regions of Africa. This project essentially concerns children under the age of 17. A detailed report will be delivered to our Grand Chancellery by the international organization at the end of the 120 days scheduled for the mission and we will share the results with our awardees, our supporters and with all the readers of this official website of the Dinactic Orders of the Royal House of Savoy. The Dynastic Orders of the Royal House of Savoy has "adopted” a room for one year at the Associazione Peter Pan Onlus, which hosts families of children with cancer in Rome. This was made possible by the contribution of all the Dames and Knights of the Dynastic Orders of the Royal House of Savoy. In addition to this, thanks to the generous support of two Thai members of the Savoy Knightly Forces, it was possible to offer an additional room within the same facility in 2020. The room, called “''Il rifugio di Gianni e Michele''” (Gianni and Michele’s refuge) hosted a family from Montenegro, the birthplace of H.M. Queen Elena, and is still occupying it because of the continuing treatment of a seven-year-old boy, who is being cared for at the haematology ward of the Bambino Gesù Hospital in Rome. Another room, called “''Il colle del gigliotigrato''” (the hill of the striped lily), hosted two Italian families from Apulia and Sicily. The children, aged five and six respectively, were treated in the oncology ward of the same hospital. The Grand Chancellery of the Dynastic Orders of the Royal House of Savoy, at the instigation of H.R.H. the Grand Master and H.R.H. Prince Emanuele Filiberto, has decided to renew the annual lease for 2021 and we hope that, thanks to your precious support, it will be possible to raise further funds to pay for a second room. Emanuel Filiberto over saw the Mus-e Project where five cities across Italy (Turin, Milan, Rome, Fermo and Copertino in the province of Lecce) and over 250 children are involved in the Mus-e Project, which the Dynastic Orders of the House of Savoy have decided to support for the 2021/22 school year. This choice was made in order to give hope and moments of creativity to all these children who, also due to the Covid emergency, have gone through a particularly difficult period and are only now regaining confidence in the future. Emanuel Filiberto as chairman of the Dynastic orders of Savoy has often stepped in for his father
Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples , house = Savoy , spouse = , issue = Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice , father = Umberto II of Italy , mother = Princess Marie-José of Belgium , birth_date = , birth_place = Naples, Kingdo ...
, the Grand master of the family orders which include, Civil Order of Savoy,
Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus ( it, Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro) (abbreviated OSSML) is a Roman Catholic dynastic order of knighthood bestowed by the royal House of Savoy. It is the second-oldest order of knighthood in the wo ...
, and the
Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation The Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation ( it, Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata) is a Roman Catholic order of chivalry, originating in Savoy. It eventually was the pinnacle of the honours system in the Kingdom of Italy, which ce ...
, as he is head of the
Royal House of Savoy The House of Savoy ( it, Casa Savoia) was a royal dynasty that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, the family grew in power from ruling a small Alpine county north-west of Italy to absolute rule of ...
. This means that the role of
investing Investment is the dedication of money to purchase of an asset to attain an increase in value over a period of time. Investment requires a sacrifice of some present asset, such as time, money, or effort. In finance, the purpose of investing i ...
new knights into the orders for which ever motivational reason has fallen to Emanuel Filiberto. The role of electing these knights falls to the Junta. The Junta is responsible for voting in new
Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the Pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity. Knighthood finds origins in the Gr ...
or
Dame ''Dame'' is an honorific title and the feminine form of address for the honour of damehood in many Christian chivalric orders, as well as the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom, British honours system and those of several oth ...
to the dynastic order on behalf of the grand master,
Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples , house = Savoy , spouse = , issue = Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice , father = Umberto II of Italy , mother = Princess Marie-José of Belgium , birth_date = , birth_place = Naples, Kingdo ...
. There are always five members of the Junta to ensure that there is never an equal count in votes for and against a new possible new
Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the Pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity. Knighthood finds origins in the Gr ...
s or
Dames ''Dame'' is an honorific title and the feminine form of address for the honour of damehood in many Christian chivalric orders, as well as the British honours system and those of several other Commonwealth realms, such as Australia and New Zeala ...
. As of 2022, Emanuele Filberto has been leading an effort to reclaim the family jewels belonging to the House of Savoy. The jewels are estimated to be worth $335 million and have been held by the Italian government since the abolition of the monarchy in 1946.


Controversies

In 2015 Emanuele Filiberto engaged in a public spat on Twitter with aristocratic journalist Beatrice Borromeo who broke the story of his father's confession on video regarding the death of Dirk Hamer. Vittorio Emanuele had sued the newspaper for defamation, but in 2015 after it won the case, Borromeo tweeted ''Vincere una causa è sempre piacevole, ma contro Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia la goduria è doppia! ("Winning a case is always nice, but against Victor Emmanuel of Savoy there is double the pleasure"), and "caro @efsavoia goditi questa sentenza" ("dear @efsavoia enjoy this judgement") which provoked Emanuele Filiberto to defend his father. She had earlier confronted him on camera with a copy of a book on the murder by Hamer's sister, whose preface she had written. In 2018, following the release of polling data by the ''Istituto Piepoli'' that showed 15 percent of Italians favoured the formation of a royalist party and eight percent supported him as future king, Emanuele Filiberto said he was contemplating the launch of a political party to advocate for the restoration of the monarchy in Italy.Mole24. 16 August 2018
Emanuele Filiberto di Savoia Pensa a un Partito Monarchico in Italia
Retrieved 18 July 2018. Italian


Titles, styles and honours

Emanuele Filiberto is, by strict
primogeniture Primogeniture ( ) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit the parent's entire or main estate in preference to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relativ ...
in the male-line, the
heir apparent An heir apparent, often shortened to heir, is a person who is first in an order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person; a person who is first in the order of succession but can be displaced by the b ...
of the
House of Savoy The House of Savoy ( it, Casa Savoia) was a royal dynasty that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, the family grew in power from ruling a small Alpine county north-west of Italy to absolute rule of ...
, Italy's former ruling
dynasty A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,''Oxford English Dictionary'', "dynasty, ''n''." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897. usually in the context of a monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A ...
. In June 2006 his distant cousin Amedeo, 5th Duke of Aosta, declared himself to be head of the house and rightful
Duke of Savoy The titles of count, then of duke of Savoy are titles of nobility attached to the historical territory of Savoy. Since its creation, in the 11th century, the county was held by the House of Savoy. The County of Savoy was elevated to a Duchy of Sav ...
, maintaining that Vittorio Emanuele had forfeited his dynastic rights when he married Emanuele Filiberto's mother, Marina Ricolfi Doria, in 1971 without the legally required permission of his father and sovereign-in-exile,
Umberto II en, Albert Nicholas Thomas John Maria of Savoy , house = Savoy , father = Victor Emmanuel III of Italy , mother = Princess Elena of Montenegro , birth_date = , birth_place = Racconigi, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy , d ...
.Enache, Nicolas. ''La Descendance de Marie-Therese de Habsburg''. ICC, Paris, 1996. p.213 Emanuele Filiberto and his father applied for judicial intervention to forbid Amedeo from using the title ''Duke of Savoy''. In February 2010, the court of Arezzo ruled that the Duke of Aosta and his son must pay damages totalling 50,000 euros to their cousins and cease using the surname ''Savoy'' instead of ''Savoy-Aosta''. The Duke of Aosta appealed the ruling and the dynastic dispute is still unresolved.


Ancestry


Honours


Dynastic honours

*
House of Savoy The House of Savoy ( it, Casa Savoia) was a royal dynasty that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, the family grew in power from ruling a small Alpine county north-west of Italy to absolute rule of ...
: Knight of the
Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation The Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation ( it, Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata) is a Roman Catholic order of chivalry, originating in Savoy. It eventually was the pinnacle of the honours system in the Kingdom of Italy, which ce ...
*
House of Savoy The House of Savoy ( it, Casa Savoia) was a royal dynasty that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, the family grew in power from ruling a small Alpine county north-west of Italy to absolute rule of ...
: Knight Grand Cordon of the
Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus ( it, Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro) (abbreviated OSSML) is a Roman Catholic dynastic order of knighthood bestowed by the royal House of Savoy. It is the second-oldest order of knighthood in the wo ...
*
House of Savoy The House of Savoy ( it, Casa Savoia) was a royal dynasty that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, the family grew in power from ruling a small Alpine county north-west of Italy to absolute rule of ...
: Knight Grand Cross of the Civil Order of Savoy *
House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies The House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, Spanish Bourbons that ruled Southern Italy and Sicily for more than a century in the 18th and 19th centuries. It descends from the Capetian dynasty in legitimate ma ...
(Franco-Neapolitan branch): Bailiff Knight Grand Cross of Justice of the
Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George The Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George (SMOCG) ( it, Sacro Militare Ordine Costantiniano di San Giorgio, es, Sagrada Orden Militar Constantiniana de San Jorge), also historically referred to as the Imperial Constantinian Order ...
* Montenegrin Royal Family: Knight of the
Order of Petrovic Njegos Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of ...
* Montenegrin Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross of the
Order of Prince Danilo I The Order of Prince Danilo I ( cnr, Орден Књаза Данила I, translit=Orden Knjaza Danila I) was an order of the Principality and later Kingdom, of Montenegro. It is currently a dynastic order granted by the head of the House of P ...
* Montenegrin Royal Family: Knight of the Order of Saint Peter of Cetinje *
Russian Imperial Family The House of Romanov (also transcribed Romanoff; rus, Романовы, Románovy, rɐˈmanəvɨ) was the reigning imperial house of Russia from 1613 to 1917. They achieved prominence after the Tsarina, Anastasia Romanova, was married to t ...
: Knight Grand Cordon of the
Order of St. Alexander Nevsky The Imperial Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky was an order of chivalry of the Russian Empire first awarded on by Empress Catherine I of Russia. History The introduction of the Imperial Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky was envisioned by Empero ...
* Abanyiginya Dynasty: Knight Grand Collar of the Royal Order of the Drum (
Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator ...
)


National and foreign honours

*
Sovereign Military Order of Malta The Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), officially the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta ( it, Sovrano Militare Ordine Ospedaliero di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme, di Rodi e di Malta; ...
: Bailiff Grand Cross of Honor and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta * : Knight Grand Officer of the
Order of Saint-Charles The Order of Saint Charles (french: Ordre de Saint Charles) is a dynastic order of knighthood established in Monaco on 15 March 1858. Award This order rewards service to the State or Prince. In particular cases, it may be granted to foreign ...
* :
Kentucky colonel Kentucky Colonel is the highest title of honor bestowed by the Commonwealth of Kentucky, and is the most well-known of a number of honorary colonelcies conferred by United States governors. A Kentucky Colonel Commission (the certificate) i ...


References


External links


Official website of Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy
{{DEFAULTSORT:Emanuele Filiberto 20th-century Roman Catholics 21st-century Roman Catholics Grand Officers of the Order of Saint-Charles Dancing with the Stars winners 1972 births Living people People from Geneva Princes of Piedmont Princes of Venice Alumni of Institut Le Rosey Princes of Savoy Italian Roman Catholics Italian exiles