''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of

foraminifera Foraminifera (; Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class of amoeboid protists characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm for catching food and other uses; and commonly ...

. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams,

fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

s from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of the species within this genus is disputed due to the high variability of some species.

Description

''Elphidium'' is generally around 1 mm in size. The

test Test(s), testing, or TEST may refer to: * Test (assessment), an educational assessment intended to measure the respondents' knowledge or other abilities Arts and entertainment * ''Test'' (2013 film), an American film * ''Test'' (2014 film), ...

is spiral-shaped, and can be red, orange, or brown. This shell is made up of calcium carbonate. Species of this genus have seven to twenty chambers in the final whorl, and may have an umbilical plug on each side. In some species the rim is sharp, while in others it is more rounded. Another distinctive feature is the retral processes (small backward extensions of the chamber walls) that cross the sutures, giving some the appearance of tiny rolled up glass baskets. ''Elphidium'' crawls using a type of

pseudopod A pseudopod or pseudopodium (plural: pseudopods or pseudopodia) is a temporary arm-like projection of a eukaryotic cell membrane that is emerged in the direction of movement. Filled with cytoplasm, pseudopodia primarily consist of actin filament ...

called reticulopodia.

Life cycle

''Elphidium'' shows dimorphism with alternating generations. The complete cycle for ''Elphidium crispum'' takes two years in the shallower marine regions, although it may be delayed at deeper stations.

Asexual reproduction Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. The offspring that arise by asexual reproduction from either unicellular or multicellular organisms inherit the ...

reaches a peak in spring of the first year. Sexual reproduction begins early in the second spring as temperatures begin to rise. The gametes conjugate outside in open sea to produce zygotes and the B form then develops and matures during the second summer. Lister (1895) observed ''Elphidium'' in two different forms as megalospheric form (sexual form) and microsperic form (asexual form). The megalosperic form was developed from the microsperic form. The

gamete A gamete (; , ultimately ) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually. Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells, also referred to as sex cells. In species that produce ...

s which gives rise to microspheric form by

syngamy Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a new individual organism or offspring and initiate its development. Pro ...

. ''Elphidium'' exhibits an alternation of generation in its life cycle. The megalosperic forms alternates with microspheric forms. The microspheric forms are developed by the conjugation or syngamy. It means there is always an alternations of asexual (microspheric) and sexual (megalospheric) generation in ''Elphidium''. The microspheric form reproduces asexually by fission to produce a number of amoebulae. The inner

cytoplasm In cell biology, the cytoplasm is all of the material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. ...

mass containing several nuclei creeps out of the shell and remains as a lump around it. A small amount of cytoplasm collects around each nucleus. As a result, a large number of amoeboid cells are formed. Each amoebula secretes the proloculum, formsrhizopodia, then it grows and forms other chambers of the shell to become a megalospheric forms. The megalospheric form reproduces sexually by syngamy or conjugation. During sexual reproduction in megalospheric forms, nucleus first breaks up into many small nuclei and the cytoplasm collects around each of these nuclei. The nuclei divide twice giving rise to a large haploid and known as isogametes. Isogametes of two different individuals fuse in pairs to form zygotes. These are then develops into microspheric form. The life cycle of ''Elphidium'' may be summarized as follows: the microspheric forms produce amoebulae by asexual fission which develops into megalospheric forms. The megalospheric forms produce flagellated isogametes which after syngamy produce zygotes that develop into microspheric forms. Thus, its life cycle clearly exhibits the phenomenon of alternations of asexual microspheric generations with sexual megalospheric generations.

Subdivisions

*Subgenus ''

Elphidium (Parrellina) ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Carter, 1958 **'' Elphidium (Parrellina) centrifugalis'' Carter, 1958 *Subgenus ''

Elphidium (Polystomella) ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Heron-Allen & Earland, 1932 *''Elphidium'' ''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

'' **''

Elphidium abyssicola ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Ishiwada, 1964 **''

Elphidium aculeatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **''

Elphidium adelaidense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Howchin & Parr, 1938 **''

Elphidium advenum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Cushman, 1922) **''

Elphidium africanum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' LeRoy, 1953 **'' Elphidium aguafrescaense'' Todd & Kniker, 1952 **'' Elphidium alaskense'' Cushman & Todd, 1947 **'' Elphidium albanii'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **'' Elphidium alvarezianum'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **''

Elphidium ancestrum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Le Calvez, 1950 **''

Elphidium argenteum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Parr, 1945 **''

Elphidium armenium ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Saakyan-Gezalyan, 1957 **''

Elphidium articulatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **''

Elphidium asagaiense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1949 **'' Elphidium asanoi'' Kaiho, 1984 **'' Elphidium asanoi'' Matsunaga, 1963 **''

Elphidium asiaticum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Polski, 1959 **''

Elphidium asklundi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Brotzen, 1943 **''

Elphidium australis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & Parker, 1931 **''

Elphidium azerbaidjanicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Mamedova, 1966 **''

Elphidium aznaburticum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Pronina, 1964 **'' Elphidium bartletti'' Cushman, 1933 **''

Elphidium batavum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hofker, 1968 **''

Elphidium batialis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Saidova, 1961 **''

Elphidium bhattacharyai ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Jauhri, 1994 **''

Elphidium biperforatus ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Whittaker & Hodgkinson, 1979) **''

Elphidium bogdanowiczi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Pronina, 1964 **''

Elphidium bosoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Fujita, 1956 **''

Elphidium botaniense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Albani, 1981 **''

Elphidium brooklynense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Shupack, 1934 **''

Elphidium californicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cook Ms., 1959 **''

Elphidium capelavelaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1981 **''

Elphidium carenerosensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bermúdez & Fuenmayor, 1966 **''

Elphidium cariacoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bermúdez & Seiglie, 1963 **''

Elphidium carpentariaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Albani & Yassini, 1993 **'' Elphidium carteri'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **''

Elphidium cercadense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bermúdez, 1949 **'' Elphidium chapmani'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium charlottense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Vella, 1957) **'' Elphidium cherifi'' Anan, 2010 **''

Elphidium chilenum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd & Kniker, 1952 **'' Elphidium clarki'' Graham, 1950 **''

Elphidium clavatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman Em. Loeblich & Tappan, 1953 **''

Elphidium cochense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1981 **''

Elphidium collinsi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **''

Elphidium colomboense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium colomi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Ferrer, 1971 **''

Elphidium complanatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **'' Elphidium compressulum'' Copeland, 1964 **''

Elphidium concinnum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Khalilov, 1957 **''

'' Nicol, 1944 **''

Elphidium consociatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Khalilov, 1957 **''

Elphidium costiferum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Terquem, 1882) **''

Elphidium crassatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium crassimargo ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Shchedrina, 1984 **''

Elphidium craticulatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Fichtel & Moll, 1798) **''

Elphidium crespinae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium crispum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **''

Elphidium cristobalense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1981 **''

Elphidium cubaguaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1981 **''

Elphidium culebrense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium cuvillieri ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Levy, 1966 **''

Elphidium cynicalis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Jennings, 1936 **'' Elphidium decipiens'' (O.G.Costa, 1856) **''

Elphidium decorum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Qiu & Lin, 1978 **''

Elphidium deferrariisi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Malumián, 1990 **''

Elphidium delicatulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bermúdez, 1949 **''

Elphidium discoidale ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **''

Elphidium dominicense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bermúdez, 1949 **''

Elphidium dopperti ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Daniels, 2001 **''

Elphidium duzdagicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Pronina, 1964 **'' Elphidium earlandi'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium echinus ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium elegans ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium elegantum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Hofker, 1976) **'' Elphidium ellisi'' Weiss, 1954 **''

Elphidium eocenicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & Ellisor, 1931 **''

Elphidium excubitor ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nicol, 1944 **''

Elphidium exoticum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Haynes, 1973 **''

Elphidium ezoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1937 **''

Elphidium fastigiatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1945 **''

Elphidium fax ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nicol, 1944 **''

Elphidium fedorowi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bogdanovich, 1960 **''

Elphidium felsense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Papp, 1963 **''

Elphidium ferrentegranulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **''

Elphidium fichtelianum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **''

Elphidium fijiense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **''

Elphidium fimbriatulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Cushman, 1918) **''

Elphidium fissurisuturalum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Wang, He & Lu, 1988 **''

Elphidium flexuosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **''

Elphidium florentinae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Shupack, 1934 **''

Elphidium formosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd, 1957 **''

Elphidium friedbergi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Serova, 1955 **'' Elphidium frigidum'' Cushman, 1933 **''

Elphidium frizzelli ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Miller, 1953 **''

Elphidium galvestonense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Kornfeld, 1931 **''

Elphidium georgianum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1935 **''

Elphidium georgium ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Venglinsky, 1958 **'' Elphidium gibsoni'' Hayward, 1979 **''

Elphidium glabratum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1939 **'' Elphidium granatum'' Gudina, 1964 **''

Elphidium granti ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Kleinpell, 1938 **'' Elphidium granulosum'' (Sidebottom, 1909) **''

Elphidium grimensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Quilty, 1980 **'' Elphidium groenlandicum'' Cushman, 1933 **''

Elphidium guraboense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bermúdez, 1949 **''

Elphidium haagensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' van Voorthuysen, 1950 **''

Elphidium hadleyana ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Smitter, 1955 **''

Elphidium halickii ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Brodniewicz, 1972 **''

Elphidium hallandense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Brotzen, 1943 **''

Elphidium hampdenense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Finlay, 1939 **''

Elphidium hauerinum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **''

Elphidium hawkesburyense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Albani, 1974) **''

Elphidium helenae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Quilty, 1980 **''

Elphidium hiltermanni ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hagn, 1952 **''

Elphidium hispidulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium hokkaidoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1950 **'' Elphidium hornibrooki'' Srinivasan, 1966 **''

Elphidium howchini ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium hughesi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & Grant, 1927 **''

Elphidium humboldtensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Haller, 1980 **'' Elphidium hungaricum'' Korecz-Laky, 1967 **''

Elphidium hyalocostatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd, 1957 **''

Elphidium ibericum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Schrodt, 1890) **''

Elphidium icenorum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Macfadyen, 1939 **''

Elphidium inchonense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Mcculloch, 1977 **'' Elphidium inclarum'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **''

Elphidium indicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium infrajuliense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bertels, 1977 **'' Elphidium ingressans'' Dorreen, 1948 **''

Elphidium inopinatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Khalilov, 1957 **''

Elphidium iojimaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano & Murata, 1958 **'' Elphidium iranicum'' (Yassini & Ghahreman, 1977) **''

Elphidium ishikariense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Kaiho, 1984 **''

Elphidium izumoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nomura, 1990 **'' Elphidium javanum'' Yabe & Asano, 1937 **''

Elphidium jiani ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Lei & Li, 2016 **''

Elphidium johnstonae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Mclean, 1956 **''

Elphidium joukovi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium kadilnicovi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Semenov & Semenova, 1980 **'' Elphidium kaicherae'' Mclean, 1956 **''

Elphidium kaneharai ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Ishiwada, 1958 **''

Elphidium kanoum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1979 **''

Elphidium karenae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asbjornsdottir, 1994 **''

Elphidium karpaticum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Myatlyuk, 1950 **''

Elphidium kazmakrisense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Mamedova, 1966 **''

Elphidium kerguelenense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Parr, 1950 **''

Elphidium kobense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium koberi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Tollmann, 1955 **''

Elphidium koeboeense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' LeRoy, 1939 **''

Elphidium kozlowskii ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Brodniewicz, 1965 **''

Elphidium kudakoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bogdanovich, 1947 **''

Elphidium kusiroense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1938 **''

Elphidium laeve ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny in Parker, Jones & Brady, 1865) **''

Elphidium lagunense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Albani & Balbero, 1982) **''

Elphidium laloviensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Venglinsky, 1948 **''

Elphidium lanieri ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **'' Elphidium latidorsatum'' (Reuss, 1864) **''

Elphidium latispatium ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Poag, 1966 **''

Elphidium latusovum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **''

Elphidium lauritaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd & Kniker, 1952 **''

Elphidium lautenschlaegeri ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Voloshinova, 1952 **''

Elphidium lene ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & McCulloch, 1940 **''

Elphidium lens ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Galloway & Heminway, 1941 **''

Elphidium leonensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Applin & Jordan, 1945 **''

Elphidium lessonii ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **''

Elphidium ligatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **'' Elphidium limatulum'' Copeland, 1964 **'' Elphidium limpidum'' Ho, Hu & Wang, 1965 **''

Elphidium lobatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Galloway & Heminway, 1941 **''

Elphidium ludbrookae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bhalla & Dev, 1988 **''

Elphidium mabutii ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1962 **''

Elphidium macellum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Fichtel & Moll, 1798) **'' Elphidium maioricense'' Colom, 1942 **''

Elphidium manibulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Khalilov, 1957 **''

Elphidium maorium ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 **'' Elphidium margaritaceum'' Cushman, 1930 **''

Elphidium marshallana ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd & Post, 1954 **''

Elphidium matagordanum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Kornfeld, 1931) **''

Elphidium matanginuiense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 **''

Elphidium matauraense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 **''

Elphidium matsuense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nomura, 1990 **''

Elphidium matsukawauraense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Takayanagi, 1955 **''

Elphidium mawsoni ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Parr, 1950 **''

Elphidium mexicanum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Kornfeld, 1931 **''

Elphidium microelegans ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium microgranulosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Galloway & Wissler, 1951 **''

Elphidium miikense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Murata, 1961 **'' Elphidium millettiforme'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium minutum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Reuss, 1865) **''

Elphidium mirandum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **''

Elphidium mironovi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Voloshinova, 1952 **''

Elphidium morenoi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bermúdez, 1935 **'' Elphidium mortonbayense'' Albani & Yassini, 1993 **''

Elphidium multacamerum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **''

Elphidium mundulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd & Low, 1960 **''

Elphidium musselroeensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Quilty, 1980 **''

Elphidium nagaoi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1938 **''

Elphidium nakanokawaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Shirai, 1960 **''

Elphidium nataliae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Popescu, 1995 **''

Elphidium nautiloideum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Galloway & Heminway, 1941 **''

Elphidium neocrespinae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Gibson, 1983 **''

Elphidium neosimplex ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium nigarense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium nipeense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Keijzer, 1945 **''

Elphidium noniformis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Gerke in Voloshinova & Dain, 1952 **''

Elphidium nonioniformis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Smigielska, 1957 **'' Elphidium norvangi'' Buzas, Smith & Beem, 1977 **''

Elphidium notabilis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Pishvanova, 1958 **''

Elphidium novozealandicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium obtusum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **''

Elphidium oceanense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny in Fornasini, 1904) **''

Elphidium oceanicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1933 **'' Elphidium oligocenicum'' Khalilov, 1951 **''

Elphidium ombetsuense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1962 **''

Elphidium omotoensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Dorreen, 1948 **''

Elphidium omuraense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Shuto, 1953 **''

Elphidium onerosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bogdanovich, 1960 **''

Elphidium orientale ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Voloshinova, 1952 **'' Elphidium owenianum'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **'' Elphidium ozawai'' Uchio, 1951 **''

Elphidium panamense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium papillosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium paraense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Petri, 1954 **''

Elphidium paraskevaidisi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Christodoulou, 1960 **''

Elphidium parviforme ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1981 **''

Elphidium parvulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Aoki, 1968 **''

Elphidium parvum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Zheng, 1980 **''

Elphidium parvus ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Eremeeva, 1961 **''

Elphidium patagonicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd & Kniker, 1952 **''

Elphidium perforatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nomura, 1990 **''

Elphidium perscitum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium philippense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 **''

Elphidium phillipense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **''

Elphidium pilasense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1977 **'' Elphidium planiforme'' McCulloch, 1981 **''

Elphidium planulatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) **''

Elphidium planum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Husezima & Maruhasi, 1944 **''

Elphidium podolicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Serova, 1955 **'' Elphidium ponticum'' (Dolgopolskaya & Pauli, 1931) **''

Elphidium primum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Ten Dam, 1944 **''

Elphidium pseudoinflatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium pseudolessonii ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Ten Dam & Reinhold, 1941 **''

Elphidium pseudonodosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **'' Elphidium puertoricense'' Galloway & Heminway, 1941 **'' Elphidium pulvereum'' Todd, 1958 **''

Elphidium punctatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Terquem, 1878) **''

Elphidium puscharovski ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium pusillogranosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Venglinsky, 1958 **''

Elphidium pustulisuturale ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Wang & Cheng, 1981 **'' Elphidium pustulosum'' Cushman & McCulloch, 1940 **''

Elphidium rarum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Husezima & Maruhasi, 1944 **'' Elphidium rasshamali'' Haque, 1970 **''

Elphidium reginum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **''

Elphidium reticulosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1933 **''

Elphidium rioturbiense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Malumián, 1994 **''

Elphidium rischtanicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bykova, 1939 **'' Elphidium rolshauseni'' Cushman & Ellisor, 1939 **''

Elphidium rota ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Ellis, 1939 **'' Elphidium rotatum'' Howchin & Parr, 1938 **'' Elphidium rugosum'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **''

Elphidium rugulosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & Wickenden, 1929 **''

Elphidium rutteni ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hermes, 1945 **''

Elphidium saginatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Finlay, 1939 **''

Elphidium sagrum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **''

Elphidium saitoi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano & Murata, 1958 **'' Elphidium salebrosum'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium samueli ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Zlinská, 1993 **'' Elphidium sandiegoense'' (Lankford, 1973) **''

Elphidium sandongensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' He & Hu, 1978 **'' Elphidium schencki'' Cushman & Dusenbury, 1934 **'' Elphidium schreiteri'' Eichenberg, 1935 **'' Elphidium semiinvolutum'' Myatlyuk, 1956 **'' Elphidium semistriatum'' (d'Orbigny, 1852) **'' Elphidium sendaiense'' Takayanagi, 1950 **'' Elphidium seranense'' Valk, 1945 **'' Elphidium seymourense'' McCulloch, 1977 **'' Elphidium shochinae'' Mayer, 1968 **'' Elphidium silvestrii'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **'' Elphidium simaense'' Makiyama & Nakagawa, 1941 **'' Elphidium simulatum'' McCulloch, 1977 **'' Elphidium singaporense'' McCulloch, 1977 **'' Elphidium skyringense'' Todd & Kniker, 1952 **'' Elphidium smithi'' Cushman & Dusenbury, 1934 **'' Elphidium somaense'' Takayanagi, 1955 **'' Elphidium spinatum'' Cushman & Valentine, 1930 **'' Elphidium stebnicaensis'' Pishvanova, 1964 **'' Elphidium stellans'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **'' Elphidium stelliferum'' Khalilov, 1957 **'' Elphidium stimulum'' Cushman & McCulloch, 1940 **'' Elphidium strattoni'' (Applin, 1925) **'' Elphidium striatopunctatum'' (Fichtel & Moll, 1798) **'' Elphidium subcarinatum'' (Egger, 1857) **'' Elphidium subcrispum'' Nakamura, 1937 **'' Elphidium subfichtelianum'' Mamedova, 1966 **'' Elphidium subincertum'' Asano, 1950 **'' Elphidium subinflatum'' Cushman, 1936 **'' Elphidium subnodosum'' (Münster, 1838) **'' Elphidium subrotatum'' Hornibrook, 1961 **'' Elphidium subsphaericum'' Cushman & Hedberg, 1930 **'' Elphidium sumitomoi'' Asano & Murata, 1958 **'' Elphidium suzukii'' Husezima & Maruhasi, 1944 **'' Elphidium taiwanum'' Nakamura, 1937 **'' Elphidium tengiense'' Mamedova, 1966 **'' Elphidium terquemianum'' Le Calvez, 1950 **'' Elphidium tikutoensis'' Nakamura, 1937 **'' Elphidium toddae'' Petri, 1955 **'' Elphidium tongaense'' (Cushman, 1931) **'' Elphidium transcarpaticum'' Venglinsky, 1948 **'' Elphidium translucens'' Natland, 1938 **'' Elphidium tropicale'' Petri, 1954 **'' Elphidium tsudai'' Chiji & Nakaseko, 1950 **'' Elphidium tumidum'' Natland, 1938 **'' Elphidium twiggsanum'' Cushman, 1945 **'' Elphidium ukrainicum'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **'' Elphidium ustilatum'' Todd, 1957 **'' Elphidium vavauense'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **'' Elphidium vellai'' Hayward, 1997 **'' Elphidium venetum'' (Albani, Favero & Serandrei Barbero, 1991) **'' Elphidium vitreum'' Collins, 1974 **'' Elphidium voorthuyseni'' Haake, 1962 **'' Elphidium vulgare'' Voloshinova, 1952 **'' Elphidium waddense'' van Voorthuysen, 1975 **'' Elphidium wadeae'' (Hornibrook, 1961) **'' Elphidium wakkanabense'' Kaiho, 1992 **'' Elphidium williamsoni'' Haynes, 1973 **'' Elphidium wordeni'' McCulloch, 1977 **'' Elphidium yumotoense'' Asano, 1949 **''

Elphidium zeivensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Khalilov, 1957

References

* Loeblich and Helen Tappan, 1964. Sarcodina Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part C Protista 2. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press. * _____ 1988. Forminiferal Genera and their Classification. E-boo

:'' For illustrations see''
ElphidiumWorld Modern Foraminifera Database

Description

Life cycle

Subdivisions

References

Further reading