''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of

foraminifera Foraminifera (; Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class of amoeboid protists characterized by streaming granular Ectoplasm (cell biology), ectoplasm for catching food and ot ...

. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams,

fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

s from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of the species within this genus is disputed due to the high variability of some species.

Description

''Elphidium'' is generally around 1 mm in size. The

test Test(s), testing, or TEST may refer to: * Test (assessment), an educational assessment intended to measure the respondents' knowledge or other abilities Arts and entertainment * ''Test'' (2013 film), an American film * ''Test'' (2014 film), ...

is spiral-shaped, and can be red, orange, or brown. This shell is made up of calcium carbonate. Species of this genus have seven to twenty chambers in the final whorl, and may have an umbilical plug on each side. In some species the rim is sharp, while in others it is more rounded. Another distinctive feature is the retral processes (small backward extensions of the chamber walls) that cross the sutures, giving some the appearance of tiny rolled up glass baskets. ''Elphidium'' crawls using a type of pseudopod called reticulopodia.

Life cycle

''Elphidium'' shows dimorphism with alternating generations. The complete cycle for ''Elphidium crispum'' takes two years in the shallower marine regions, although it may be delayed at deeper stations.

Asexual reproduction Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. The offspring that arise by asexual reproduction from either unicellular or multicellular organisms inherit the fu ...

reaches a peak in spring of the first year. Sexual reproduction begins early in the second spring as temperatures begin to rise. The gametes conjugate outside in open sea to produce zygotes and the B form then develops and matures during the second summer. Lister (1895) observed ''Elphidium'' in two different forms as megalospheric form (sexual form) and microsperic form (asexual form). The megalosperic form was developed from the microsperic form. The

gamete A gamete (; , ultimately ) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually. Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells, also referred to as sex cells. In species that produce t ...

s which gives rise to microspheric form by

syngamy Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a new individual organism or offspring and initiate its development. Proce ...

. ''Elphidium'' exhibits an alternation of generation in its life cycle. The megalosperic forms alternates with microspheric forms. The microspheric forms are developed by the conjugation or syngamy. It means there is always an alternations of asexual (microspheric) and sexual (megalospheric) generation in ''Elphidium''. The microspheric form reproduces asexually by

fission Fission, a splitting of something into two or more parts, may refer to: * Fission (biology), the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts into separate entities resembling the original * Nuclear fissio ...

to produce a number of amoebulae. The inner

cytoplasm In cell biology, the cytoplasm is all of the material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. The ...

mass containing several nuclei creeps out of the shell and remains as a lump around it. A small amount of cytoplasm collects around each nucleus. As a result, a large number of amoeboid cells are formed. Each amoebula secretes the proloculum, formsrhizopodia, then it grows and forms other chambers of the shell to become a megalospheric forms. The megalospheric form reproduces sexually by syngamy or conjugation. During sexual reproduction in megalospheric forms, nucleus first breaks up into many small nuclei and the cytoplasm collects around each of these nuclei. The nuclei divide twice giving rise to a large haploid and known as isogametes. Isogametes of two different individuals fuse in pairs to form zygotes. These are then develops into microspheric form. The life cycle of ''Elphidium'' may be summarized as follows: the microspheric forms produce amoebulae by asexual fission which develops into megalospheric forms. The megalospheric forms produce flagellated isogametes which after syngamy produce zygotes that develop into microspheric forms. Thus, its life cycle clearly exhibits the phenomenon of alternations of asexual microspheric generations with sexual megalospheric generations.

Subdivisions

*Subgenus ''

Elphidium (Parrellina) ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Carter, 1958 **'' Elphidium (Parrellina) centrifugalis'' Carter, 1958 *Subgenus '' Elphidium (Polystomella)'' Heron-Allen & Earland, 1932 *''Elphidium'' '' incertae sedis'' **''

Elphidium abyssicola ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Ishiwada, 1964 **''

Elphidium aculeatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **''

Elphidium adelaidense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Howchin & Parr, 1938 **''

Elphidium advenum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Cushman, 1922) **''

Elphidium africanum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' LeRoy, 1953 **''

Elphidium aguafrescaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd & Kniker, 1952 **''

Elphidium alaskense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & Todd, 1947 **''

Elphidium albanii ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **'' Elphidium alvarezianum'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **''

Elphidium ancestrum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Le Calvez, 1950 **'' Elphidium argenteum'' Parr, 1945 **''

Elphidium armenium ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Saakyan-Gezalyan, 1957 **''

Elphidium articulatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **''

Elphidium asagaiense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1949 **'' Elphidium asanoi'' Kaiho, 1984 **'' Elphidium asanoi'' Matsunaga, 1963 **''

Elphidium asiaticum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Polski, 1959 **''

Elphidium asklundi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Brotzen, 1943 **''

Elphidium australis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & Parker, 1931 **'' Elphidium azerbaidjanicum'' Mamedova, 1966 **'' Elphidium aznaburticum'' Pronina, 1964 **'' Elphidium bartletti'' Cushman, 1933 **'' Elphidium batavum'' Hofker, 1968 **''

Elphidium batialis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Saidova, 1961 **'' Elphidium bhattacharyai'' Jauhri, 1994 **'' Elphidium biperforatus'' (Whittaker & Hodgkinson, 1979) **'' Elphidium bogdanowiczi'' Pronina, 1964 **'' Elphidium bosoense'' Fujita, 1956 **'' Elphidium botaniense'' Albani, 1981 **''

Elphidium brooklynense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Shupack, 1934 **'' Elphidium californicum'' Cook Ms., 1959 **''

Elphidium capelavelaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1981 **'' Elphidium carenerosensis'' Bermúdez & Fuenmayor, 1966 **''

Elphidium cariacoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bermúdez & Seiglie, 1963 **'' Elphidium carpentariaense'' Albani & Yassini, 1993 **''

Elphidium carteri ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **''

Elphidium cercadense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bermúdez, 1949 **''

Elphidium chapmani ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium charlottense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Vella, 1957) **''

Elphidium cherifi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Anan, 2010 **''

Elphidium chilenum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd & Kniker, 1952 **''

Elphidium clarki ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Graham, 1950 **'' Elphidium clavatum'' Cushman Em. Loeblich & Tappan, 1953 **''

Elphidium cochense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1981 **''

Elphidium collinsi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **'' Elphidium colomboense'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium colomi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Ferrer, 1971 **'' Elphidium complanatum'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **''

Elphidium compressulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Copeland, 1964 **'' Elphidium concinnum'' Khalilov, 1957 **'' Elphidium concinnum'' Nicol, 1944 **'' Elphidium consociatum'' Khalilov, 1957 **''

Elphidium costiferum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Terquem, 1882) **''

Elphidium crassatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **'' Elphidium crassimargo'' Shchedrina, 1984 **'' Elphidium craticulatum'' (Fichtel & Moll, 1798) **'' Elphidium crespinae'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium crispum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **'' Elphidium cristobalense'' McCulloch, 1981 **''

Elphidium cubaguaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1981 **'' Elphidium culebrense'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium cuvillieri ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Levy, 1966 **''

Elphidium cynicalis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Jennings, 1936 **''

Elphidium decipiens ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (O.G.Costa, 1856) **'' Elphidium decorum'' Qiu & Lin, 1978 **''

Elphidium deferrariisi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Malumián, 1990 **''

Elphidium delicatulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bermúdez, 1949 **'' Elphidium discoidale'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **'' Elphidium dominicense'' Bermúdez, 1949 **''

Elphidium dopperti ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Daniels, 2001 **'' Elphidium duzdagicum'' Pronina, 1964 **'' Elphidium earlandi'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium echinus ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Serova, 1955 **'' Elphidium elegans'' Serova, 1955 **'' Elphidium elegantum'' (Hofker, 1976) **''

Elphidium ellisi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Weiss, 1954 **''

Elphidium eocenicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & Ellisor, 1931 **'' Elphidium excubitor'' Nicol, 1944 **''

Elphidium exoticum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Haynes, 1973 **'' Elphidium ezoense'' Asano, 1937 **'' Elphidium fastigiatum'' Cushman, 1945 **''

Elphidium fax ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nicol, 1944 **''

Elphidium fedorowi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bogdanovich, 1960 **''

Elphidium felsense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Papp, 1963 **''

Elphidium ferrentegranulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **''

Elphidium fichtelianum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **''

Elphidium fijiense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **'' Elphidium fimbriatulum'' (Cushman, 1918) **'' Elphidium fissurisuturalum'' Wang, He & Lu, 1988 **'' Elphidium flexuosum'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **'' Elphidium florentinae'' Shupack, 1934 **''

Elphidium formosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd, 1957 **'' Elphidium friedbergi'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium frigidum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1933 **''

Elphidium frizzelli ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Miller, 1953 **'' Elphidium galvestonense'' Kornfeld, 1931 **''

Elphidium georgianum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1935 **'' Elphidium georgium'' Venglinsky, 1958 **''

Elphidium gibsoni ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1979 **'' Elphidium glabratum'' Cushman, 1939 **''

Elphidium granatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Gudina, 1964 **''

Elphidium granti ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Kleinpell, 1938 **'' Elphidium granulosum'' (Sidebottom, 1909) **''

Elphidium grimensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Quilty, 1980 **'' Elphidium groenlandicum'' Cushman, 1933 **''

Elphidium guraboense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bermúdez, 1949 **''

Elphidium haagensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' van Voorthuysen, 1950 **'' Elphidium hadleyana'' Smitter, 1955 **''

Elphidium halickii ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Brodniewicz, 1972 **''

Elphidium hallandense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Brotzen, 1943 **''

Elphidium hampdenense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Finlay, 1939 **'' Elphidium hauerinum'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **'' Elphidium hawkesburyense'' (Albani, 1974) **'' Elphidium helenae'' Quilty, 1980 **''

Elphidium hiltermanni ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hagn, 1952 **'' Elphidium hispidulum'' Cushman, 1936 **'' Elphidium hokkaidoense'' Asano, 1950 **'' Elphidium hornibrooki'' Srinivasan, 1966 **'' Elphidium howchini'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium hughesi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & Grant, 1927 **''

Elphidium humboldtensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Haller, 1980 **'' Elphidium hungaricum'' Korecz-Laky, 1967 **'' Elphidium hyalocostatum'' Todd, 1957 **'' Elphidium ibericum'' (Schrodt, 1890) **'' Elphidium icenorum'' Macfadyen, 1939 **''

Elphidium inchonense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Mcculloch, 1977 **'' Elphidium inclarum'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **''

Elphidium indicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **'' Elphidium infrajuliense'' Bertels, 1977 **''

Elphidium ingressans ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Dorreen, 1948 **''

Elphidium inopinatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Khalilov, 1957 **'' Elphidium iojimaense'' Asano & Murata, 1958 **''

Elphidium iranicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Yassini & Ghahreman, 1977) **'' Elphidium ishikariense'' Kaiho, 1984 **'' Elphidium izumoense'' Nomura, 1990 **''

Elphidium javanum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Yabe & Asano, 1937 **''

Elphidium jiani ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Lei & Li, 2016 **'' Elphidium johnstonae'' Mclean, 1956 **'' Elphidium joukovi'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium kadilnicovi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Semenov & Semenova, 1980 **''

Elphidium kaicherae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Mclean, 1956 **'' Elphidium kaneharai'' Ishiwada, 1958 **''

Elphidium kanoum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1979 **''

Elphidium karenae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asbjornsdottir, 1994 **''

Elphidium karpaticum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Myatlyuk, 1950 **'' Elphidium kazmakrisense'' Mamedova, 1966 **'' Elphidium kerguelenense'' Parr, 1950 **'' Elphidium kobense'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium koberi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Tollmann, 1955 **''

Elphidium koeboeense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' LeRoy, 1939 **'' Elphidium kozlowskii'' Brodniewicz, 1965 **'' Elphidium kudakoense'' Bogdanovich, 1947 **'' Elphidium kusiroense'' Asano, 1938 **'' Elphidium laeve'' (d'Orbigny in Parker, Jones & Brady, 1865) **'' Elphidium lagunense'' (Albani & Balbero, 1982) **''

Elphidium laloviensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Venglinsky, 1948 **'' Elphidium lanieri'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **'' Elphidium latidorsatum'' (Reuss, 1864) **'' Elphidium latispatium'' Poag, 1966 **'' Elphidium latusovum'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **''

Elphidium lauritaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd & Kniker, 1952 **'' Elphidium lautenschlaegeri'' Voloshinova, 1952 **''

Elphidium lene ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & McCulloch, 1940 **'' Elphidium lens'' Galloway & Heminway, 1941 **''

Elphidium leonensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Applin & Jordan, 1945 **''

Elphidium lessonii ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **''

Elphidium ligatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **'' Elphidium limatulum'' Copeland, 1964 **''

Elphidium limpidum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Ho, Hu & Wang, 1965 **''

Elphidium lobatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Galloway & Heminway, 1941 **''

Elphidium ludbrookae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bhalla & Dev, 1988 **''

Elphidium mabutii ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1962 **'' Elphidium macellum'' (Fichtel & Moll, 1798) **'' Elphidium maioricense'' Colom, 1942 **''

Elphidium manibulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Khalilov, 1957 **''

Elphidium maorium ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 **'' Elphidium margaritaceum'' Cushman, 1930 **'' Elphidium marshallana'' Todd & Post, 1954 **'' Elphidium matagordanum'' (Kornfeld, 1931) **''

Elphidium matanginuiense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 **'' Elphidium matauraense'' Hayward, 1997 **''

Elphidium matsuense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nomura, 1990 **'' Elphidium matsukawauraense'' Takayanagi, 1955 **'' Elphidium mawsoni'' Parr, 1950 **''

Elphidium mexicanum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Kornfeld, 1931 **'' Elphidium microelegans'' Serova, 1955 **'' Elphidium microgranulosum'' Galloway & Wissler, 1951 **'' Elphidium miikense'' Murata, 1961 **'' Elphidium millettiforme'' McCulloch, 1977 **'' Elphidium minutum'' (Reuss, 1865) **'' Elphidium mirandum'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **'' Elphidium mironovi'' Voloshinova, 1952 **'' Elphidium morenoi'' Bermúdez, 1935 **'' Elphidium mortonbayense'' Albani & Yassini, 1993 **'' Elphidium multacamerum'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **''

Elphidium mundulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd & Low, 1960 **'' Elphidium musselroeensis'' Quilty, 1980 **''

Elphidium nagaoi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1938 **'' Elphidium nakanokawaense'' Shirai, 1960 **'' Elphidium nataliae'' Popescu, 1995 **'' Elphidium nautiloideum'' Galloway & Heminway, 1941 **''

Elphidium neocrespinae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Gibson, 1983 **'' Elphidium neosimplex'' McCulloch, 1977 **'' Elphidium nigarense'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium nipeense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Keijzer, 1945 **'' Elphidium noniformis'' Gerke in Voloshinova & Dain, 1952 **''

Elphidium nonioniformis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Smigielska, 1957 **'' Elphidium norvangi'' Buzas, Smith & Beem, 1977 **'' Elphidium notabilis'' Pishvanova, 1958 **''

Elphidium novozealandicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium obtusum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **'' Elphidium oceanense'' (d'Orbigny in Fornasini, 1904) **''

Elphidium oceanicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1933 **''

Elphidium oligocenicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Khalilov, 1951 **''

Elphidium ombetsuense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1962 **''

Elphidium omotoensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Dorreen, 1948 **''

Elphidium omuraense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Shuto, 1953 **'' Elphidium onerosum'' Bogdanovich, 1960 **''

Elphidium orientale ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Voloshinova, 1952 **''

Elphidium owenianum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **''

Elphidium ozawai ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Uchio, 1951 **''

Elphidium panamense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **'' Elphidium papillosum'' Cushman, 1936 **'' Elphidium paraense'' Petri, 1954 **''

Elphidium paraskevaidisi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Christodoulou, 1960 **'' Elphidium parviforme'' McCulloch, 1981 **''

Elphidium parvulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Aoki, 1968 **'' Elphidium parvum'' Zheng, 1980 **'' Elphidium parvus'' Eremeeva, 1961 **'' Elphidium patagonicum'' Todd & Kniker, 1952 **''

Elphidium perforatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nomura, 1990 **'' Elphidium perscitum'' Serova, 1955 **'' Elphidium philippense'' Hayward, 1997 **''

Elphidium phillipense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **'' Elphidium pilasense'' McCulloch, 1977 **'' Elphidium planiforme'' McCulloch, 1981 **''

Elphidium planulatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) **''

Elphidium planum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Husezima & Maruhasi, 1944 **''

Elphidium podolicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Serova, 1955 **'' Elphidium ponticum'' (Dolgopolskaya & Pauli, 1931) **'' Elphidium primum'' Ten Dam, 1944 **''

Elphidium pseudoinflatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **'' Elphidium pseudolessonii'' Ten Dam & Reinhold, 1941 **'' Elphidium pseudonodosum'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium puertoricense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Galloway & Heminway, 1941 **''

Elphidium pulvereum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd, 1958 **''

Elphidium punctatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Terquem, 1878) **''

Elphidium puscharovski ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Serova, 1955 **'' Elphidium pusillogranosum'' Venglinsky, 1958 **''

Elphidium pustulisuturale ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Wang & Cheng, 1981 **'' Elphidium pustulosum'' Cushman & McCulloch, 1940 **'' Elphidium rarum'' Husezima & Maruhasi, 1944 **'' Elphidium rasshamali'' Haque, 1970 **'' Elphidium reginum'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **''

Elphidium reticulosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1933 **'' Elphidium rioturbiense'' Malumián, 1994 **'' Elphidium rischtanicum'' Bykova, 1939 **'' Elphidium rolshauseni'' Cushman & Ellisor, 1939 **'' Elphidium rota'' Ellis, 1939 **''

Elphidium rotatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Howchin & Parr, 1938 **'' Elphidium rugosum'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **'' Elphidium rugulosum'' Cushman & Wickenden, 1929 **'' Elphidium rutteni'' Hermes, 1945 **'' Elphidium saginatum'' Finlay, 1939 **''

Elphidium sagrum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **''

Elphidium saitoi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano & Murata, 1958 **''

Elphidium salebrosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Serova, 1955 **'' Elphidium samueli'' Zlinská, 1993 **''

Elphidium sandiegoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Lankford, 1973) **'' Elphidium sandongensis'' He & Hu, 1978 **'' Elphidium schencki'' Cushman & Dusenbury, 1934 **'' Elphidium schreiteri'' Eichenberg, 1935 **''

Elphidium semiinvolutum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Myatlyuk, 1956 **''

Elphidium semistriatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1852) **''

Elphidium sendaiense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Takayanagi, 1950 **'' Elphidium seranense'' Valk, 1945 **''

Elphidium seymourense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium shochinae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Mayer, 1968 **'' Elphidium silvestrii'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **'' Elphidium simaense'' Makiyama & Nakagawa, 1941 **''

Elphidium simulatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1977 **'' Elphidium singaporense'' McCulloch, 1977 **'' Elphidium skyringense'' Todd & Kniker, 1952 **'' Elphidium smithi'' Cushman & Dusenbury, 1934 **'' Elphidium somaense'' Takayanagi, 1955 **''

Elphidium spinatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & Valentine, 1930 **'' Elphidium stebnicaensis'' Pishvanova, 1964 **'' Elphidium stellans'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **'' Elphidium stelliferum'' Khalilov, 1957 **''

Elphidium stimulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & McCulloch, 1940 **''

Elphidium strattoni ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Applin, 1925) **'' Elphidium striatopunctatum'' (Fichtel & Moll, 1798) **'' Elphidium subcarinatum'' (Egger, 1857) **''

Elphidium subcrispum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nakamura, 1937 **'' Elphidium subfichtelianum'' Mamedova, 1966 **'' Elphidium subincertum'' Asano, 1950 **'' Elphidium subinflatum'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium subnodosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Münster, 1838) **'' Elphidium subrotatum'' Hornibrook, 1961 **'' Elphidium subsphaericum'' Cushman & Hedberg, 1930 **'' Elphidium sumitomoi'' Asano & Murata, 1958 **''

Elphidium suzukii ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Husezima & Maruhasi, 1944 **'' Elphidium taiwanum'' Nakamura, 1937 **'' Elphidium tengiense'' Mamedova, 1966 **'' Elphidium terquemianum'' Le Calvez, 1950 **'' Elphidium tikutoensis'' Nakamura, 1937 **'' Elphidium toddae'' Petri, 1955 **''

Elphidium tongaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Cushman, 1931) **'' Elphidium transcarpaticum'' Venglinsky, 1948 **''

Elphidium translucens ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Natland, 1938 **''

Elphidium tropicale ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Petri, 1954 **''

Elphidium tsudai ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Chiji & Nakaseko, 1950 **'' Elphidium tumidum'' Natland, 1938 **''

Elphidium twiggsanum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1945 **'' Elphidium ukrainicum'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **'' Elphidium ustilatum'' Todd, 1957 **''

Elphidium vavauense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **''

Elphidium vellai ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 **'' Elphidium venetum'' (Albani, Favero & Serandrei Barbero, 1991) **''

Elphidium vitreum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Collins, 1974 **''

Elphidium voorthuyseni ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Haake, 1962 **'' Elphidium vulgare'' Voloshinova, 1952 **''

Elphidium waddense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' van Voorthuysen, 1975 **'' Elphidium wadeae'' (Hornibrook, 1961) **'' Elphidium wakkanabense'' Kaiho, 1992 **''

Elphidium williamsoni ''Elphidium williamsoni'' is a species of foraminiferans belonging to the family Elphidiidae. ''Elphidium williamsoni'' is found in abundance around the coasts of the UK, predominantly in the lower end of the coast. See also * List of prehistor ...

'' Haynes, 1973 **'' Elphidium wordeni'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium yumotoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1949 **''

Elphidium zeivensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Khalilov, 1957

References

* Loeblich and

Helen Tappan Helen may refer to: People * Helen of Troy, in Greek mythology, the most beautiful woman in the world * Helen (actress) (born 1938), Indian actress * Helen (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) Places * Helen, G ...

, 1964. Sarcodina Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part C Protista 2. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press. * _____ 1988. Forminiferal Genera and their Classification. E-boo

:'' For illustrations see''
ElphidiumWorld Modern Foraminifera Database

Description

Life cycle

Subdivisions

References

Further reading