Edward Marion Augustus Chandler
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Edward Marion Augustus Chandler (1887–1973) was the second African American to receive a Ph.D. in chemistry while studying at
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U of I, Illinois, University of Illinois, or UIUC) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana. It is the flagship institution of the Univer ...
and was a founding faculty member at
Roosevelt University Roosevelt University is a private university with campuses in Chicago and Schaumburg, Illinois. Founded in 1945, the university was named in honor of United States President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. The unive ...
in Chicago.


Early life and education

Chandler was the first of eight children born to Annie M. (née Onley) (1861 - 1909) and
Henry Wilkins Chandler Henry Wilkins Chandler (September 22, 1852 – 1938) was an American lawyer, newspaperman, politician, and federal official. Born a freeman, he was the first African American graduate from Bates College in Lewiston, Maine. He served two terms in t ...
(1852 - 1938) in Ocala, Florida. Chandler's mother was a teacher from New York, and Chandler's father was the first Black graduate of
Bates College Bates College () is a private liberal arts college in Lewiston, Maine. Anchored by the Historic Quad, the campus of Bates totals with a small urban campus which includes 33 Victorian Houses as some of the dormitories. It maintains of nature p ...
in Maine who was an early African American lawyer, Florida state senator, and Republican Party Delegate. After completing high school, Chandler attended Teachers' College of Howard University where he received his
A.B. Bachelor of arts (BA or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts degree course is generally completed in three or four yea ...
in Education in 1913. He then went to
Clark University Clark University is a private research university in Worcester, Massachusetts. Founded in 1887 with a large endowment from its namesake Jonas Gilman Clark, a prominent businessman, Clark was one of the first modern research universities in the ...
and obtained his
M.S. A Master of Science ( la, Magisterii Scientiae; abbreviated MS, M.S., MSc, M.Sc., SM, S.M., ScM or Sc.M.) is a master's degree in the field of science awarded by universities in many countries or a person holding such a degree. In contrast to ...
in chemistry in 1914. His master thesis was titled ''On the dynamics of ester by acids.'' He completed his
Ph.D. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is ...
in chemistry in 1917 under the guidance
Roger Adams Roger Adams (January 2, 1889 – July 6, 1971) was an American organic chemist who developed the eponymous Adams' catalyst, and helped determine the composition of natural substances such as complex vegetable oils and plant alkaloids. He isolat ...
at the
University of Illinois The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U of I, Illinois, University of Illinois, or UIUC) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana. It is the flagship institution of the Univer ...
which made him the second African American to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry in the United States after
St. Elmo Brady Saint Elmo Brady (December 22, 1884 – December 25, 1966) was an American chemist who was the first African American to obtain a Ph.D. in chemistry in the United States. He received his doctorate at the University of Illinois in 1916. Ear ...
.https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/edward-chandler (accessed on May 1, 2020) His PhD thesis is titled "The Molecular rearrangement of Carbon Compounds".


Career

After completing his Ph.D., he worked in the dye firm of Dicks, David and Heller Company until 1921. Then he worked at the pharmaceutical manufacturer Abbott Laboratories. In 1924 Chandler left Abbott to become a consulting chemist in
Lake County, Illinois Lake County is situated in the northeastern corner of the U.S. state of Illinois, along the shores of Lake Michigan. As of the 2020 census, it has a population of 714,342, making it the third-most populous county in Illinois. Its county seat ...
. In 1945 Chandler was among the founding faculty of the new racially integrated Roosevelt College (now
Roosevelt University Roosevelt University is a private university with campuses in Chicago and Schaumburg, Illinois. Founded in 1945, the university was named in honor of United States President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. The unive ...
). Other pioneers at the school included sociologist
St. Clair Drake John Gibbs St. Clair Drake (January 2, 1911 – June 15, 1990)Calloway, Earl (June 28, 1990). "Memorial services held for Dr. Drake, noted author and Roosevelt professor." ''Chicago Defender'', p. 10. was an African-American sociologist and anthr ...
, modern dancer
Sybil Shearer Sybil Louise Shearer (February 23, 1912 November 17, 2005) Hunt, Marilyn (December 22, 2005). ''The Independent''; retrieved October 10, 2013. was an American choreographer, dancer and writer. She was hailed as a "maverick" or "nature mystic" ...
, and sociologist Rose Hum Lee. Chandler taught there for twenty years.


Professional memberships

*
American Chemical Society The American Chemical Society (ACS) is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry. Founded in 1876 at New York University, the ACS currently has more than 155,000 members at all ...
* Fellowship in Science *
Phi Lambda Upsilon Phi Lambda Upsilon National Honorary Chemical Society () was founded in 1899 at the Noyes Laboratory of the University of Illinois. Phi Lambda Upsilon was the first honor society dedicated to scholarship in a single discipline, chemistry. Object ...
*
Sigma Xi Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society () is a highly prestigious, non-profit honor society for scientists and engineers. Sigma Xi was founded at Cornell University by a junior faculty member and a small group of graduate students in 1886 ...


Family

He married Arstella May Thorton on September 2, 1915. They had four children together: Dean T. Chandler (1917), Helen Marie Chandler (1920), Ruth Annette Chandler (1922), and Beverly Jane Chandler (1925).


See also

*
St. Elmo Brady Saint Elmo Brady (December 22, 1884 – December 25, 1966) was an American chemist who was the first African American to obtain a Ph.D. in chemistry in the United States. He received his doctorate at the University of Illinois in 1916. Ear ...
- first African-American to obtain a PhD in chemistry in US (1916) *
Percy Lavon Julian Percy Lavon Julian (April 11, 1899 – April 19, 1975) was an American research chemist and a pioneer in the chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs from plants. He was the first to synthesize the natural product physostigmine and was a pioneer in ...
- third African-American to obtain a PhD in chemistry in US (1931) *
Marie Maynard Daly Marie Maynard Daly (April 16, 1921October 28, 2003) was an American biochemist. She was the first African-American to receive a Ph.D. from Columbia University and the first African-American woman in the United States to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry. ...
- first female African-American to obtain a PhD in chemistry in US (1947) *
List of African-American inventors and scientists This list of African Americans inventors and scientists documents many of the African-Americans who have invented a multitude of items or made discoveries in the course of their lives. These have ranged from practical everyday devices to applicat ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandler, Edward Marion Augustus 1887 births 1973 deaths African-American chemists 20th-century American chemists Clark University alumni Howard University alumni Organic chemists Scientists from Florida Scientists from Illinois People from Ocala, Florida 20th-century African-American scientists Chemists from Florida University of Illinois College of Liberal Arts and Sciences alumni