Ella Sophia Armitage
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Ella Sophia Armitage (3 March 1841 – 20 March 1931) was an English historian and archaeologist.


Life

Armitage was born Ella Sophia Bulley in
Liverpool Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a popul ...
, the second daughter of Samuel Marshall Bulley, a cotton merchant, and Mary Rachel Raffles. In October 1871 she was one of the first students to enter
Newnham College Newnham College is a women's constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The college was founded in 1871 by a group organising Lectures for Ladies, members of which included philosopher Henry Sidgwick and suffragist campaigner Millicent ...
, Cambridge. Two of her sisters also attended Newnham, including Amy Bulley who sat the tripos.Linda Walker, ‘Bulley , (Agnes) Amy (1852–1939)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 201
accessed 22 Feb 2017
/ref> In 1874 Armitage became the college's first research student. In the same year she married the Reverend Elkanah Armitage, with whom she had two children. From 1877 to 1879 she taught history at
Owens College Owens may refer to: Places in the United States *Owens Station, Delaware *Owens Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota *Owens, Missouri *Owens, Ohio *Owens, Virginia People * Owens (surname), including a list of people with the name * Owens Bro ...
, Manchester with her sister Amy, and in 1919 was awarded an honorary degree from Manchester. In Manchester she developed her interest in mediaeval earthworks and castles. In 1887 she became the first woman on the school board at
Rotherham Rotherham () is a large minster and market town in South Yorkshire, England. The town takes its name from the River Rother which then merges with the River Don. The River Don then flows through the town centre. It is the main settlement of ...
, and in 1894 she was appointed assistant commissioner to James Bryce on the Royal Commission on Secondary Education to investigate girls' education in Devon. Armitage – along with
John Horace Round (John) Horace Round (22 February 1854 – 24 June 1928) was an historian and genealogist of the English medieval period. He translated the portion of Domesday Book (1086) covering Essex into English. As an expert in the history of the British ...
,
George Neilson George Neilson was a Scotland international rugby union player.Bath, p137 Rugby union career Amateur He played for West of Scotland. Provincial He was capped by Glasgow District in the inter-city match of 5 December 1891. International ...
, and
Goddard Henry Orpen Goddard Henry Orpen (8 May 1852 – 15 May 1932) was an Irish historian. He attended The Abbey School, Tipperary and graduated from Trinity College, Dublin. Orpen was the son of Dr. John Herbert Orpen (1805–1888) and Ellen Susanna Gertude ...
– proved in a string of publications that British
motte-and-bailey A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to ...
castles, which had previously been assumed to be of Anglo-Saxon origin, were not constructed until after the 1066
Norman conquest of England The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Normans, Norman, Duchy of Brittany, Breton, County of Flanders, Flemish, and Kingdom of France, French troops, ...
. Her book ''The Early Norman Castles of the British Isles'' is considered a seminal work on the subject. She also contributed to volume 2 of the
Victoria County History The Victoria History of the Counties of England, commonly known as the Victoria County History or the VCH, is an English history project which began in 1899 with the aim of creating an encyclopaedic history of each of the historic counties of En ...
, of Yorkshire, writing on ancient earthworks. She was also known as a hymnwriter, apparently saying "I believe I was intended by nature for an archaeologist, but life has made me a hymn writer, and I shall be content to be known as such when my archaeology is forgotten." In 1881 she published sixteen hymns in the collection ''The Garden of the Lord''.


Bibliography

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References


Further reading

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External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Armitage, Ella Sophia 1841 births 1931 deaths 19th-century British archaeologists 19th-century English historians Women's rights activists from Liverpool Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester Castellologists British women archaeologists British women historians British women hymnwriters Contributors to the Victoria County History