Emanuel Kozačinski (
ukr. ''Manuїl (Mihaїl) Kozačínsьkiй''; Yampil,)
Yampil, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Yampil or Yampol ( uk, Ямпіль; russian: Ямполь; yi, יאמפאלא) is an urban-type settlement in Shepetivka Raion of Khmelnytskyi Oblast, in the Volyn region of western Ukraine. It is located 25 miles SE of Kremenets. Yampil hosts ...
. then
Imperial Russia
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the List of Russian monarchs, Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended th ...
, now
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
, 1699 —
Slutsk
Slutsk ( officially transliterated as Sluck, be, Слуцк; russian: Слуцк; pl, Słuck, lt, Sluckas, Yiddish/Hebrew: סלוצק ''Slutsk'') is a city in Belarus, located on the Sluch River south of Minsk. As of 2022, its population is ...
,
Belarus
Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by R ...
, 15 August 1755) was a writer, pedagogue, actor and theater worker.
Biography
Kozačinski studied philosophy in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
until 1720, after which he continued his education on
Kiev Theological Academy
The Kiev Theological Academy (1819—1919) was one of the oldest higher educational institution of the Russian Orthodox Church, situated in Kyiv, then in the Russian Empire (now Kyiv, Ukraine). It was considered as the most senior one among simila ...
. During his studies in
Kiev
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
, he traveled across lands inhabited by
Slavs
Slavs are the largest European ethnolinguistic group. They speak the various Slavic languages, belonging to the larger Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages. Slavs are geographically distributed throughout northern Eurasia, main ...
and
Germans
, native_name_lang = de
, region1 =
, pop1 = 72,650,269
, region2 =
, pop2 = 534,000
, region3 =
, pop3 = 157,000
3,322,405
, region4 =
, pop4 = ...
. Once he got a degree, Kozačinski started working as an associate at the Academy, teaching junior classes.
On the invitation of Metropolitan
Vikentije Jovanović
Vikentije Jovanović ( sr-cyr, Викентије Јовановић; 1689 – June 6, 1737) was the Serbian Orthodox Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci from 1731 to 1737, as Vikentije II. During his diplomatic mission in Vienna in 1734, he wa ...
, Kozačinski traveled from
Kiev
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
to
Sremski Karlovci
Sremski Karlovci ( sr-cyrl, Сремски Карловци, ; hu, Karlóca; tr, Karlofça) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated on the banks of the Danub ...
in 1733, accompanied with a group of professors. He started to work as a teacher of Slavic-Latin schools (''Collegium slavono-latino carloviciense'') which was already established at the time. During his tenure, schooling was largely improved and organized on the
syllabus
A syllabus (; plural ''syllabuses'' or ''syllabi'') or specification is a document that communicates information about an academic course or class and defines expectations and responsibilities. It is generally an overview or summary of the curric ...
school system invention during the era of
Peter the Great
Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...
.
The first recorded theatrical performance, "The Death of Tsar Uroš", was presented in the school of Emanuel Kozačinski in Karlovci. Written by Kozačinski, it remained in manuscript and waited 62 years to reappear, then published and adapted by
Jovan Rajić
Jovan Rajić ( sr-cyr, Јован Рајић; September 21, 1726 – December 22, 1801) was a Serbian writer, historian, theologian, and pedagogue, considered one of the greatest Serbian academics of the 18th century. He was one of the most nota ...
, the author's disciple. The
Baroque
The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...
drama was ''Traedokomedija'' centered about the subject of the death of
Stefan Uroš V
Saint Stefan Uroš V ( sr-cyrl, Свети Стефан Урош V, ; 13362/4 December 1371), known in historiography and folk tradition as Uroš the Weak ( sr-cyr, Урош Нејаки, Uroš Nejaki), was the second Emperor (Tsar) of the Serb ...
, which was first performed in June 1734. The play was very popular and later performed in
Novi Sad
Novi Sad ( sr-Cyrl, Нови Сад, ; hu, Újvidék, ; german: Neusatz; see below for other names) is the second largest city in Serbia and the capital of the autonomous province of Vojvodina. It is located in the southern portion of the Pan ...
and
Zrenjanin
Zrenjanin ( sr-Cyrl, Зрењанин, ; hu, Nagybecskerek; ro, Becicherecu Mare; sk, Zreňanin; german: Großbetschkerek) is a List of cities in Serbia, city and the administrative center of the Central Banat District in the autonomous pro ...
with rearrangement done by Jovan Rajić.
Emanuel Kozačinski was a director of all schools in Sremski Karlovci during 1735-1736 and afterwards rector of all Slavic-Latin schools on the territory of
Metropolitanate of Karlovci
The Metropolitanate of Karlovci ( sr, Карловачка митрополија, Karlovačka mitropolija) was a metropolitanate of the Eastern Orthodox Church that existed in the Habsburg monarchy between 1708 and 1848. Between 1708 and 1713 ...
. There he wrote textbooks, namely ''Artis oratoriae libri IV'' (1735). This was at a time during the development of humanistic education of the Western-style among the Serbs. Some of the textbooks like ''De poesi seu de ligate oratione'' were written by an anonymous Serbian author in 1729.
His placement as the head of a network of schools was heavily criticized by priests and other
Serbian Orthodox Church
The Serbian Orthodox Church ( sr-Cyrl, Српска православна црква, Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodox Christian denomination, Christian churches.
The majori ...
officials on account of Emanuel not being a member of the clergy, which forced Metropolitan Vikentije (Jovanović) to ordain him into the priesthood.
Facing numerous plots and protests after the death of Vikentije, his protector, Emanuel went to
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
. Later, he worked as a teacher in
Novi Sad
Novi Sad ( sr-Cyrl, Нови Сад, ; hu, Újvidék, ; german: Neusatz; see below for other names) is the second largest city in Serbia and the capital of the autonomous province of Vojvodina. It is located in the southern portion of the Pan ...
for a year before leaving for Kiev.
Upon his return to Kiev, Emanuel was reinstalled as a professor at the Kiev Academy associated with the
Pechersk Lavra monastery and he also started to work for a local theater company, writing a play ''Obraz strastej mira sego obrazom stražduščago Hrista ispravi sja'', which he also directed in 1739. A noted professor of philosophy and theology, Kozačinski served as a deputy of the Academy's
rector
Rector (Latin for the member of a vessel's crew who steers) may refer to:
Style or title
*Rector (ecclesiastical), a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations
*Rector (academia), a senior official in an edu ...
Silvester Kuljapk. Emanuel was made the head of a welcome committee established in 1744 for the visit of
Elizabeth of Russia
Elizabeth Petrovna (russian: Елизаве́та (Елисаве́та) Петро́вна) (), also known as Yelisaveta or Elizaveta, reigned as Empress of Russia from 1741 until her death in 1762. She remains one of the most popular Russian ...
, and for that purpose, he wrote several works in her honour including a play ''Blagoutrobija Marka Avrelija Antonina''. Kozačinski left the Academy in 1746 because of a dispute with staff members and went on to pursue his career as a cleric in
Vydubychi Monastery
Vydubychi Monastery ( ua, Видубицький монастир ''Vydubyts'kyi monastyr'') is an historic monastery in the Ukrainian capital Kyiv. During the Soviet period it housed the NANU Institute of Archaeology.
History
The monastery w ...
.
Emanuel Kozačinski left numerous works:
rhetoric
Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...
, poetry and philosophy textbooks, songs, psalms, speeches, dramas. He is best known for his book on
Aristotle
Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of phil ...
, and also considered the best Aristotle scholar among
Orthodox Christians
Orthodoxy (from Greek: ) is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion.
Orthodoxy within Christianity refers to acceptance of the doctrines defined by various creeds and ecumenical councils in Antiquity, but different Churc ...
of the era.
He died of
jaundice
Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels. Jaundice in adults is typically a sign indicating the presence of underlying diseases involving abnormal heme meta ...
and was buried in
Sluck
Slutsk ( officially transliterated as Sluck, be, Слуцк; russian: Слуцк; pl, Słuck, lt, Sluckas, Yiddish/Hebrew: סלוצק ''Slutsk'') is a city in Belarus, located on the Sluch River south of Minsk. As of 2022, its population is ...
.
Selected works
*''Traedokomedije'', 1734.
*''Blagoutrobija Marka Avrelija Antonina'', 1744.
See also
*
Joakim Vujić
Joakim Vujić (Serbian Cyrillic: Јоаким Вујић; Baja, Habsburg monarchy, 9 September 1772 – Belgrade, Principality of Serbia, 8 November 1847) was a Serbian writer, dramatist (musical stage and theatre), actor, traveler and polyglot. ...
*
Marko Jelisejic
*
Jovan Rajić
Jovan Rajić ( sr-cyr, Јован Рајић; September 21, 1726 – December 22, 1801) was a Serbian writer, historian, theologian, and pedagogue, considered one of the greatest Serbian academics of the 18th century. He was one of the most nota ...
*
Arkadije Pejic
*
Antonije Hadžić Antonije Tona Hadžić (Serbian Cyrillic: Антоније Хаџић; Subotica, 20 November 1831 - Novi Sad, 17 January 1916) was the secretary and president of the Matica Srpska, playwright, and director of the Serbian National Theater and editor- ...
References
External links
Istorijat Gimnazije u Sremskim Karlovcima
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kozacinski, Emanuel
1699 births
1755 deaths
18th-century Serbian writers
Christian writers
Ukrainian male writers
18th-century actors