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Elpis Melena (1818–1899, born as Marie Espérance von Schwartz) was a German writer.
Daughter of a Hamburg banker, she was born in England and spent much of her early life in Italy and England. She was well known in connection with the movement for Italian unity and freedom and edited the first version of Garibaldi's memoirs in German, published in English in 1887. After first meeting Garibaldi on the island of Caprera in 1857 she received affectionate letters from him and an ultimately unsuccessful proposal of marriage in 1858. After 1865 she lived in Chania.
She took interest in
Elpis Melena (1818–1899, born as Marie Espérance von Schwartz) was a German writer.
Daughter of a Hamburg banker, she was born in England and spent much of her early life in Italy and England. She was well known in connection with the movement for Italian unity and freedom and edited the first version of Garibaldi's memoirs in German, published in English in 1887. After first meeting Garibaldi on the island of Caprera in 1857 she received affectionate letters from him and an ultimately unsuccessful proposal of marriage in 1858. After 1865 she lived in Chania.
She took interest in animal welfare
Animal welfare is the well-being of non-human animals. Formal standards of animal welfare vary between contexts, but are debated mostly by animal welfare groups, legislators, and academics. Animal welfare science uses measures such as longevity ...
and criticized animal testing. In 1875, she read a German translation of George
Fleming's vivisection essay which inspired her anti- vivisection novel ''Gemma, oder Tugend und Laster'' (translated as ''Gemma, or Virtue and Vice''). Melena's novel has been described as "mobilizing public opinion against vivisection in Germany".
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* {{DEFAULTSORT:Melena, Elpis 1899 deaths 1818 births 19th-century German writers 19th-century women writers Anti-vivisectionists German philhellenes German women writers