Elijah Hoole (1837 – 27 March 1912) was an English architect of Methodist churches, settlement halls and social housing. In relation to the social housing, he worked closely with the social reformer
Octavia Hill
Octavia Hill (3 December 1838 – 13 August 1912) was an English Reform movement, social reformer, whose main concern was the welfare of the inhabitants of cities, especially London, in the second half of the nineteenth century. Born into a fa ...
for over 40 years.
Early life
Hoole was born in London in 1837 to
Elijah Hoole
Elijah Hoole (1798–1872) was an English orientalist and Wesleyan Methodist missionary.
Life
The son of Holland Hoole, a Manchester shoemaker, he was born there; he entered Manchester grammar school 6 April 1809, leaving in 1813 to help in h ...
, a
Wesleyan Methodist missionary, and his wife, Elizabeth, the third daughter of the lock and safe manufacturer,
Charles Chubb.
Career
Hoole was a pupil of
James Simpson (not to be confused with
James Simpson (engineer)
James Simpson (1799–1869) was a British civil engineer. He was president of the Institution of Civil Engineers from January 1853 to January 1855.
James Simpson was the fourth son of Thomas Simpson, engineer of the Chelsea Waterworks. Jame ...
) in 1854, and was subsequently his assistant until he set up his own practice in 1863.
Hoole had a long working relationship with Octavia Hill: he was her "favourite" architect and worked for Hill for 40 years. Hoole employed a
Ruskinian style and approach to
Arts and Crafts design. In similar vein, he designed both the first
university settlement
The settlement movement was a reformist social movement that began in the 1880s and peaked around the 1920s in United Kingdom and the United States. Its goal was to bring the rich and the poor of society together in both physical proximity and s ...
,
Toynbee Hall
Toynbee Hall is a charitable institution that works to address the causes and impacts of poverty in the East End of London and elsewhere. Established in 1884, it is based in Commercial Street, Spitalfields, and was the first university-affiliat ...
, and the only Methodist settlement,
Bermondsey Settlement
The Bermondsey Settlement was a settlement house founded in Bermondsey, South-East London, by the Rev'd John Scott Lidgett. It was the only Methodist foundation among the settlements that appeared in the late 19th and early 20th century. Like o ...
. He also designed Methodist churches in England, Canada and Belize.
Selected works
With James Simpson:
*Wesleyan Methodist Chapel,
Collingham, Notts, 1855.
*Wesley Methodist Chapel,
York
York is a cathedral city with Roman origins, sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. It is the historic county town of Yorkshire. The city has many historic buildings and other structures, such as a ...
, 1855–56. Extant, no longer in Methodist use (now
Assemblies of God
The Assemblies of God (AG), officially the World Assemblies of God Fellowship, is a group of over 144 autonomous self-governing national groupings of churches that together form the world's largest Pentecostal denomination."Assemblies of God". ...
use).
Grade II* listed
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
.
*Queen Street Methodist Chapel, Queen Street,
Morley Morley may refer to:
Places England
* Morley, Norfolk, a civil parish
* Morley, Derbyshire, a civil parish
* Morley, Cheshire, a village
* Morley, County Durham, a village
* Morley, West Yorkshire, a suburban town of Leeds and civil parish
* M ...
, 1860–61. Now Central Methodist Church, Morley.
Grade II listed
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
.
With
James Wilson James Wilson may refer to:
Politicians and government officials
Canada
*James Wilson (Upper Canada politician) (1770–1847), English-born farmer and political figure in Upper Canada
* James Crocket Wilson (1841–1899), Canadian MP from Quebe ...
:
*Extensions to
Kingswood School
(''In The Right Way Quickly'')
, established =
, closed =
, type = Independent
, religious_affiliation = Methodist
, president =
, head_label = Headmaste ...
,
Bath, 1882–83, and alterations to the gymnasium, 1891.
Grade II listed
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
.
On his own account:
*Sunbury Wesleyan Chapel, Staines Road East,
Sunbury-on-Thames
Sunbury-on-Thames (or commonly Sunbury) is a suburban town on the north bank of the River Thames in the Borough of Spelthorne, Surrey, centred southwest of central London. Historically part of the county of Middlesex, in 1965 Sunbury and other ...
, 1865. Replaced by a modern Methodist church.
*Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Honduras Bay,
Belize City
Belize City is the largest city in Belize and was once the capital of the former British Honduras. According to the 2010 census, Belize City has a population of 57,169 people in 16,162 households. It is at the mouth of the Haulover Creek, wh ...
,
British Honduras
British Honduras was a British Crown colony on the east coast of Central America, south of Mexico, from 1783 to 1964, then a self-governing colony, renamed Belize in June 1973, (now called
Belize
Belize (; bzj, Bileez) is a Caribbean and Central American country on the northeastern coast of Central America. It is bordered by Mexico to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Guatemala to the west and south. It also shares a wate ...
), 1865–66. Hoole's chapel replaced one destroyed by fire in 1863. It featured an unusual octagonal spire, rising above a tapering square tower with an arched external entrance. In turn, Hoole's chapel, known as Big Wesley, was destroyed in the
1931 British Honduras hurricane.
![The Zabludowicz Collection, Prince of Wales Road - panoramio](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/The_Zabludowicz_Collection%2C_Prince_of_Wales_Road_-_panoramio.jpg)
*Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Prince of Wales Road,
Kentish Town
Kentish Town is an area of northwest London, England in the London Borough of Camden, immediately north of Camden Town. Less than four miles north of central London, Kentish Town has good transport connections and is situated close to the ope ...
, London, 1871. Extant, no longer in Methodist use; currently the
Zabludowicz Collection.
Grade II listed
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
, although in 2017 there was a planning application to demolish part of the structure.
*Methodist Chapel,
Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
, 1871.
![UnitedChurchStJohns](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/UnitedChurchStJohns.JPG)
*George Street Methodist Chapel,
St John's, Newfoundland (now a province of Canada), 1873. Modified Gothic. Extant, now called
George Street United Church
George Street United Church is a defunct church that was built in 1873 and was the oldest extant Methodist church building in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador. Designed by Elijah Hoole, it was an example of a modified Gothic Revival churc ...
.
*Industrial Dwellings,
Bristol
Bristol () is a city, ceremonial county and unitary authority in England. Situated on the River Avon, it is bordered by the ceremonial counties of Gloucestershire to the north and Somerset to the south. Bristol is the most populous city in ...
, 1875. These dwellings were built by the Bristol Industrial Dwellings Company Limited, founded by the philanthropist
Susanna Winkworth.
*Larksfield,
Crockham Hill
Crockham Hill is a village in the Sevenoaks district of Kent, England. It is about south of Westerham, and Chartwell is nearby. The village has a population of around 270 people. It contains a 19th-century pub, the Royal Oak, and Holy Trinity ch ...
,
Westerham
Westerham is a town and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It is located 3.4 miles east of Oxted and 6 miles west of Sevenoaks, adjacent to the Kent border with both Greater London and Surrey.
It is recorded as early as t ...
, Kent, 1877. Hoole designed Larksfield for
Octavia Hill
Octavia Hill (3 December 1838 – 13 August 1912) was an English Reform movement, social reformer, whose main concern was the welfare of the inhabitants of cities, especially London, in the second half of the nineteenth century. Born into a fa ...
and her companion Harriot Yorke as their country residence.
Grade II listed
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
.
*Surrey Lodge Dwellings,
Kennington Road
Kennington Road is a long straight road, approximately a mile in length, in the London Borough of Lambeth in London, England, running south from Westminster Bridge Road (at the junction with Baylis Road to the north-east) to Kennington Park Roa ...
and
Lambeth Road
Lambeth Road is a road in Lambeth (to the west) and Southwark (to the east), London running between Lambeth Bridge over the River Thames at the western end and St George's Circus at the eastern end. The road is designated the A3203. The boro ...
, London, 1879–84. The dwellings were built on the site of Sir
James Wyatt
James Wyatt (3 August 1746 – 4 September 1813) was an English architect, a rival of Robert Adam in the neoclassical and neo-Gothic styles. He was elected to the Royal Academy in 1785 and was its president from 1805 to 1806.
Early life
W ...
's former home, Surrey Lodge. Two of the occupants were the social reformer
Emma Cons
Emma Cons (4 March 1838 – 24 July 1912) was a British social reformer, strongly committed to women's suffrage. She also campaigned for educational opportunities for the working class, including cheap tickets to Shakespearean drama at the The O ...
and her niece
Lilian Baylis
Lilian Mary Baylis
CH (9 May 187425 November 1937) was an English theatrical producer and manager. She managed the Old Vic and Sadler's Wells theatres in London and ran an opera company, which became the English National Opera (ENO); a theatre ...
(see Old Vic, below). They were destroyed by bomb damage during WWII. The site is now the Waterloo Hub Hotel.
*
The Old Vic Theatre
The Old Vic is a 1,000-seat, not-for-profit producing theatre in Waterloo, London, England. Established in 1818 as the Royal Coburg Theatre, and renamed in 1833 the Royal Victoria Theatre. In 1871 it was rebuilt and reopened as the Royal ...
,
Waterloo Road, London SE1, 1880 and 1902. The Old Vic was built in 1816–18 and remodelled in 1871. The social reformer
Emma Cons
Emma Cons (4 March 1838 – 24 July 1912) was a British social reformer, strongly committed to women's suffrage. She also campaigned for educational opportunities for the working class, including cheap tickets to Shakespearean drama at the The O ...
acquired the disreputable theatre, and, after Hoole remodelled it, opened it as the Royal Victoria Hall and Coffee Tavern. He remodelled it again in 1902, although the Old Vic (as it once again became known) has subsequently been altered a number of times since.
Grade II* listed
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
.
*Holly Park Wesleyan Chapel,
Crouch Hill
Crouch Hill is a street in north London, England, running between Crouch End and Stroud Green in the boroughs of Haringey and Islington. It is not to be confused with Crouch End Hill which runs between Crouch End and Hornsey Rise. (The two road ...
, London, 1881. The chapel replaced a
tin tabernacle
A tin tabernacle, also known as an iron church, is a type of prefabricated ecclesiastical building made from corrugated galvanised iron. They were developed in the mid-19th century initially in the United Kingdom. Corrugated iron was first us ...
; in turn it was demolished in 1961 and replaced by a modern church in 1962.
![Toynbee Hall 2020](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Toynbee_Hall_2020.jpg)
*
Toynbee Hall
Toynbee Hall is a charitable institution that works to address the causes and impacts of poverty in the East End of London and elsewhere. Established in 1884, it is based in Commercial Street, Spitalfields, and was the first university-affiliat ...
,
Commercial Street, London, 1884. Hoole designed Toynbee Hall, the first of the
university settlements, for the social reformers
Samuel
Samuel ''Šəmūʾēl'', Tiberian: ''Šămūʾēl''; ar, شموئيل or صموئيل '; el, Σαμουήλ ''Samouḗl''; la, Samūēl is a figure who, in the narratives of the Hebrew Bible, plays a key role in the transition from the bibl ...
and
Henrietta Barnett
Dame Henrietta Octavia Weston Barnett, DBE (''née'' Rowland; 4 May 1851 – 10 June 1936) was an English social reformer, educationist, and author. She and her husband, Samuel Augustus Barnett, founded the first "University Settlement" at Toyn ...
; the architectural style is Vicarage Gothic. It is
Grade II listed
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
. A related building was College East. All but one bay of the façade of College East was demolished when Attlee House was built in 1971; in turn that was demolished in 2016 and the façade now fronts its replacement, Gatsby Apartments.
![White Cross Cottage (7327428598)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/White_Cross_Cottage_%287327428598%29.jpg)
*Redcross Cottages and Whitecross Cottages, Southwark, London, 1888–90. Social housing complex built adjacent to
Octavia Hill
Octavia Hill (3 December 1838 – 13 August 1912) was an English Reform movement, social reformer, whose main concern was the welfare of the inhabitants of cities, especially London, in the second half of the nineteenth century. Born into a fa ...
's
Red Cross Garden. First to be built, in 1888, were the
Tudor revival
Tudor Revival architecture (also known as mock Tudor in the UK) first manifested itself in domestic architecture in the United Kingdom in the latter half of the 19th century. Based on revival of aspects that were perceived as Tudor architecture ...
row of houses facing the garden, known as Redcross Cottages. Whitecross Cottages were built in an
Arts and Crafts
A handicraft, sometimes more precisely expressed as artisanal handicraft or handmade, is any of a wide variety of types of work where useful and decorative objects are made completely by one’s hand or by using only simple, non-automated re ...
style in 1890 behind Redcross Cottages on Ayres Street. Adjacent to Redcross Cottages is the community hall, then called Red Cross Hall, and now called Bishop's Hall, and in private ownership. In 1889 Hill and Hoole commissioned
Walter Crane
Walter Crane (15 August 184514 March 1915) was an English artist and book illustrator. He is considered to be the most influential, and among the most prolific, children's book creators of his generation and, along with Randolph Caldecott and K ...
to decorate the interior with ten deeds of heroism in the daily life of ordinary people, of which three were executed and survive. Each of the two rows of cottages is Grade II listed, as is the hall.
![Gable Cottages (7327573186)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Gable_Cottages_%287327573186%29.jpg)
*Gable Cottages, Sudrey Street, Southwark, London, 1889. Arts and Crafts Tudor style cottages.
Grade II listed
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
.
![Shoreditch john wesley statue 1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Shoreditch_john_wesley_statue_1.jpg)
*Restoration of
Wesley's Chapel
Wesley's Chapel (originally the City Road Chapel) is a Methodist church situated in the St Luke's area in the south of the London Borough of Islington. Opened in 1778, it was built under the direction of John Wesley, the founder of the Method ...
,
City Road
City Road or The City Road is a road that runs through central London. The northwestern extremity of the road is at Angel where it forms a continuation of Pentonville Road. Pentonville Road itself is the modern name for the eastern part of Lo ...
, London, 1891. The chapel, known as "the Mother Church of World Methodism", dates from 1777–78, with a portico added in 1814–15. Hoole was responsible for its restoration in 1891, during which rusticated piers, qoins and cornice to the outer bays, and architraves to the upper windows were added. At the same time as the restoration took place, a
statue of John Wesley was installed. The statue was by
John Adams-Acton; Hoole was responsible for the 10 foot high granite pedestal.
Grade I listed
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
.
*9A
Gainsborough Gardens
Gainsborough Gardens is a private road in Hampstead, in the London Borough of Camden. The road is arranged in an oval crescent around a central garden. It was laid out towards the end of the nineteenth century and influenced by the Bedford Park de ...
(originally Eirene Cottage),
Hampstead
Hampstead () is an area in London, which lies northwest of Charing Cross, and extends from Watling Street, the A5 road (Roman Watling Street) to Hampstead Heath, a large, hilly expanse of parkland. The area forms the northwest part of the Lon ...
, London, 1891.
Vernacular revival detached house built for the historian and barrister Charles Edmund Maurice, who was also
Octavia Hill
Octavia Hill (3 December 1838 – 13 August 1912) was an English Reform movement, social reformer, whose main concern was the welfare of the inhabitants of cities, especially London, in the second half of the nineteenth century. Born into a fa ...
's brother-in-law.
Grade II listed
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
.
*
Bermondsey Settlement
The Bermondsey Settlement was a settlement house founded in Bermondsey, South-East London, by the Rev'd John Scott Lidgett. It was the only Methodist foundation among the settlements that appeared in the late 19th and early 20th century. Like o ...
, Bermondsey, London, 1892. Bermondsey Settlement was the only Methodist settlement; it was founded by Hoole's nephew, the Rev
John Scott Lidgett
John Scott Lidgett, CH (10 August 1854 – 16 June 1953) was a British Wesleyan Methodist minister and educationist. He achieved prominence both as a theologian and reformer within British Methodism, stressing the importance of the church's ...
. The settlement closed in 1967 and was demolished in 1969.
*Gower Street Methodist Chapel,
St John's, Newfoundland (now a province of Canada), 1892–96. Extant, now Gower Street United Church. The chapel, which replaced one destroyed by the
Great Fire of 1892
The Great Fire of 8 July 1892 in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador is remembered as the worst disaster ever to befall that city. Previous "Great Fires" had occurred in St. John's, during 1819 and 1846.
Timeline
At approximately 4:45 in th ...
, was intended to rival the
Catholic
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
and
Anglican cathedrals and is mostly of a Romanesque design.
*Ranston Street Cottages,
Lisson Grove
Lisson Grove is a street and district in Marylebone, City of Westminster, London. The neighbourhood contains a few important cultural landmarks, including Lisson Gallery, Alfies Antique Market, Red Bus Recording Studios, the former Christ Churc ...
, Paddington, London, 1895. Built for
Octavia Hill
Octavia Hill (3 December 1838 – 13 August 1912) was an English Reform movement, social reformer, whose main concern was the welfare of the inhabitants of cities, especially London, in the second half of the nineteenth century. Born into a fa ...
, and still owned by the Octavia Housing Trust. Originally called the St Botolph Cottages and Almond Cottages.
Grade II listed
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
(two listings). The cottages were built to replace the slums, which were so notoriously unpleasant that they were the location of the
Eliza Armstrong scandal in 1885, when a 13 year old girl was bought for prostitution in order to expose the evils of white slavery.
*
St James-the-Less, Bethnal Green, London, 1897. St James the Less was built in 1840–42, to a design by
Lewis Vulliamy
Lewis Vulliamy (15 March 1791 – 4 January 1871) was an English architect descended from the Vulliamy family of clockmakers.
Life
Lewis Vulliamy was the son of the clockmaker Benjamin Vulliamy. He was born in Pall Mall, London on 15 March 179 ...
. In 1897 Hoole undertook some repairs and reseating. These were lost during wartime bomb damage in 1940 and the subsequent rebuilding by J. Antony Lewis in 1960–61.
Grade II listed
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
.
*
Fletcher
Fletcher may refer to:
People
* Fletcher (occupation), a person who fletches arrows, the origin of the surname
* Fletcher (singer) (born 1994), American actress and singer-songwriter
* Fletcher (surname)
* Fletcher (given name)
Places
United ...
Memorial College and Chapel,
Lausanne
, neighboring_municipalities= Bottens, Bretigny-sur-Morrens, Chavannes-près-Renens, Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne, Crissier, Cugy, Écublens, Épalinges, Évian-les-Bains (FR-74), Froideville, Jouxtens-Mézery, Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Lugrin (FR-74), ...
, Switzerland, unknown date.
Personal life
Hoole married Judith Lidgett in 1868 at
St John the Evangelist, Blackheath. His wife was an aunt of the founder of the
Bermondsey Settlement
The Bermondsey Settlement was a settlement house founded in Bermondsey, South-East London, by the Rev'd John Scott Lidgett. It was the only Methodist foundation among the settlements that appeared in the late 19th and early 20th century. Like o ...
,
John Scott Lidgett
John Scott Lidgett, CH (10 August 1854 – 16 June 1953) was a British Wesleyan Methodist minister and educationist. He achieved prominence both as a theologian and reformer within British Methodism, stressing the importance of the church's ...
.
They had nine children, of whom two sons Elijah (born 1872) and George (born 1874) both practised for a time as architects. Hoole died in 1912, aged 74, and was buried on the western side of
Highgate Cemetery
Highgate Cemetery is a place of burial in north London, England. There are approximately 170,000 people buried in around 53,000 graves across the West and East Cemeteries. Highgate Cemetery is notable both for some of the people buried there as ...
. His grave (no.38653) no longer has a headstone.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hoole, Elijah
1837 births
1912 deaths
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
Architects from London
Arts and Crafts architects
Housing reformers
English Methodists