''Elephas beyeri'' is an extinct species of dwarf elephant belonging to the

Elephantidae Elephantidae is a family (biology), family of large, herbivorous proboscidean mammals collectively called elephants and mammoths. These are terrestrial animal, terrestrial large mammals with a snout modified into a Elephant#Trunk, trunk and teeth ...

family of the Middle Pleistocene. It was named after the anthropologist

H. Otley Beyer Henry Otley Beyer (July 13, 1883 – December 31, 1966) was an American anthropologist, who spent most of his adult life in the Philippines teaching Philippine indigenous culture. A.V.H. Hartendorp called Beyer the "Dean of Philippine ethnolo ...

. The type specimen was discovered on

Cabarruyan Island Anda, officially the Municipality of Anda ( pag, Baley na Anda; ilo, Ili ti Anda; tgl, Bayan ng Anda), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 41,548 people. ...

in The Philippines but has since been lost.

Overview

''Elephas beyeri'' was a dwarf elephant with a probable estimated stature of 1.2 m in shoulder height. During its naming, von Koenigswald proposed that these dwarfed elephants were descendants of the ''

Elephas namadicus ''Palaeoloxodon namadicus'' or the Asian straight-tusked elephant, is an extinct species of prehistoric elephant known from the early Middle to Late Pleistocene of the Indian subcontinent, and possibly also elsewhere in Asia. Some authorities r ...

'' (Palaeoloxodon) lineage. It was thought by von Koenigswald that these animals crossed from the mainland Asia to the Philippines via land bridge connecting with Taiwan. This, however, is still debated but a research in 2021 showed an evidence of the possibility. Aside from the missing initial specimen, another confirmed discovery were unearthed in 2001 in the same locality. Further possible fossils were found in the

Visayas The Visayas ( ), or the Visayan Islands (Bisayan languages, Visayan: ''Kabisay-an'', ; tl, Kabisayaan ), are one of the three Island groups of the Philippines, principal geographical divisions of the Philippines, along with Luzon and Mindanao ...

and at a number of sites in

Luzon Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...

. But it is unclear if these belonged to ''E. beyeri'' or ''E. namadicus'' due to their fragmented nature and the missing holotype. It might be even argued that the Visayan fossils were different from the Elephant races harbored in the Greater Luzon.

References

Prehistoric proboscideans Fossil taxa described in 1956 {{Paleo-proboscidean-stub