Ellis Square (Savannah, Georgia)

Ellis Square is one of the 22 squares of Savannah, Georgia, United States. It is located in the northernmost row of the city's five rows of squares, on Barnard Street and West St. Julian Street, and was one of the first four squares laid out. Today, it marks the western end of City Market. The square is east of Franklin Square, west of Johnson Square and north of Telfair Square. The oldest building on the square is the Thomas Gibbons Range, at 102–116 West Congress Street, which dates to 1820.

Decker Square, as it was originally known, was laid out in 1733 as part of Decker Ward, the third ward created in Savannah. The ward and square were named for Sir Matthew Decker, one of the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America, Commissioner of funds collection for the Trust, director and governor of the East India Company, and member of Parliament. The square was renamed for Sir Henry Ellis, the second Royal Governor of the colony of Georgia.

It was also known as Marketplace Square, as from the 1730s through the 1950s it served as a center of commerce and was home to four successive market houses. Prior to Union General Sherman's arrival in December 1864, it was also the site of a slave marketSee Savannah
by T.D. Conner (2001), accessed June 14, 2007 with some indications of slaves being held under the northwest corner of the square. A large brick building, now known as the John Montmollin Building, was built in 1855 to house the slave market, facing south on Barnard Street.

In 1954, the city signed a 50-year lease with the Savannah Merchants Cooperative Parking Association, allowing the association to raze the existing structure and construct a parking garage to serve the City Market retail project. Anger over the demolition of the market house helped spur the historic preservation movement (most notably the Historic Savannah Foundation) in Savannah.Project for Public Spaces' ''Squares of Savannah''
accessed June 13, 2007 The outer structure of this city market building influenced the design of the Kroger grocery store on Gwinnett Street and the Publix grocery store in the Twelve Oaks shopping center on Abercorn Street.

When the garage's lease expired in 2004, the city began plans to restore Ellis Square. The old parking garage was demolished in 2006 to make way for a new public square (park) that features open spaces for public concerts, as well as an underground parking garage on Whitaker Street. The underground facility was completed and formally dedicated in January 2009.

Ellis Square officially reopened at a dedication ceremony held on March 11, 2010.

The six-story Cay Building, at 22 Barnard Street, was completed in 2012."Cay Building on Ellis Square complete"
– '' Savannah Morning News'', December 4, 2012

Markers and structures

Constituent buildings

Each building below is in one of the eight blocks around the square composed of four residential "tything" blocks and four civic ("trust") blocks, now known as the Oglethorpe Plan. They are listed with construction years where known.

;Northwestern civic/trust block
*David Dillon Building, 19 Barnard Street (1855)
* John Montmollin Warehouse, 21 Barnard Street (1855)
*Lawrence–Shaffer Building, 23–25 Barnard Street (1845)
*James McIntire Building, 222–236 West St. Julian Street (1855)
*20 Jefferson Street (1855)
*1 Jefferson Street (1893)

;Southwestern civic/trust block
*25–29 Barnard Street (1848)
*Robert McIntire Building, 222–228 West Congress Street (1890)

;Southwestern residential/tything block
*35 Barnard Street (1913)
*209 West Congress Street (1855)
*221–225 West Congress Street (1851)

;Southeastern civic/trust block
*Thomas Gibbons Range, 102–116 West Congress Street (1820)Historic Building Map: Savannah Historic District
– Historic Preservation Department of the Chatham County-Savannah Metropolitan Planning Commission (November 17, 2011), p. 7 – oldest building on the square

;Southeastern residential/tything block
*30–38 Barnard Street (1920–1930)
*Lilenthal and Kohn Store, 127 West Congress Street (1873)
*125 West Congress Street (1881)
*Lovell and Lattimore Store, 121–123 West Congress Street (1859)
*103 West Congress Street (1875)
*37 Whitaker Street (1890)

Gallery

File:Visitor Center at Ellis Square.jpg, Visitor Center
File:Thomas Gibbons Range.jpg, Thomas Gibbons Range, 102–116 West Congress Street
File:GA Savannah HD Lady and Sons01.jpg, The Lady and Sons, 102 West Congress Street, part of the Thomas Gibbons Range
File:102-104 West Congress Street (1820).jpg, 102–104 West Congress Street, part of the Thomas Gibbons Range
File:106-108-110-112-114-116 West Congress Street (1820).jpg, 106–116 West Congress Street, part of the Thomas Gibbons Range
File:30-38 Barnard Street.jpg, 30–38 Barnard Street
File:Sorry Charlie's Oyster Bar, Barnard St, Savannah GA 20160705 1.jpg, The Barnard Street elevation of the Thomas Gibbons Range
File:103 West Congress Street.jpg, 103 West Congress Street
File:David Dillon Building.jpg, David Dillon Building, 19 Barnard Street
File:Montmollin Building.jpg, John Montmollin Warehouse, 21 Barnard Street
File:Lawrence-Shaffer Building.jpg, Lawrence–Shaffer Building, 23–25 Barnard Street
File:1 Jefferson Street.jpg, 1 Jefferson Street
File:Corner of Congress and Barnard Street from Ellis Square, Savannah, Georgia.jpg, 121–123, 125 and 127 West Congress Street
File:Lovell and Lattimore Store.jpg, Isolated view of the Lovell and Lattimore Store, 121–123 West Congress Street
File:125 West Congress Street.jpg, Isolated view of 125 West Congress Street
File:127 West Congress Street.jpg, Isolated view of 127 West Congress Street
File:Robert McIntire Building.jpg, Rear view of the Robert McIntire Building, 222–228 West Congress Street, from West St. Julian Street
File:James McIntire Building.jpg, Rear view of the James McIntire Building, 222–236 West St. Julian Street, from West Bryan Street

References

{{Squares of Savannah, Georgia

Ellis Square, Savannah
1733 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies