''Elma'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of air-breathing
land snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...
s,
terrestrial
Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth.
Terrestrial may also refer to:
* Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...
pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s in the family
Streptaxidae.
Taxonomy
''Elma'' was classified within the subfamily
Enneinae.
[Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C. M., Fontanilla I. & Panha S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of ''Diaphera'' Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". '']Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
The ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering zoology published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Linnean Society. The editor-in-chief is Maarten Christenhusz (Linnean Society). ...
'' 160: 1-16. . Páll-Gergely et al. (2015)
classified ''Elma'' according to the first internal anatomy research of the genus either in
Streptaxinae or in the
Gibbinae.
Distribution
The distribution of the genus ''Elma'' includes
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
, northern
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
and
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
.
Species
Species within the genus ''Elma'' include:
* ''
Elma fultoni''
(Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1912)
* ''
Elma mansuyi''
(Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1906)
* ''
Elma matskasii''
Varga, 2012
* ''
Elma messageri''
(Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1904)
* ''
Elma microstoma''
(Möllendorff, 1881)
* ''
Elma mitis''
Heude, 1890
* ''
Elma oblongata''
Yen, 1939
* ''
Elma pachygyra''
(Gredler, 1885)
* ''
Elma sinensis''
(Möllendorff, 1886)
* ''
Elma swinhoei''
(H. Adams, 1866) - type species
** ''Elma swinhoei hotawana'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1905)
* ''
Elma tonkiniana''
(Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1904)
;Synonyms:
* Subgenus ''Elma (Fultonelma)''
F. Haas, 1951 : synonym of ''Pseudelma (Fultonelma)'' ''F. Haas, 1951'' represented as ''
Pseudelma
''Pseudelma'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Enneinae of the family Streptaxidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Pseudelma Kobelt, 1904. Accessed through: World Regi ...
''
Kobelt, 1904
* ''Elma (Fultonelma) bisexigua''
F. Haas, 1951: synonym of ''Pseudelma (Fultonelma) bisexigua''
(F. Haas, 1951) represented as ''
Pseudelma bisexigua''
(F. Haas, 1951) (basionym)
* ''Elma bisexigua''
F. Haas, 1951: synonym of ''
Pseudelma bisexigua''
(F. Haas, 1951) (original combination)
References
* Bavay, A. & Dautzenberg, P., 1912. -Description de coquilles nouvelles de l'Indo-Chine. Journal de Conchyliologie 60: 1-54
* Fischer-Piette, E., 1950. Liste des types décrits dans le Journal de Conchyliologie et conservés dans la collection de ce journal (avec planches)(suite). Journal de Conchyliologie 90: 149-180
External links
Adams H. (1866). Descriptions of fifteen new species of land and freshwater shells from Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Consul at Taiwan in that island. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. (1866): 316-319 , pl. 33Varga A. (2012). On the genus Elma H. Adams, 1866 (Mollusca, Streptaxiidae). Folia Historico Naturalis Musei Matraensis. 36: 5-13
Streptaxidae
{{Streptaxidae-stub