Erik "Eero" Nikolai Järnefelt (8 November 1863 – 15 November 1937) was a Finnish painter and art professor. He is best known for his portraits and landscapes of the area around
Koli National Park
Koli National Park ( fi, Kolin kansallispuisto) is a national park in the municipalities of Joensuu, Lieksa and Kontiolahti in the North Karelia region of Finland. It covers of forested hills on the western shore of Lake Pielinen. The park wa ...
. He was a medal winner at the Paris
''Exposition Universelle'' of 1889 and
1900
As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15), 2 ...
, and he taught art at the
University of Helsinki
The University of Helsinki ( fi, Helsingin yliopisto, sv, Helsingfors universitet, abbreviated UH) is a public research university located in Helsinki, Finland since 1829, but founded in the city of Turku (in Swedish ''Åbo'') in 1640 as the ...
and was chairman of the Finnish Academy of Fine Arts.
Biography
He was the son of General
Alexander Järnefelt and Baroness
Elisabeth Järnefelt
Elisabeth Järnefelt (née Clodt von Jürgensburg; 11 January 1839 – 3 February 1929) was a Finnish salonist, known as "the mother of Finnish art and culture".Biografiskt lexikon för Finland 2. Ryska tiden (2009).
Life
Elisabeth's parents we ...
(née
Clodt von Jürgensburg). He came from a Swedish-speaking Finnophile family of artists, writers and composers descended from the Baltic aristocracy. Several of his eight siblings also became well-known: (a literary critic),
Arvid (a judge and writer),
Armas
The Arma people are an ethnic group of the middle Niger River valley, descended from Moroccan invaders of the 16th century . The name, applied by other groups, derives from the word ''ar-rumah'' ( ar, الرماة) "fusiliers". N. Levtzion, "No ...
(a composer and conductor) and
Aino (wife of
Jean Sibelius
Jean Sibelius ( ; ; born Johan Julius Christian Sibelius; 8 December 186520 September 1957) was a Finnish composer of the late Romantic and 20th-century classical music, early-modern periods. He is widely regarded as his country's greatest com ...
).
[Brief biography](_blank)
@ Kansallisbiografia.
After graduating from a private academy, he studied at the
Academy of Fine Arts, Helsinki
The Academy of Fine Arts ( fi, Kuvataideakatemia; sv, Bildkonstakademin) in Helsinki, Finland is part of the University of the Arts Helsinki and provides the highest university-level theoretical and practical training in the country in fine arts ...
from 1874 to 1878, the
Imperial Academy of Arts
The Russian Academy of Arts, informally known as the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts, was an art academy in Saint Petersburg, founded in 1757 by the founder of the Imperial Moscow University Ivan Shuvalov under the name ''Academy of the Thre ...
from 1883 to 1886 (where one of his teachers was his uncle,
Mikhail Clodt), and the
Académie Julian
The Académie Julian () was a private art school for painting and sculpture founded in Paris, France, in 1867 by French painter and teacher Rodolphe Julian (1839–1907) that was active from 1868 through 1968. It remained famous for the number a ...
in Paris from 1886 to 1888, where he studied with
Tony Robert-Fleury
Tony Robert-Fleury (1 September 18378 December 1911) was a French painter, known primarily for historical scenes. He was also a prominent art teacher, with many famous artists among his students.
Biography
He was born just outside Paris, and st ...
. A major influence was the
Naturalism of
Jules Bastien-Lepage
Jules Bastien-Lepage (1 November 1848 – 10 December 1884) was a French painter closely associated with the beginning of naturalism, an artistic style that emerged from the later phase of the Realist movement.
His most famous work is his lan ...
.
In 1889, he married the actress . In 1892, he made his first trip to the area around
Koli
Koli may refer to:
Places
* Koli, Finland, a hill in Finland
* Koli National Park, a national park in Finland
* Koli, Iran (disambiguation), several places in Iran
* Koli Airfield, a former airfield in the South Pacific
Other uses
* Koli peopl ...
with
Juhani Aho
Juhani Aho, originally Johannes Brofeldt (11 September 1861 – 8 August 1921), was a Finnish author and journalist. He was nominated for the Nobel prize in literature twelve times.
Early life
Juhani Aho was born at Lapinlahti in 1861. His pa ...
and his wife, the painter
Venny Soldan-Brofeldt
Wendla Irene Soldan-Brofeldt, known as Venny (2 November 1863, Helsinki – 10 October 1945, Lohja) was a Finnish painter, illustrator, graphic artist, wood sculptor and jewelry designer. She belonged to the Swedish speaking population of Finland ...
.
He was impressed with the scenery there and would continue to visit regularly until 1936.
Later, he made several study trips; to Italy in 1894 and
Crimea
Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...
in 1899. That same year, he helped organize an international exhibition in Saint Petersburg, sponsored by ''
Mir Iskusstva
''Mir iskusstva'' ( rus, «Мир искусства», p=ˈmʲir ɪˈskustvə, ''World of Art'') was a Russian magazine and the artistic movement it inspired and embodied, which was a major influence on the Russians who helped revolutionize Eur ...
''.
In 1901, he built a home that he named "Suviranta" (Summer Beach) at the artists' colony near
Lake Tuusula, designed by
Usko Nyström. He lived there only until 1917, when he moved to Helsinki, but it is still owned and used by his family.
Suviranta
@ Ainola.
From 1902 to 1928, he taught drawing at the University of Helsinki. He was appointed professor there in 1912 and served as chairman of the "Finnish Academy of Fine Arts". His last major work was an altarpiece for the church in Raahe
Raahe (; sv, Brahestad; ) is a town and municipality of Finland. Founded by Swedish statesman and Governor General of Finland Count Per Brahe the Younger in 1649, it is one of 10 historic wooden towns (or town centers) remaining in Finland. Examp ...
, completed in 1926. A major retrospective was held in 2013, which included several previously unknown works.
Selected paintings
See also
* Golden Age of Finnish Art
The Golden Age of Finnish Art coincided with the national awakening of Finland, during the era of the Grand Duchy of Finland under the Russian Empire. It is believed to span an era from the late 19th Century to the early 20th Century, approximate ...
* Finnish art
Finnish art started to form its individual characteristics in the 19th century, when romantic nationalism began to rise in the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland.
Prehistoric art
Marks of human activity in Finland has found in Susiluola, Krist ...
Notes
References
Further reading
* Pontus Grate and Nils Göran Hökby, ed. ''1880-tal i nordiskt måleri'' he 1880s in Nordic painting(exh. cat., Stockholm: Nationalmuseum, 1985)
*Leena Lindqvist (ed.), ''Taiteilijan tiellä – Eero Järnefelt 1863–1937'' (The Artist's Path), Otava, 2002
* Marko Toppi (ed.), ''Eero ja Saimi Järnefeltin kirjeenvaihtoa ja päiväkirjamerkintöjä 1889–1914'' (correspondence and diaries, vol.1), SKS, 2009
* Marko Toppi (ed.), ''Vain tosi on pysyväistä. Eero ja Saimi Järnefeltin kirjeenvaihtoa ja päiväkirjamerkintöjä 1915–1944'' (correspondence and diaries, vol.2), SKS, 2013 .
*Kirk Varnedoe, ed. ''Northern Light: Realism and Symbolism in Scandinavian Painting, 1880–1910'' (exh. cat., New York, Brooklyn Museum of Art, 1982) ISBN
*Ludwig Wennervirta: ''Eero Järnefelt'', ''ja hänen aikansa 1863–1937'' (Helsinki: Otava, 1950)
External links
Arcadja Auctions: More works by Järnefelt
Finnish 10 Euro Coin (2013) honoring Eero Järnefelt
@ the Mint of Finland
Europeana
blog, from January 2020
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jarnefelt, Eero
1863 births
1937 deaths
Artists from Vyborg
People from Viipuri Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
Finnish people of German descent
19th-century Finnish nobility
Finnish realist painters
19th-century Finnish painters
20th-century Finnish painters