The 11th Five-Year Plan of China, officially the 11th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China, was a set of economic goals designed to strengthen the
Chinese economy between 2006 and 2010.
The planning philosophy for the 11th Five-Year Plan was significantly shaped by a mid-term evaluation of the 10th Five-Year Plan.
The 11th Five-Year Plan introduced a new category of "binding targets" (''yueshuxing zhibiao'') intended as government promises.
These binding targets have since been used especially in non-economic policy areas like environmental protection and land management.
Of 22 targets listed in the 11th Five-Year Plan, eight of them were binding targets.
These binding targets were incorporated into the criteria for local
cadre performance evaluations.
The Plan also reflected a change in terminology to the allocation of administrative resourced via "programs" rather than "plans."
Goals
According to draft guidelines submitted to the 2006
National People's Congress
The National People's Congress (NPC) is the highest organ of state power of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The NPC is the only branch of government in China, and per the principle of unified power, all state organs from the Sta ...
session, the goals of the Eleventh Five-Year Guideline were:
Economic growth:
# GDP up 7.5% annually from 18.2 trillion yuan in 2005 to 26.1 trillion yuan in 2010;
# Per capita GDP up 6.6% annually from 13,985 yuan in 2005 to 19,270 yuan in 2010.
Economic structure:
# Share of service industry's value added to GDP up from 40.3% in 2005 to 43.3% in 2010;
# Share of employment in service industry up from 31.3% to 35.3% in 2010;
# Share of research and development (R&D) spending out of total GDP up from 1.3% in 2005 to 2% in 2010;
# Urbanization rate up from 43% in 2005 to 47% in 2010.
Population, resources, environment:
# Population up from 1.30756 billion in 2005 to 1.36000 billion in 2010;
#
Energy consumption
Energy consumption is the amount of energy used.
Biology
In the body, energy consumption is part of energy homeostasis. It derived from food energy. Energy consumption in the body is a product of the basal metabolic rate and the physical acti ...
per unit of GDP down 20% in five years;
#
Water consumption per unit of industrial added value down 30% in five years;
# Coefficient of effective use of water for irrigation up from 0.45% in 2005 to 0.5% in 2010;
# Rate of comprehensive use of
solid industrial waste up from 55.8% in 2005 to 60% in 2010;
# Total acreage of cultivated land down from 122 million hectares in 2005 to 120 million in 2010;
# Total discharge of major pollutants down 20% in five years;
#
Forest coverage up from 18.2% in 2005 to 20% in 2010.
Public service, people's life:
# Term of education per capita up from 8.5 years in 2005 to nine years in 2010;
# Coverage of urban basic old-age pension up from 174 million people in 2005 to 223 million people in 2010;
# Coverage of the new rural cooperative medical care system up from 23.5% in 2005 to over 80% in 2010;
# New jobs created for urban residents reaching 45 million in five years;
# Number of rural laborers transferred to non-agriculture sectors reaching 45 million in five years;
# Urban registered unemployment rate up from 4.2% in 2005 to 5% in 2010;
# Per capita disposable income of urban residents up 5% annually in five years, from 10,493 yuan in 2005 to 13,390 yuan in 2010;
# Per capita net income of rural residents up 5% annually in five years, from 3,255 yuan in 2005 to 4,150 yuan in 2010.
Beginning with the 11th, each of China's Five Year plans have sought to move China away from energy-intensive manufacturing and into high-value sectors and have highlighted the importance of
low-carbon
A low-carbon economy (LCE) is an economy which absorbs as much greenhouse gas as it emits. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to human activity are the dominant cause of observed climate change since the mid-20th century. There are many proven ...
technology as a strategic emerging industry, particularly in the areas of
wind
Wind is the natural movement of atmosphere of Earth, air or other gases relative to a planetary surface, planet's surface. Winds occur on a range of scales, from thunderstorm flows lasting tens of minutes, to local breezes generated by heatin ...
and solar power.
The plan adopted a more assertive approach to
technology transfer
Technology transfer (TT), also called transfer of technology (TOT), is the process of transferring (disseminating) technology from the person or organization that owns or holds it to another person or organization, in an attempt to transform invent ...
in advanced technology.
The plan set a national energy intensity target
of a 20% reduction.
It was identified as a "binding target" and focused on throughout the plan's implementation.
Policymakers viewed emissions reductions and energy conservation as the highest priority environmental matters under the 11th Five-Year Plan.
Results
Successful achievement of emissions and energy conservation targets in the 11th Five-Year Plan shaped policymaker's approach for the 12th Five-Year Plan, prompting expanded use of binding targets to capitalize on successes in these areas.
References
{{Five-year plans of China
2006 in China
2007 in China
2008 in China
2009 in China
2010 in China
2000s in China
2000s in economic history
2010s in China
2010s in economic history
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