Edward Tyrer (born Egg;
Traditional Chinese
A tradition is a belief or behavior (folk custom) passed down within a group or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past. A component of cultural expressions and folklore, common examples include holidays or ...
: 戴磊華, formerly 邰華, 19 September 1917 – 24 August 2004) was a senior British colonial police officer who was
Commissioner of Police, Hong Kong, from December 1966 to July 1967.
When the
leftist riots broke out in May 1967, he was unable to command the Force because he had been on vacation leave in Britain. Shortly after returning in mid-June, he suddenly flew to London on 14 July to report the latest development to the
Commonwealth Office
The Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs was a British Cabinet minister responsible for dealing with the United Kingdom's relations with members of the Commonwealth of Nations (its former colonies). The minister's department was the Common ...
. And on 21 July, he was approved for early retirement on "health grounds", leaving many speculations as to the real reasons behind his decision. A few pieces of confidential official documents declassified and released in 2012 revealed that Tyrer was instructed to apply for immediate early retirement because he had refused to follow the instructions of the
acting governor
An acting governor is a person who acts in the role of governor. In Commonwealth jurisdictions where the governor is a vice-regal position, the role of "acting governor" may be filled by a lieutenant governor (as in most Australian states) or an ...
Michael Gass to suppress the riots.
Tyrer joined the
Trinidad
Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is often referred to as the southernmos ...
police force
The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and th ...
as a
police cadet
A police cadet can refer either to a trainee police officer or to a member of a youth organisation in which young people learn about and/or participate in law enforcement and police work.
Many police departments in the United States offer polic ...
in 1937 and was promoted to the rank of
Assistant Superintendent
Assistant superintendent, or assistant superintendent of police (ASP), is a rank that was used by police forces in the British Empire and is still used in many police forces in the Commonwealth. It was usually the lowest rank that could be held ...
the next year. During
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, he saw active service in the
Army
An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on ...
from 1939 to 1942 before serving briefly in
British India
The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one ...
's
police force
The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and th ...
. In September 1945, he joined the British provisional military administration of Hong Kong as a
captain
Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...
, handling policing matters in the territories. He was later appointed an Assistant Superintendent of the
Hong Kong Police
The Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) is the primary law enforcement, investigative agency, and largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong. The Royal Hong Kong Police Force (RHKPF) reverted to its former name after the t ...
in 1946, an
Assistant Commissioner in 1953, and
Deputy Commissioner in 1963. He was sent to Britain for advanced police training in 1952, 1956 and 1963 prior to becoming Commissioner.
Biography
Early years
Edward Tyrer was born Edward Tyrer Egg in
British Guiana
British Guiana was a British colony, part of the mainland British West Indies, which resides on the northern coast of South America. Since 1966 it has been known as the independent nation of Guyana.
The first European to encounter Guiana was S ...
(now
Guyana
Guyana ( or ), officially the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern mainland of South America. Guyana is an indigenous word which means "Land of Many Waters". The capital city is Georgetown. Guyana is bordered by the ...
) on 19 September 1917.
["List or Manifest of Alien Passengers for the United States Immigration Officer at Port of Arrival (Port of New York)" (9 May 1922), List 3.] He later renounced his surname and assumed the name of "Edward Tyrer" in 1945 by enrolling a
deed poll
A deed poll (plural: deeds poll) is a legal document binding on a single person or several persons acting jointly to express an intention or create an obligation. It is a deed, and not a contract because it binds only one party (law), party.
Et ...
in the
Supreme Court of England and Wales
The courts of England and Wales, supported administratively by His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service, are the civil and criminal courts responsible for the administration of justice in England and Wales.
The United Kingdom does not have a ...
.
[Issue 37198]
, ''London Gazette'', 27 July 1945, p. 15. Both his parents-
Richard Tyrer Egg, who was a native colonial legal officer in British Guiana who later became a high court judge in the
Gold Coast
Gold Coast may refer to:
Places Africa
* Gold Coast (region), in West Africa, which was made up of the following colonies, before being established as the independent nation of Ghana:
** Portuguese Gold Coast (Portuguese, 1482–1642)
** Dutch G ...
(now
Ghana
Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and To ...
).
["John Tyrer: Foreign Office civil servant" (21 May 2009)] and Lilian Maude Egg-were of English descent.
[ Tyrer had an elder sister called Leila Tyrer Egg as well as a younger brother called John Edgar Tyrer Egg.][ John was a ]Foreign Office
Foreign may refer to:
Government
* Foreign policy, how a country interacts with other countries
* Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in many countries
** Foreign Office, a department of the UK government
** Foreign office and foreign minister
* Unit ...
official who also renounced by deed poll his surname of "Egg" in 1963.[
Tyrer spent his early childhood in British Guiana before receiving education in England, where he entered, firstly, St Paul's School in London, and followed by ]Exeter College, Oxford
Exeter College (in full: The Rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford) is one of the Colleges of the University of Oxford, constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England and the fourth-oldest college of the un ...
.[''The Colonial Office List'' (1951), p. 658.] He began his law enforcement career when he joined the police force
The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and th ...
of Trinidad
Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is often referred to as the southernmos ...
, then a British crown colony
A Crown colony or royal colony was a colony administered by The Crown within the British Empire. There was usually a Governor, appointed by the British monarch on the advice of the UK Government, with or without the assistance of a local Council ...
, as a police cadet
A police cadet can refer either to a trainee police officer or to a member of a youth organisation in which young people learn about and/or participate in law enforcement and police work.
Many police departments in the United States offer polic ...
in 1937. He was promoted to the rank of Assistant Superintendent
Assistant superintendent, or assistant superintendent of police (ASP), is a rank that was used by police forces in the British Empire and is still used in many police forces in the Commonwealth. It was usually the lowest rank that could be held ...
the next year.[ When the ]Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
broke out, he saw active service in the Army
An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on ...
from 1939 to 1942.[''The Colonial Office List'' (1962), p. 452.] During the war he was first commissioned as 2nd. Lt Edward Tyrer Egg (service No. 338545) on 15 June 1944. At the end of the war in 1945 he relinquished his command and was promoted upon discharge as Hon. Captain E. Tyrer (service No. unchanged : 338545) but minus his surname "Egg". According to Sinclair, he then briefly served in the police force
The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and th ...
of British India before joining the civil administration in Hong Kong.[
]
Police career
In September 1945, Tyrer was transferred to the British provisional military administration of Hong Kong as a captain
Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...
, handling policing matters in the territories.[ When civil-colonial rule resumed in May 1946, he was appointed an Assistant Superintendent of the ]Hong Kong Police
The Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) is the primary law enforcement, investigative agency, and largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong. The Royal Hong Kong Police Force (RHKPF) reverted to its former name after the t ...
.[ In April 1951, he and P. I. M. Irwin were the first batch of officers in the Force who were promoted to the rank of Senior Superintendent. He was sent to the ]National Police College
The Police Staff College, Bramshill, Bramshill House, Bramshill, (near Hook) Hampshire, England, was until 2015 the principal police staff training establishment in England and Wales.
History
The need for a training college for the police wa ...
in Ryton-on-Dunsmore
Ryton-on-Dunsmore is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Rugby, Warwickshire, situated 5.5 miles (8.8 km) southeast of Coventry and 7.5 miles (12.1 km) west of Rugby, England. The 2001 Census recorded a population of 1,672 in the paris ...
, Warwickshire, to receive advanced police training in 1952.[ While in the United Kingdom, he joined the funeral procession of the late ]King George VI
George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was also the last Emperor of Ind ...
in London on 19 June 1952, representing the Hong Kong Police. He returned to Hong Kong in August the same year and was appointed an acting Assistant Commissioner. He was later formally promoted to that rank in February 1953.[〈警務處長伊輔返英渡假,邰華代警務處長〉(1965年2月21日)]
From May to June 1956, Tyrer was sent to the National Police College for a second time to attend a colonial police commanding course.[ He resumed his duty as an Assistant Commissioner upon completing the course and acted as Deputy Commissioner in several occasions from 1960 to 1963.][ In 1963, he was sent to Britain to receive advanced police training for a third time, this time at the ]Police Staff College, Bramshill
The Police Staff College, Bramshill, Bramshill House, Bramshill, (near Hook) Hampshire, England, was until 2015 the principal police staff training establishment in England and Wales.
History
The need for a training college for the police was ...
.[ Upon returning to Hong Kong, he succeeded the retiring Ken Bidmead as Deputy Commissioner in November the same year. As Deputy Commissioner, he acted as ]Commissioner
A commissioner (commonly abbreviated as Comm'r) is, in principle, a member of a commission or an individual who has been given a commission (official charge or authority to do something).
In practice, the title of commissioner has evolved to in ...
for a couple of times when his chief, Henry Heath, was on leave.[〈伊輔處長今晨離港,戴磊華陞處長〉(1966年12月19日)] In the capacity as acting Commissioner, he officiated at the opening of the new wing of Mongkok Police Station on 12 August 1965.
In October 1966, the Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs
The Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs was a British Cabinet minister responsible for dealing with the United Kingdom's relations with members of the Commonwealth of Nations (its former colonies). The minister's department was the Common ...
agreed to appoint Tyrer to succeed Heath, who had reached the normal retiring age of 55, as Commissioner of Police. He formally took up the appointment in December while Ted Eates, a Senior Assistant Commissioner, was in turn appointed Deputy Commissioner.[ Prior to the promotion, Tyrer had been bestowed a Colonial Police Medal in 1950 and a ]Queen's Police Medal
The King's Police Medal (KPM) is awarded to police in the United Kingdom for gallantry or distinguished service. It was also formerly awarded within the wider British Empire, including Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth countries, most of whic ...
in 1956.[
]
Early retirement
Soon after he became Commissioner, the leftist riots, which lasted for some seven months, broke out in May 1967. The massive civil disorder originated in a labour dispute at an artificial plastic flower factory in San Po Kong
San Po Kong () is an area in New Kowloon in Hong Kong. It is largely industrial and partly residential. Administratively, it belongs to Wong Tai Sin District.
Location
San Po Kong is located south of Wong Tai Sin and Diamond Hill, north of th ...
, East Kowloon
Kowloon East is the eastern part of Kowloon, covering the Wong Tai Sin and Kwun Tong District, with Kowloon City District occasionally included.
History
The boundary of Kowloon East is not strictly defined and hence varies. While traditionally t ...
, and was quickly fuelled by the local leftists and the "Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched by Mao Zedong in 1966, and lasting until his death in 1976. Its stated goal ...
" in the mainland.[〈六七暴動40周年回顧:走過香港文革的歲月〉(2007年05月06日)] On 6 May, clashes between the strikers and the police began and the situation turned so serious that a curfew
A curfew is a government order specifying a time during which certain regulations apply. Typically, curfews order all people affected by them to ''not'' be in public places or on roads within a certain time frame, typically in the evening and ...
in East Kowloon was declared by the government on 11 May.[梁可欣(2010年),54頁。] On 16 May, the leftists formed the Anti-British Struggle Committee
The Committee of Hong Kong and Kowloon Compatriots from All Circles for Struggle Against British Hong Kong Persecution, often shortened to the Anti-British Struggle Committee or simply the Struggle Committee, was a political committee establish ...
, aimed at "fighting against the oppressive colonial-rule of the British" and becoming a threat to the colonial authority.[《文化大革命志補卷一:赤禍香港》(造訪於2012年8月5日)]
Just before the outbreak of the civil disorder, it happened that Tyrer had been on vacation leave and had left Hong Kong for Britain since 3 May, leaving the Force to his deputy, Ted Eates.[ Under the command of Eates, the police responded to the rioters swiftly and toughly to control the situation. ]Riot police
Riot police are police who are organized, deployed, trained or equipped to confront crowds, protests or riots.
Riot police may be regular police who act in the role of riot police in particular situations or they may be separate units organize ...
were sent to maintain law and order and a curfew was briefly implemented on Hong Kong Island
Hong Kong Island is an Islands and peninsulas of Hong Kong, island in the southern part of Hong Kong. Known colloquially and on road signs simply as Hong Kong, the island has a population of 1,289,500 and its population density is 16,390/km ...
.[ Tyrer returned to Hong Kong and resumed command of the Force in mid-June but the situation did not relax.][ On 8 July, a gun fight between ]militiamen
A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...
from the mainland and the border police took place at Sha Tau Kok
Sha Tau Kok is a closed city, closed town in Hong Kong. The last remaining major settlement in the Frontier Closed Area, it is Hong Kong's northernmost town.
Geography
The small rural village of Sha Tau Kok is located on the northern sh ...
, killing five police officers, including three ethnic Chinese
The Chinese people or simply Chinese, are people or ethnic groups identified with China, usually through ethnicity, nationality, citizenship, or other affiliation.
Chinese people are known as Zhongguoren () or as Huaren () by speakers of s ...
and two ethnic Pakistani, and injuring many others.[〈殉職警員葬禮哀榮〉(1967年7月13日)] On the next day, the leftist rioters staged another attack in the downtown on Queen's Road West
Queen's Road is a collection of roads along the northern coast of Hong Kong Island, in Hong Kong, within the limit of Victoria City. It was the first road in Hong Kong, constructed by the British between 1841 and 1843, spanning across Victori ...
, where a 21-year-old ethnic Chinese police officer was fatally attacked with a hook
A hook is a tool consisting of a length of material, typically metal, that contains a portion that is curved or indented, such that it can be used to grab onto, connect, or otherwise attach itself onto another object. In a number of uses, one e ...
while on duty.[ These attacks attracted much attention from the media and intensified public panic in the colony.][
On 12 July, Tyrer, in full uniform and with his left arm wrapped in a black ribbon, led the Police Force to attend a number of ceremonies which mourned over the killed police officers.][ In the morning, he paid the last tribute to two ethnic Chinese policemen who were killed in the riots in a funeral at the St. Michael's Catholic Cemetery in Happy Valley.][ The funeral was followed by another public memorial ceremony held at the ]Police Headquarters
The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and th ...
in Wanchai
Wan Chai is situated at the western part of the Wan Chai District on the northern shore of Hong Kong Island, in Hong Kong. Its other boundaries are Canal Road to the east, Arsenal Street to the west and Bowen Road to the south. The area no ...
, in which he took the lead to follow Chinese tradition by bowing three times to the coffins of another two killed Chinese officers.[ In the evening, he attended one more ceremony at ]Kai Tak Airport
Kai Tak Airport was the international airport of Hong Kong from 1925 until 1998. Officially known as Hong Kong International Airport from 1954 to 6 July 1998, it is often referred to as Hong Kong International Airport, Kai Tak, or simply Ka ...
, where he escorted the coffins of two Pakistani officers killed in the gun fight of Sha Tau Kok to an aeroplane
An airplane or aeroplane (informally plane) is a fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine, propeller, or rocket engine. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations. The broad spectr ...
, sending the remains back to their ancestral home in Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...
.[
Two days later on 14 July, Tyrer suddenly flew to London. At first, the spokesman of the ]Information Services Department
The Information Services Department (ISD) is the Hong Kong Government's public relations office, publisher, advertiser, and news agency, serving as the link between the government and the media. It was also commonly called Government Informat ...
explained that he was to report the latest development and to discuss the structure of the Force with the senior officials of the Commonwealth Office
The Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs was a British Cabinet minister responsible for dealing with the United Kingdom's relations with members of the Commonwealth of Nations (its former colonies). The minister's department was the Common ...
.[〈戴磊華獲准退休,伊達善續署理警務處處長職務〉(1967年7月22日)] However, one week later on 21 July, it was announced by the Commonwealth Office that Tyrer could not return to Hong Kong on "health grounds" and had been approved for early retirement by the Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs.[ The announcement also stated that Tyrer would provide advisory services to the Commonwealth Office in the coming months before formally leaving the service. His deputy, Eates, was immediately appointed to succeed him as Commissioner of Police.][ The riots later came to an end in December 1967, some five months after Tyrer's early retirement.][
Tyrer was only 50 years of age at the time of his early retirement, which was five years before reaching the normal age of retirement of 55.][ He was also the shortest-serving Commissioner of Police in Hong Kong's history, serving for seven months only. His departure left many questions unanswered.][ Although the ]British government
ga, Rialtas a Shoilse gd, Riaghaltas a Mhòrachd
, image = HM Government logo.svg
, image_size = 220px
, image2 = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg
, image_size2 = 180px
, caption = Royal Arms
, date_es ...
announced that Tyrer had applied for early retirement on "health grounds", he had appeared to be both physically and mentally fit when he discharged his duties as Commissioner in numerous public occasions like the Force's prize-presenting ceremony. On 18 April 1967, he was even healthy enough to join the Force's blood donation
A blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for blood transfusion, transfusions and/or made into biopharmaceutical medications by a process called Blood fractionation, fractionation (separation of whole blood com ...
day. Since he had never been reported to have health problems, his decision to retire early sparked speculations.[ A major leftist newspaper, '']Ta Kung Pao
''Ta Kung Pao'' (; formerly ''L'Impartial'') is the oldest active Chinese language newspaper in China. Founded in Tianjin in 1902, the paper is state-owned, controlled by the Liaison Office of the Central Government after the Chinese Civil War ...
'', which described Tyrer as "a headsman whose hands were full of blood of Hong Kong Chinese", commented that he was forced to quit the job because of poor performance. Both the British government and the Hong Kong government
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, commonly known as the Hong Kong Government or HKSAR Government, refers to the Executive (government), executive authorities of Hong Kong Special administrative regions of China, ...
refused to disclose further details surrounding the early retirement of Tyrer but in later years it became known that Prime Minister Harold Wilson
James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, (11 March 1916 – 24 May 1995) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from October 1964 to June 1970, and again from March 1974 to April 1976. He ...
was very angry about the situation at the onset.[
]
Later years
Tyrer lived a quiet life in the United Kingdom in retirement and never publicly talked about his early retirement.[Sinclair (2004)] Many years later, he died at his home in Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire (; abbreviated Beds) is a ceremonial county in the East of England. The county has been administered by three unitary authorities, Borough of Bedford, Central Bedfordshire and Borough of Luton, since Bedfordshire County Council wa ...
on 24 August 2004, aged 86, taking the secret of his departure in 1967 to his grave.["Tyrer, Edward" (2004)] Kevin Sinclair Kevin Sinclair may refer to:
* Kevin Sinclair (journalist)
Kevin Maxwell Sinclair, MBE, (12 December 1942 – 23 December 2007) was a New Zealand journalist and author who spent more than 50 years reporting the news, over 40 of those in Hong ...
, a reporter of Hong Kong's ''South China Morning Post
The ''South China Morning Post'' (''SCMP''), with its Sunday edition, the ''Sunday Morning Post'', is a Hong Kong-based English-language newspaper owned by Alibaba Group. Founded in 1903 by Tse Tsan-tai and Alfred Cunningham, it has remained ...
'', attempted to search for documents in relation to Tyrer's early retirement from Hong Kong's Public Records Office and the Records and Historical Department of the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office
The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) is a Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom, department of the Government of the United Kingdom. Equivalent to other countries' Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ministries of fore ...
in 2004.[ Nevertheless, the requests were not answered, leaving unexplained the mystery of his decision not to return to duty.][
In a book on the 1967 Leftist riots published in 2012, the author, Hong Kong journalist Gary Ka-wai Cheung, provides some insights into the mysterious retirement of Tyrer. Citing a few pieces of colonial confidential documents just declassified and released by the British government, he reveals that in a secret meeting chaired by the ]acting governor
An acting governor is a person who acts in the role of governor. In Commonwealth jurisdictions where the governor is a vice-regal position, the role of "acting governor" may be filled by a lieutenant governor (as in most Australian states) or an ...
Michael Gass, Tyrer refused to follow the instructions of Gass to suppress the riots, fearing that he would be condemned or even face legal challenges.[ On 12 July 1967, Gass, losing confidence in Tyrer to lead the Police Force, requested him to apply for early retirement by 10:00 the next morning, or else the government would initiate compulsory retirement process against him.][ As a result, Tyrer applied for early retirement on "health grounds".][ Cheung further reveals that in a meeting with officials of the ]Commonwealth Office
The Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs was a British Cabinet minister responsible for dealing with the United Kingdom's relations with members of the Commonwealth of Nations (its former colonies). The minister's department was the Common ...
after returning to the United Kingdom, Tyrer questioned that the suppression would worsen the situation and would be a sign of backwardness of the government.[張家偉著(2012年),頁121至122。]
Honours
* :
**
Recipient of the Colonial Police Medal (CPM) (1950)
**
Recipient of the Queen's Police Medal
The King's Police Medal (KPM) is awarded to police in the United Kingdom for gallantry or distinguished service. It was also formerly awarded within the wider British Empire, including Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth countries, most of whic ...
(QPM) (1956)
See also
* Hong Kong 1967 Leftist riots
The 1967 Hong Kong riots were large-scale anti-government riots that occurred in Hong Kong during British Hong Kong, British colonial rule. Beginning as a minor labour dispute, the demonstrations eventually escalated into protests against the ...
* Commissioner of Police (Hong Kong)
The Commissioner of Police heads the Hong Kong Police Force and, in accordance with Section 4 of the Police Force Ordinance, reports to the Chief Executive of Hong Kong and the Security Bureau (Hong Kong), Security Bureau. As of June 2021, the ...
* Michael David Irving Gass
Sir Michael David Irving Gass (; 24 April 1916 – 27 February 1983) was the penultimate High Commissioner for the Western Pacific, Colonial Secretary of Hong Kong from 1965 until 1969, and the acting Governor of Hong Kong during the Hong Kong ...
Remarks
Footnotes
References
English materials
* "List or Manifest of Alien Passengers for the United States Immigration Officer at Port of Arrival (Port of New York)". US: Immigration Service, US Department of Labor, 9 May 1922.
* ''The Colonial Office List''. Great Britain: H.M.S.O., 1951.
* Edited by Luzzatto, Rola, ''Hong Kong Who's Who: An Almanac of Personalities and Their History, 1958– 1950''. Hong Kong: Ye Olde Printers, 1960.
* ''The Colonial Office List''. Great Britain: H.M.S.O., 1962.
* "The Force's "firsts"", ''OffBeat'' Issue 769. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Police Force, 18 February to 2 March 2004.
* Sinclair, Kevin, "Ex-police Chief Takes Secret of His Departure to the Grave", ''South China Morning Post''. Hong Kong: SCMP, 5 September 2004.
* "Tyrer, Edward", ''Calendars of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration (England and Wales)'', 2004.
* "John Tyrer: Foreign Office civil servant", ''The Times'', 21 May 2009.
Chinese materials
* 〈副警務處長必明達退休〉,《工商日報》第四頁,1963年11月24日。
* 〈警務處長伊輔返英渡假,邰華代警務處長〉,《華僑日報》第二張第一頁,1965年2月21日。
* 〈署理警務處長邰華官式譯名將改戴磊華〉,《華僑日報》第二張第一頁,1965年2月23日。
* 〈新旺角警署舉行啟用禮,署理警務處長戴磊華主持〉,《工商日報》第七頁,1965年8月12日。
* 〈伊輔十二月榮休,戴磊華將升任為警務處長〉,《華僑日報》第二張第三頁,1966年8月10日。
* 〈伊輔處長今晨離港,戴磊華陞處長〉,《華僑日報》第二張第一頁,1966年12月19日。
* 〈警務處長戴磊華勉勵警察須運用冷靜頭腦〉,《華僑日報》第二張第三頁,1967年3月11日。
* 〈警務處長戴磊華捐血〉,《華僑日報》第二張第三頁,1967年4月19日。
* 〈殉職警員葬禮哀榮〉,《華僑日報》第二張第三頁,1967年7月13日。
* 〈抗暴衝擊深達敵陣,戴磊華突「炒魷魚」反映港英傾軋甚深〉,《大公報》第一張第四版,1967年7月22日。
* 〈戴磊華獲准退休,伊達善續署理警務處長職務〉,《工商日報》第四頁,1967年7月22日。
* 梁可欣編,《最後六任港督的聲音》,香港:商務印書館,2010年。
*
六七暴動40周年回顧:走過香港文革的歲月,《蘋果日報》,2007年05月06日。
* 張家偉,《六七暴動:香港戰後歷史的分水嶺》。香港:香港大學出版社,2012年。
*
,延陵科學綜合室,造訪於2012年8月5日。
External links
*
Police Now & Then : The Force's "firsts"
, ''OffBeat'' Issue 769
*
Heads of the Force from 1945
, ''OffBeat'' Issue 773
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tyrer, Edward
1917 births
2004 deaths
People educated at St Paul's School, London
Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford
Hong Kong Police commissioners
British Army personnel of World War II
British Army General List officers
Hong Kong recipients of the Queen's Police Medal
Recipients of the Colonial Police Medal
British colonial police officers
British police officers in India