Elena Mikhailovna Shtaerman (28 September 1914, in

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

– 22 October 1991, in

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

) was a prominent

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

scholar of

Roman history The history of Rome includes the history of the city of Rome as well as the civilisation of ancient Rome. Roman history has been influential on the modern world, especially in the history of the Catholic Church, and Roman law has influenced ma ...

and translator of ancient authors (

Julius Paulus Julius Paulus ( el, Ἰούλιος Παῦλος; fl. 2nd century and 3rd century AD), often simply referred to as Paul in English, was one of the most influential and distinguished Roman jurists. He was also a praetorian prefect under the Rom ...

, Dionysius Cato,

Publilius Syrus __NOTOC__ Publilius Syrus ( fl. 85–43 BC), was a Latin writer, best known for his sententiae. He was a Syrian from Antioch who was brought as a slave to Roman Italy. Syrus was brought to Rome on the same ship that brought a certain Manilius, a ...

). She received the

State Prize of the USSR The USSR State Prize (russian: links=no, Государственная премия СССР, Gosudarstvennaya premiya SSSR) was the Soviet Union's state honor. It was established on 9 September 1966. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, t ...

. Shtaerman studied under

Nikolai Mashkin Nikolai Alexandrovich Mashkin (russian: Николай Александрович Машкин ; 9 February 1900, Sokolki – 15 September 1950, Moscow) was a Soviet scholar of Roman history (Doctor of Historical Sciences and Professor from 194 ...

in Moscow, where she received her doctorate in 1942 and

habilitation Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in many European countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excellence in research, teaching and further education, usually including a ...

in 1956. From 1950, she was an academic assistant in the ancient history section of the Historical Institute of the

USSR Academy of Sciences The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991, uniting the country's leading scientists, subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 ...

Major works

*"Кризис рабовладельческого строя в западных провинциях Римской империи" ("The Crisis of Slavery in the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire", 1957) *"Мораль и религия угнетенных классов Римской империи" ("Morality and Religion of the Oppressed Classes of the Roman Empire", 1961) *"Расцвет рабовладельческих отношений в Римской республике" ("The Heyday of the Slave Relations in the Roman Republic", 1964) *"Рабовладельческие отношения в ранней Римской империи" ("Slave Relationships in the Early Roman Empire", 1971) *"Кризис античной культуры" ("The Crisis of Ancient Culture", 1975) *"Древний Рим. Проблемы экономического развития" ("Ancient Rome. Issues of Economic Development", 1978) *"Социальные основы религии Древнего Рима" ("Social Basis of the Religion of Ancient Rome", 1987).

References

1914 births 1991 deaths 20th-century women writers Russian scholars of Roman history Women classical scholars Soviet historians Academics from Saint Petersburg Soviet women historians Recipients of the USSR State Prize Soviet women writers Soviet translators Soviet Marxist historians {{USSR-bio-stub