The El Indio Gold Belt is a mineral-rich region spanning the border between Chile and Argentina that contains large quantities of gold, silver and copper. On both sides of the border the belt is located within the

Andes The Andes ( ), Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range (; ) are the List of longest mountain chains on Earth, longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range ...

. The El Indio mine within the district was the first modern mine in Chile to produce gold as its main product. In Chile the main precious metal containing mineral is

enargite Enargite is a copper arsenic sulfosalt mineral with formula Cu3AsS4. It takes its name from the Greek word , "distinct". Enargite is a steel gray, blackish gray, to violet black mineral with metallic luster. It forms slender orthorhombic prisms a ...

. The El Indio belt is bordered in the north by another gold-silver mining district known as the Frontera District. Rodalquilarite,

alunite Alunite is a hydroxylated aluminium potassium sulfate mineral, formula potassium, Kaluminium, Al3(sulfur, Soxygen, O4)2(Ohydrogen, H)6. It was first observed in the 15th century at Tolfa, near Rome, where it was mined for the manufacture of alum ...

and poughite are some of the minerals present in the area. The deposits of the belt formed during the

Late Miocene The Late Miocene (also known as Upper Miocene) is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch (geology), Epoch made up of two faunal stage, stages. The Tortonian and Messinian stages comprise the Late Miocene sub-epoch, which lasted from 11.63 Ma (million ye ...

period. The world's largest gold mining company,

Barrick Gold Barrick Mining Corporation is a mining company that produces gold and copper. It has mining operations and projects in Argentina, Canada, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Mali, Pakista ...

, used to be the only foreign company heavily invested in the region however more recently a number of other companies have begun exploratory activity.

History

In Chile the district was first officially recognized in 1975 and operated in 1979. El Indio, the main mine in the area was discovered in 1975 by St. Joe Minerals, and placed in production in 1981, with initial production of bonanza gold from quartz-gold veins: 500, 000 MT @ 121 g/MT Au. Total production plus reserves was quoted (circa 2000) as 23.2 mt @ 6.6 g/t Au, 50 g/t Ag, 4% Cu. Individual drill samples in the bonanza for assay were so rich, visible gold could be easily panned from the assay pulps. El Indio, which was purchased by Barrick Chile in 1994, is associated with a hydrothermal system within a volcanic caldera. Chile's portion of the belt consisted of three major mines; El Indio, Pascua Lama, and Tambo (since 1995). Gold reserves in the belt located within Argentina may be as high as 35 million ounces. One of the largest mines in the belt, the Tambo Mine operated by Barrick Gold, closed in 2001 after attempts by the company to replace reserves proved unsuccessful. The mine, with a design capacity of 200,000 ounces a year was depleted of gold by 1999–2001. The El Indio mine closed in 2002, and the site has since been reclaimed.

Companies with interests in the region

*Malbex () - nano cap company that operates 3 projects 2 near the Valadero and Pascua-Lama mines (Arroyo de Los Amarillos and Los Despoblados). The largest is the Del Carmen gold-silver project on the Argentine side of the belt (south end). *

- Owns the Valadero and Pascua Lama deposits (over 17.5 million ounces of gold at Pascua Lama). It is also engaged in exploration activity in Chile. Has operated in the region since 1994. * Silver Wheaton - has an agreement with Barrick Gold to purchase 25% of the silver mined at Pascua Lama between 2013 and 2017. *ATW Gold Corp. () - Australian mining company that oversees the Amarillo project in

San Juan Province (Argentina) San Juan Province () is a province of Argentina, located in the western part of the country. Neighbouring provinces are, moving clockwise from the north, La Rioja, San Luis and Mendoza. It borders with Chile to the west. The province has an ...

. *

Yamana Gold Yamana Gold Inc. is a Canadian company that owns and operates gold, silver and copper mines in Canada, Chile, Brazil and Argentina. Headquartered in Toronto, the company was founded in 1994 and became listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange in 1995 ...

- Explores east of the Los Amarillos concessions. Yamana signed 4 gold exploration agreements in Region de Coquimbo, Chile in 1996 (13,200 hectares of land). *MegaMoly Inc. () - Has interests through the Amarillo property in San Juan, Argentina (7,200 hectares on the Argentine side of the Andes). Primarily in the business of molybdenum and tungsten exploration (in Slovakia), it is part of Terreno Resources Corp. *NGEx Resources Inc. () - Small cap (over $100 million) Vancouver based company with copper containing assets in central Chile. Owns 100% of Colmillos and Andrea copper projects. * Royal Gold - Royalty company with a 3% to 5% claim on Barrick Gold's Pascua Lama mine.

References

External links

El Indio Mine closure & reclamation
by Barrick Gold Argentina–Chile border Belt regions Gold mining in Argentina Gold mining in Chile Metallogenetic provinces Mines in Coquimbo Region Geology of Argentina Geology of San Juan Province, Argentina Geology of Atacama Region Geology of Coquimbo Region {{coquimbo-geo-stub