The Elopiformes are the

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

of ray-finned fish including the tarpons,

tenpounder The Elopidae are a family of ray-finned fish containing a single living genus ''Elops''. They are commonly known as ladyfish, skipjacks, jack-rashes, or tenpounders. The ladyfish are a coastal-dwelling fish found throughout the tropical and subt ...

s, and ladyfish, as well as a number of extinct types. They have a long fossil record, easily distinguished from other fishes by the presence of an additional set of bones in the throat. They are related to the order of eels, although the adults superficially resemble very large or giant

herring Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family of Clupeidae. Herring often move in large schools around fishing banks and near the coast, found particularly in shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, i ...

s in appearance. The larvae, however, are leptocephalic, looking very similar to those of eels.

Classification

Although many fossil forms are known, the order is relatively small today, containing just two genera and nine species: * Order Elopiformes Gosline 1960 ** Family † Anaethaliidae Gaudant 1968 naethalionidae Gaudant 1967*** Genus †''

Daitingichthys ''Daitingichthys'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Toarcian stage of the Early Jurassic The Early Jurassic Epoch (geology), Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic series (stra ...

'' Arratia 1987 *** Genus †'' Anaethalion'' White 1938 'Aethalion'' von Münster 1842 non Lepeletier & Serville 1828">Aethalion.html" ;"title="'Aethalion">'Aethalion'' von Münster 1842 non Lepeletier & Serville 1828*** Genus †''Holcolepis'' von der Marck 1868 [''Macrolepis'' von der Marck 1863 non Rafinesque 1815; ''Rhabdolepis'' von der Marck 1863 non Troschel 1857; ''Petalolepis'' Geints 1868] ** Suborder Elopoidei *** Genus †''

Antofagastaichthys ''Antofagastaichthys'' is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish that lived in what is now Chile during the Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic epoch. It contains one species, ''A. mandibularis'', which is known from several fragmentary specimens ...

'' Arratia 1986 *** Genus †'' Arratiaelops'' Taverne 1999 *** Genus †''

Coryphaenopsis ''Coryphaenopsis'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish that lived from the Turonian. See also * Prehistoric fish The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion. It was during this tim ...

'' Frič & Bayer 1902 *** Genus †'' Ctenodentelops'' Forey et al. 2003 *** Genus †''

Echinelops ''Echinelops'' is an extinct genus of elopiform ray-finned fish known from the Early Oligocene of eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It was first named by Alison M. Murray and Izzet Hoşgör in 2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, cl ...

'' Murray & Hoşgör 2012 *** Genus †'' Ectasis'' Jordan & Gilbert 1919 *** Genus †'' Elopidarum'' *** Genus †'' Elopsomolos'' Arratia 2000 *** Genus †'' Eurygnathus'' Agassiz 1845 non Blackburn 1888 non Davis 1887 non Wollaston 1854 'Esocelops'' Woodward 1901">Esocelops.html" ;"title="'Esocelops">'Esocelops'' Woodward 1901*** Genus †''Goulmimichthys'' Cavin 1995 *** Genus †''Hypsospondylus'' Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1885 *** Genus †''Irenichthys'' Jakovlev 1968 *** Genus †''Laminospondylus'' Springer 1957 *** Genus †'' Tingitanichthys'' Taverne 1996 *** Genus †'' Paraelops'' Silva Santos 1971 *** Genus †'' Ichthyemidion'' Poyato-Ariza 1995 *** Family † Protelopidae de Saint Seine 1949 **** Genus †''

Eoprotelops ''Eoprotelops'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organiza ...

'' Saint-Seine 1949 **** Genus †'' Protelops'' Laube 1885 *** Family Elopidae Bonaparte 1832/Valenciennes 1847 ( ladyfish, tenpounders) **** Genus †'' Flindersichthys'' Longman 1932 **** Genus †'' Histialosa'' Gervais 1855 **** Genus †''

Lyrolepis ''Lyrolepis'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish found in the Eocene Adaev Formation of Kazakhstan and the Pshekha Formation of Georgia. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of i ...

'' Romanowski 1886 non Rechiger 1943 **** Genus †'' Nardoelops'' Taverne & Capasso 2012 **** Genus †'' Opisthopteryx'' Pictet & Humbert 1866 **** Genus †'' Palelops'' Applegate 1970 **** Genus †'' Parasyllaemus'' **** Genus †'' Sauropsidium'' Costa 1850 'Hyptius'' Costa 1864">Hyptius.html" ;"title="'Hyptius">'Hyptius'' Costa 1864**** Genus †''Thrissopteroides'' von der Marck 1873 **** Genus †''

Davichthys ''Davichthys'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizat ...

'' Forey 1973 **** Genus †''Naiathaelon'' Poyato-Ariza & Wenz 1994 **** Genus '' Elops'' Linnaeus 1766 non Bonaparte 1831 non Commerson ex Lacépède 1801 'Helops'' Müller 1835 non Brandt & Ratzeburg 1833 non Agassiz 1846 non Browne 1789; ''Ellops">Helops.html" ;"title="'Helops">'Helops'' Müller 1835 non Brandt & Ratzeburg 1833 non Agassiz 1846 non Browne 1789; ''Ellops'' Minding 1832 non Gistel 1848; ''Alloelops'' (Nybelin 1979); ''Elops'' (''Alloelops'') Nybelin 1979; ''Elops'' (''Gularus'') Whitley 1940; ''Gularus'' (Whitley 1940); ''Mugilomorus'' Lacépède 1803; ''

Trichonotus ''Trichonotus'' is a genus of marine gobiiform fishes. Species of ''Trichonotus'' are distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific. This genus is the only member of the family Trichonotidae. Description ''Trichonotus'' species have jutting lowe ...

'' Rafinesque 1815 non Bloch & S Schneider 1801; '' Harengus'' Catesby 1771 non Geoffroy 1767 non Klein 1775 ex Walbaum 1792 non De Garsault 1764] (seven species, one of which was described in 2010) *** Family Megalopidae Jordan 1882 (Tarpons) **** Genus †''

Elopoides ''Elopoides'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizati ...

'' Wenz 1965 **** Genus †''

Paratarpon ''Paratarpon'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Campanian. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish References

Late Cretaceous fish Elopidae Fossils of Canada {{elopiformes-stub ...

'' Bardack 1970 **** Genus †''

Promegalops ''Promegalops'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the lower Eocene. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People ...

'' Casier 1966 **** Genus †''

Protarpon ''Protarpon'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the lower Eocene. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People ...

'' Forey 1973 **** Genus †''

Sedenhorstia ''Sedenhorstia'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived from the Cenomanian to Campanian. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: ...

'' White & MoyThomas 1941 'Microcoelia'' Marck 1863 non Guenee 1852 non Lindley 1830 non Agardh 1876">Microcoelia.html" ;"title="'Microcoelia">'Microcoelia'' Marck 1863 non Guenee 1852 non Lindley 1830 non Agardh 1876**** Genus †''Starrias'' Jordan 1925 **** Genus '' Megalops'' Lacépède 1803 [''Amia (genus), Amia'' Browne 1756 ex Browne 1789 non Gronow 1763 ex Gray 1854 non Meuschen 1781 non Linnaeus 1766; '' Brisbania'' de Castelnau 1878; '' Cyprinodon'' Hamilton 1822 non Lacépède 1803; ''

Oculeus ''Oculeus'' is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Cambrian Period The Cambrian Period ( ; sometimes symbolized C with bar, Ꞓ) was the first geological period of the Pale ...

'' Commerson ex Lacépède 1803; '' Tarpon'' Jordan & Evermann 1896] (two species)

Timeline of genera

ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:-251 till:10 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-251 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-251 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:mesozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:triassic value:rgb(0.51,0.17,0.57) id:earlytriassic value:rgb(0.6,0.22,0.61) id:middletriassic value:rgb(0.73,0.53,0.71) id:latetriassic value:rgb(0.78,0.65,0.8) id:jurassic value:rgb(0.2,0.7,0.79) id:earlyjurassic value:rgb(0,0.69,0.89) id:middlejurassic value:rgb(0.52,0.81,0.91) id:latejurassic value:rgb(0.74,0.89,0.97) id:cretaceous value:rgb(0.5,0.78,0.31) id:earlycretaceous value:rgb(0.63,0.78,0.65) id:latecretaceous value:rgb(0.74,0.82,0.37) id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68) id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88) BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:NAM8 bar:NAM9 bar:NAM10 bar:NAM11 bar:NAM12 bar:NAM13 bar:NAM14 bar:NAM15 bar:NAM16 bar:NAM17 bar:NAM18 bar:NAM19 bar:NAM20 bar:NAM21 bar:NAM22 bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -251 till: -245 color:earlytriassic text: Early Triassic, Early from: -245 till: -228 color:middletriassic text:

Middle Middle or The Middle may refer to: * Centre (geometry), the point equally distant from the outer limits. Places * Middle (sheading), a subdivision of the Isle of Man * Middle Bay (disambiguation) * Middle Brook (disambiguation) * Middle Creek (d ...

from: -228 till: -199.6 color:latetriassic text: Late from: -199.6 till: -175.6 color:earlyjurassic text:

Early Early may refer to: History * The beginning or oldest part of a defined historical period, as opposed to middle or late periods, e.g.: ** Early Christianity ** Early modern Europe Places in the United States * Early, Iowa * Early, Texas * Early ...

from: -175.6 till: -161.2 color:middlejurassic text:

from: -161.2 till: -145.5 color:latejurassic text: Late from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:

from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text: Late from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text: Paleo. from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text: Eo. from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text: Oligo. from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text: Mio. from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:

Pl. PL, P.L., Pl, or .pl may refer to: Businesses and organizations Government and political * Partit Laburista, a Maltese political party * Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006), a Brazilian political party * Liberal Party (Moldova), a Moldovan political p ...

from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:

from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H. bar:eratop from: -251 till: -199.6 color:triassic text: Triassic from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic text: Jurassic from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text: Cretaceous from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

Paleogene The Paleogene ( ; British English, also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period, geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million yea ...

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

Neogene The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q. PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left color:latejurassic bar:NAM1 from: -161.2 till: -155.7 text: Antofastaichthys color:latejurassic bar:NAM2 from: -161.2 till: -155.7 text:

Chongichthys ''Chongichthys'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic epoch. Fossils of the genus have been found in the Quebrada El Profeta of Chile.Eoprotelops ''Eoprotelops'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organiza ...

color:latejurassic bar:NAM4 from: -152.43 till: -138.93 text: Anaethalion color:latejurassic bar:NAM5 from: -150.8 till: -149.03 text:

Eichstaettia ''Eichstaettia'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Toarcian stage of the Early Jurassic epoch. See also * Prehistoric fish The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian ...

color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM6 from: -115.25 till: -112 text:

Notelops ''Notelops'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizatio ...

color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM7 from: -115.25 till: -70.6 text:

Osmeroides ''Osmeroides'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish from the Cretaceous. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List ( ...

color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM8 from: -112 till: -99.6 text:

Flindersicthys ''Flindersichthys'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous epoch. Description ''Flindersichthys'' was a large fish growing over 1.25 meters long and with an estimated body depth of ...

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM9 from: -99.6 till: -93.5 text:

Carsothrissops ''Carsothrissops'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish that lived during the Cenomanian. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: ...

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM10 from: -99.6 till: -83.5 text:

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM11 from: -99.6 till: -65.5 text: Ostariostoma color:latecretaceous bar:NAM12 from: -99.6 till: -97.6 text:

Protostomias ''Protostomias'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the lower Cenomanian. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: Peo ...

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM13 from: -99.6 till: -89.3 text: Protelops color:latecretaceous bar:NAM14 from: -93.5 till: -89.3 text:

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM15 from: -93.5 till: -70.6 text:

Tachynectes ''Tachynectes'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish that lived from the Turonian to the Campanian. Description ''Tachynectes'' is characterized by enlarged pectoral fins, which are supported by 11-12 fin rays and are disconnect ...

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM16 from: -85.8 till: -83.5 text: Opistopteryx color:latecretaceous bar:NAM17 from: -85.8 till: -83.5 text:

Pronotacanthus ''Pronotacanthus sahelalmae'' is an extinct spiny eel that lived in marine environments of what is now Lebanon during the Santonian. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List o ...

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM18 from: -83.5 till: -70.6 text:

Dactylopogon ''Dactylopogon'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Campanian. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish References

Late Cretaceous fish Elopiformes {{elopiformes-stub ...

color:eocene bar:NAM19 from: -55.8 till: -48.6 text:

Esocelops ''Esocelops'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the lower Eocene. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * ...

color:eocene bar:NAM20 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Elops color:eocene bar:NAM21 from: -37.2 till: -33.9 text:

color:miocene bar:NAM22 from: -11.608 till: -5.332 text: Ectasis PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 bar:period from: -251 till: -245 color:earlytriassic text: Early Triassic, Early from: -245 till: -228 color:middletriassic text:

from: -228 till: -199.6 color:latetriassic text: Late from: -199.6 till: -175.6 color:earlyjurassic text:

from: -175.6 till: -161.2 color:middlejurassic text:

from: -161.2 till: -145.5 color:latejurassic text: Late from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:

from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:

from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H. bar:era from: -251 till: -199.6 color:triassic text: Triassic from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic text: Jurassic from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text: Cretaceous from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q.

"Megalopiformes"

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from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:

from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H. bar:eratop from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text: Cretaceous from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q. PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM1 from: -103.7 till: -99.6 text:

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM2 from: -99.6 till: -70.6 text:

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM3 from: -83.5 till: -70.6 text:

Paratarpon ''Paratarpon'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Campanian. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish References

Late Cretaceous fish Elopidae Fossils of Canada {{elopiformes-stub ...

color:eocene bar:NAM4 from: -55.8 till: -48.6 text:

color:eocene bar:NAM5 from: -55.8 till: -48.6 text:

color:miocene bar:NAM6 from: -23.03 till: -5.332 text:

Broweria ''Brouweria'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish related to the modern tarpon. It was named by L.F. de Beaufort (1926) and assigned the family "Elopsidae", though later studies have placed it in the family Megalopidae. I ...

color:miocene bar:NAM7 from: -11.608 till: 0 text: Megalops PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 bar:period from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:

from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:

from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H. bar:era from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text: Cretaceous from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q.

References

External links

The inshore grand slam
Article about bonefish, ladyfish and tarpon. {{Taxonbar, from=Q755004 Ray-finned fish orders Extant Middle Jurassic first appearances