![elabuga ul gassara](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Elabuga_ul_gassara.jpg)
Yelabuga (alternative spelling that reflects the
Cyrillic
, bg, кирилица , mk, кирилица , russian: кириллица , sr, ћирилица, uk, кирилиця
, fam1 = Egyptian hieroglyphs
, fam2 = Proto-Sinaitic
, fam3 = Phoenician
, fam4 = G ...
spelling: Elabuga; russian: Елабуга; tt-Cyrl, Алабуга, ''Alabuğa'') is a
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
in the
Republic of Tatarstan
The Republic of Tatarstan (russian: Республика Татарстан, Respublika Tatarstan, p=rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə tətɐrˈstan; tt-Cyrl, Татарстан Республикасы), or simply Tatarstan (russian: Татарстан, tt ...
, Russia, located on the right bank of the
Kama River
The Kama (russian: Ка́ма, ; tt-Cyrl, Чулман, ''Çulman''; udm, Кам) is a long[«Река ...]
and east from
Kazan
Kazan ( ; rus, Казань, p=kɐˈzanʲ; tt-Cyrl, Казан, ''Qazan'', IPA: ɑzan is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka rivers, covering a ...
. Population:
Geography
Climate
History
The former name of the city was Alabuga. Its history dates back to the 10th century, when a
Volga Bulgar border
castle
A castle is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders. Scholars debate the scope of the word ''castle'', but usually consider it to be the private fortified r ...
, the so-called Alamir-Sultan castle was built by Bulgar Khan Ibrahim in 985 CE. The castle was built on the place of the legendary tomb of Alamir-Sultan (
Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon ( grc, wikt:Ἀλέξανδρος, Ἀλέξανδρος, Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the Ancient Greece, ancient Greek kingdom of Maced ...
"Macedonian"). The name 'Alabuga' originally referred to the tower of the castle, later the whole city was named Alabuga. The castle was later abandoned, and its remains are now known as ''Şaytan qalası'' (
Shaytan
' (; ''devils'' or ''demons''), singular: (شَيْطَان) are evil spirits in Islam, inciting humans (and jinn) to sin by "whispering" (وَسْوَسَة, “waswasah”) to their hearts (قَلْب ''qalb''). Folklore suggests that they a ...
's castle). In the second half of the 16th century, a Russian village was founded on the same spot.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the
framework of administrative divisions, Yelabuga serves as the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of
Yelabuzhsky District
Yelabuzhsky District (russian: Ела́бужский райо́н; tt-Cyrl, Алабуга районы, ''Alabuğa rayonı'') is a territorial administrative unit and municipality of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. The d ...
, even though it is not a part of it.
As an administrative division, it is, together with the ''
selo'' of
Tarlovka, incorporated separately as the
town of republic significance of Yelabuga—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
.
As a
municipal division, the town of republic significance of Yelabuga is incorporated within Yelabuzhsky Municipal District as Yelabuga Urban Settlement.
Economy
Oil industry is present in the town. In the 1990s, a
Ford
Ford commonly refers to:
* Ford Motor Company, an automobile manufacturer founded by Henry Ford
* Ford (crossing), a shallow crossing on a river
Ford may also refer to:
Ford Motor Company
* Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company
* Ford F ...
assembly plant operated in the town. In 2008,
Sollers JSC
Sollers, formerly known as OAO Severstal-Auto, is a Russian company holding controlling blocks of shares of OAO Ulyanovsk Automobile Works (UAZ), Zavolzhye Motor Works (ZMZ) and OAO ZMA. The enterprises of Severstal-Auto are well-known automobi ...
built a new factory to produce the
Fiat Ducato
The Fiat Ducato is a light commercial vehicle jointly developed by FCA Italy and PSA Group (currently Stellantis), and mainly manufactured by Sevel, a joint venture between the two companies since 1981. It has also been sold as the Citroën C25, ...
, and from 2021, started to assemble a luxury vehicle called the
Aurus Senat
The Aurus Senat (russian: Сенат) is a luxury full-size sedan by Russian automaker Aurus Motors and developed by NAMI in Moscow, Russia. The armoured limousine is powered by a 4.4 litre V8 engine developed by NAMI, with a 6.6 litre V12 (634 ...
, for the
Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute in Moscow (NAMI).
There is also a factory for the production of household appliances: domestic oil electric heaters, electric meat grinders Italian group
De'Longhi
De'Longhi S.p.A. () is an Italian small appliance manufacturer based in Treviso, Italy.
History and trading
The company was founded by the De'Longhi family in 1902 as a small industrial parts manufacturing workshop. The company incorporated in ...
.
Public transportation needs are served by a bus and taxi networks. Plans for a trolleybus route are being discussed.
Notable people
The town is the birthplace of
painter
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and ai ...
Ivan Shishkin
Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (russian: Ива́н Ива́нович Ши́шкин; 25 January 1832 – 20 March 1898) was a Russian landscape painter closely associated with the Peredvizhniki movement.
Biography
Shishkin was born to a Russian m ...
.
Nadezhda Durova
Nadezhda Andreyevna Durova (russian: Наде́жда Андре́евна Ду́рова) (September 17, 1783 – March 21, 1866), also known as Alexander Durov, Alexander Sokolov and Alexander Andreevich Alexandrov, was a woman who, while disgu ...
, who, disguised as a man, was a highly decorated cavalry officer during the
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...
died there in 1866. It is also where the Russian poet
Marina Tsvetayeva
Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (russian: Марина Ивановна Цветаева, p=mɐˈrʲinə ɪˈvanəvnə tsvʲɪˈtaɪvə; 31 August 1941) was a Russian poet. Her work is considered among some of the greatest in twentieth century Russia ...
committed suicide in 1941. The poet is buried at the municipal cemetery.
Miscellaneous
Near Yelabuga is the
Nizhnyaya Kama National Park
Nizhnyaya Kama National Park (russian: Национальный парк Нижняя Кама; tt-Cyrl, Түбән Кама милли паркы; in both languages: "Lower Kama National Park") is a national park in the center of Russia, located ...
.
International relations
Twin towns and sister cities
Yelabuga is
twinned with:
*
Safranbolu
Safranbolu () is a town and district of Karabük Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is about 9 km north of the city of Karabük, north of Ankara and about 100 km south of the Black Sea coast. The town's historic names in Gr ...
, Turkey
*
Aleksin
Aleksin (russian: Але́ксин) is a town and the administrative center of Aleksinsky District in Tula Oblast, Russia, located northwest of Tula, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:
History
It was founded at the end of th ...
, Russia
*
Beryozovsky, Russia
*
Weilheim in Oberbayern
Weilheim in Oberbayern (English: 'Weilheim in Upper Bavaria') is a town in Germany, the capital of the district Weilheim-Schongau in the south of Bavaria. Weilheim has an old city-wall, historic houses and a museum.
Local history Up to the 18 ...
, Germany
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
External links
Unofficial website of YelabugaUnofficial website of YelabugaWebsite about YelabugaPopulation of Yelabuga by mother tongue in 1897
{{Authority control
Cities and towns in Tatarstan
Yelabuzhsky Uyezd
Populated places on the Kama River