Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche (6 June 1556 – 18 August 1625) was an English diplomat. He is remembered chiefly for his lone vote against the condemnation of
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567.
The only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scot ...
, and for organising the stag hunt where his guest, the
Archbishop of Canterbury
The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. The current archbishop is Justi ...
, accidentally killed a man.
Early life
Zouche was the son of
George la Zouche, 10th Baron Zouche, of the noble Breton-origin
Zouche dynasty, and his wife Margaret, ''née'' Welby. He was a royal ward from 1570, under the care of
William Cecil. In a letter to Cecil written in 1596, Zouche confessed that he spent his patrimony as a youth, having indulged in "little searching for knowledge".
Marriage
In or around 1578, Zouche married his cousin Eleanor Zouche, daughter of Sir John Zouche and Eleanor, ''née'' Whalley. They had two daughters, Elizabeth and Mary, but, shortly after Mary's birth in 1582, Zouche left Eleanor and they lived apart until her death in 1611. Eleanor wrote to
Lord Burghley
William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (13 September 15204 August 1598) was an English statesman, the chief adviser of Queen Elizabeth I for most of her reign, twice Secretary of State (1550–1553 and 1558–1572) and Lord High Treasurer from 1 ...
, from her lodging in the Strand on 19 May 1593, following her father's death, still hoping to be reconciled with Zouche.
Sir John Holles wrote to Sir Edward Phillips describing her treatment;
Within a year of Eleanor's death, Zouche married again, to
Sarah Harington (1565-1629), daughter of Sir
James Harington. Sarah Harington had been twice widowed, having been previously married to
Francis Hastings, Baron Hastings
Francis Hastings, Lord Hastings (1560 – 17 December 1595) was the son of George Hastings, 4th Earl of Huntingdon and Dorothy Port. He married Sarah Harington, daughter of Sir James Harington and Lucy Sydney. They had five children:
* Catherine ...
, who would have been
Earl of Huntingdon
Earl of Huntingdon is a title which has been created several times in the Peerage of England. The medieval title (1065 creation) was associated with the ruling house of Scotland (David I of Scotland, David of Scotland).
The seventh and most rec ...
but predeceased his father, and Sir George Kingsmill. There were no children of this marriage.
[Donald F. Harris, PhD. ''The Mayflower Descendant'' (July 1994) vol. 44 no. 2 p. 110] With the death of Zouche, Sarah married Sir
Thomas Edmondes
Sir Thomas Edmonds (1563 – 20 September 1639) was an English diplomat and politician who served under three successive monarchs, Queen Elizabeth I, Kings James I and Charles I, and occupied the office of Treasurer of the Royal Household from ...
. Her portrait was painted by
Isaac Oliver
Isaac Oliver (c. 1565 – bur. 2 October 1617) or Olivier was an English portrait miniature painter.Baskett, John. ''Paul Mellon's legacy: a passion for British art'' (Yale University Press, 2007) pp. 240-1.
Life and work
Born in Rouen, ...
and by
Cornelius Johnson. The portraits by Johnson show her aged 63 wearing a large miniature case referring to
Frederick V of the Palatinate
Frederick V (german: link=no, Friedrich; 26 August 1596 – 29 November 1632) was the Elector Palatine of the Rhine in the Holy Roman Empire from 1610 to 1623, and reigned as King of Bohemia from 1619 to 1620. He was forced to abdicate both r ...
with the Greek letter "phi". A similar miniature case was described in an inventory of a Scottish soldier.
Career
Zouche matriculated from
Trinity College, Cambridge
Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1546 by Henry VIII, King Henry VIII, Trinity is one of the largest Cambridge colleges, with the largest financial endowment of any college at either Cambridge ...
in Easter 1570, M.A. 1571; and was admitted to
Gray's Inn
The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn, commonly known as Gray's Inn, is one of the four Inns of Court (professional associations for barristers and judges) in London. To be called to the bar in order to practise as a barrister in England and Wale ...
, 1575, though he was not admitted to the bar.
Zouche was appointed a Commissioner for the trial of
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567.
The only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scot ...
, at
Fotheringhay
Fotheringhay is a village and civil parish in Northamptonshire, England, north-east of Oundle and around west of Peterborough. It is most noted for being the site of Fotheringhay (or Fotheringay) Castle which was razed in 1627. There is not ...
. He was the only Commissioner to offer any dissent against her judgement and subsequent sentence of death.
In later years he served as Ambassador to Scotland, Lord
President of the Council of Wales and
Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
The Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports is a ceremonial official in the United Kingdom. The post dates from at least the 12th century, when the title was Keeper of the Coast, but may be older. The Lord Warden was originally in charge of the Cinqu ...
. He was a
Privy Counsellor
The Privy Council (PC), officially His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, is a privy council, formal body of advisers to the British monarchy, sovereign of the United Kingdom. Its membership mainly comprises Politics of the United King ...
from 1603.
Zouche was ambassador in Scotland from 5 January to 6 April 1594, at the time of the birth of
Prince Henry Prince Henry (or Prince Harry) may refer to:
People
*Henry the Young King (1155–1183), son of Henry II of England, who was crowned king but predeceased his father
*Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal (1394–1460)
*Henry, Duke of Cornwall (Ja ...
.
Sir Robert Cecil
Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, (1 June 156324 May 1612), was an English statesman noted for his direction of the government during the Union of the Crowns, as Tudor England gave way to Stuart rule (1603). Lord Salisbury served as the ...
complained that he had not received updates from Zouche, and he was very displeased to hear that Zouche and the diplomat
Robert Bowes had lent money to
Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell
Francis may refer to:
People
*Pope Francis, the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State and Bishop of Rome
*Francis (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters
*Francis (surname)
Places
*Rural Mu ...
on the security of a jewel and some silver plate. They had sent the jewel to London. Cecil wanted Zouche to make the loan seem a private transaction, a purchase of a jewel, and not to be known as an action of Queen Elizabeth to fund and support Bothwell, who was suspect in Scotland.
Zouche showed an interest in the New World, and was a Commissioner of the
Virginia Company
The Virginia Company was an English trading company chartered by King James I on 10 April 1606 with the object of colonizing the eastern coast of America. The coast was named Virginia, after Elizabeth I, and it stretched from present-day Main ...
from 1608. He was also interested in horticulture; his house in Hackney included a physic garden and he employed
Matthias L'Obel as his gardener.
The house in Hackney lay on the north side of Homerton High Street, probably on the site of the present Dean Close. The herbalist, John Gerard, visited Hackney and was given foreign seeds from Zouche's garden. Zouche ceased to be a Hackney resident before his death in 1625 and it is likely his house was sold in 1620, to
Sir Julius Caesar
Sir Julius Caesar (1557/155818 April 1636) was an English lawyer, judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1589 and 1622. He was also known as Julius Adelmare.
Early life and education
Caesar was born near ...
,
Master of the Rolls
The Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England, known as the Master of the Rolls, is the President of the Court of Appeal (England and Wales)#Civil Division, Civil Division of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales a ...
.
In 1605, Zouche purchased the manor of
Bramshill
Bramshill is a civil parish in the English county of Hampshire. Its name has become synonymous with the Police Staff College, Bramshill located in Bramshill House. Bramshill forms part of the district of Hart. It is bordered by the Rivers Whit ...
in Hampshire and almost immediately began to build
the mansion that currently stands on the site.
James I James I may refer to:
People
*James I of Aragon (1208–1276)
*James I of Sicily or James II of Aragon (1267–1327)
*James I, Count of La Marche (1319–1362), Count of Ponthieu
*James I, Count of Urgell (1321–1347)
*James I of Cyprus (1334–13 ...
stayed at Bramshill in 1620 and the next year
George Abbot,
Archbishop of Canterbury
The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. The current archbishop is Justi ...
, went down to Bramshill to consecrate a chapel for Lord Zouche. The visit had disastrous consequences for the Archbishop when he accepted Zouche's invitation to a stag-hunt, where Abbot unintentionally killed a gamekeeper who strayed into his line of fire. Although all the witnesses, including Zouche, agreed that the gamekeeper's death was a tragic accident, Abbot's reputation never recovered from the incident. He remains the only Archbishop of Canterbury ever to kill a man.
Bramshill was used as the UK
Police Staff College from 1960 to 2015.
Connection with More children on the ''Mayflower''
In 1620, Lord Zouche provided counsel and other help in an incident involving him and his longtime secretary
Samuel More
Samuel More (1593–1662) was an English man who was at the centre of two historical incidents in 17th-century England. In the first, he arranged for the removal of his children to the New World aboard the ''Mayflower''; later, during the English ...
, who was in his employ at the time of Zouche's death in 1625. More was the eldest son of a respected parliamentarian from Shropshire,
Richard More. He had married in 1610/11 to a cousin
Katherine More, and by 1616 was charging that she had committed adultery with a longtime lover, conceiving four children by him: Elinor, Jasper,
Richard
Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Frankish language, Old Frankish and is a Compound (linguistics), compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic language, Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' an ...
and Mary. Four rancorous years and twelve court appearances followed, culminating in 1620 with the four children being sent without their mother's knowledge
[Anthony R. Wagner "The Origin of the Mayflower Children: Jasper, Richard and Ellen More". ''The New England Historical and Genealogical Register'' (July 1960) vol. 114 pp. 164–168] to the
Colony of Virginia
The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colonial empire, English colony in North America, following failed attempts at settlement on Newfoundland (island), Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey GilbertG ...
on the ship ''
Mayflower
''Mayflower'' was an English ship that transported a group of English families, known today as the Pilgrims, from England to the New World in 1620. After a grueling 10 weeks at sea, ''Mayflower'', with 102 passengers and a crew of about 30, r ...
'' as
indentured servants
Indentured servitude is a form of labor in which a person is contracted to work without salary for a specific number of years. The contract, called an "indenture", may be entered "voluntarily" for purported eventual compensation or debt repayment, ...
,
upon the counsel of Lord Zouche, who was a
Virginia Company
The Virginia Company was an English trading company chartered by King James I on 10 April 1606 with the object of colonizing the eastern coast of America. The coast was named Virginia, after Elizabeth I, and it stretched from present-day Main ...
commissioner, acting on the request of Samuel More and his father Richard, who were searching for a location far away to which the children could be sent.
Death
Zouche died in 1625, after suffering illness for some time. His resting place is unknown. He was not buried in the parish church at Hackney, despite the verses penned by
Ben Jonson
Benjamin "Ben" Jonson (c. 11 June 1572 – c. 16 August 1637) was an English playwright and poet. Jonson's artistry exerted a lasting influence upon English poetry and stage comedy. He popularised the comedy of humours; he is best known for t ...
.
:Wherever I die, oh, here may I lie
:Along by my good Lord Zouche,
:That when I am dry, to the tap I may hie,
:And so back again to my couch.
On Zouche's death, the Barony of Zouche fell into
abeyance between his daughter Mary (who married in 1610 Thomas Leighton, son of
Sir Thomas Leighton the
Governor of Guernsey
The Bailiwick of Guernsey is a British crown dependency off the coast of France.
Holders of the post of Governor of Guernsey, until the role was abolished in 1835. Since then, only Lieutenant-Governors have been appointed (see Lieutenant Gover ...
) and the heirs of his daughter Elizabeth (died 1617, wife of
Sir William Tate).
historyofparliamentonline.org/, ''Tate, William (1559–1617), of Delapré, Northants''.
/ref> The abeyance was terminated in 1815 in favour of Cecil Bisshopp, 12th Baron Zouche
Cecil Bisshopp, 12th Baron Zouche, FRS (29 December 1752 – 11 November 1828) was a Member of Parliament for New Shoreham who afterwards became the 12th Baron Zouche.
He was the eldest son of Sir Cecil Bisshopp, 7th Baronet of Parham Park, ...
, whose grandmother Catherine Tate was Elizabeth's heir-at-law.
Offices
*Ambassador to Scotland
Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...
, January–April 1594
*Ambassador to Denmark
)
, song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast")
, song_type = National and royal anthem
, image_map = EU-Denmark.svg
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark
...
, June–July 1598
*Deputy Governor of Guernsey
Guernsey (; Guernésiais: ''Guernési''; french: Guernesey) is an island in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy that is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a British Crown Dependency.
It is the second largest of the Channel Islands ...
, 1600–01
*Lord President of the Council of Wales
Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the Wales–England border, east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the ...
, 14 June 1602 – 1607
*Privy Counsellor
The Privy Council (PC), officially His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, is a privy council, formal body of advisers to the British monarchy, sovereign of the United Kingdom. Its membership mainly comprises Politics of the United King ...
, 11 May 1603
*Commissioner of Claims for the Coronation of James I James I may refer to:
People
*James I of Aragon (1208–1276)
*James I of Sicily or James II of Aragon (1267–1327)
*James I, Count of La Marche (1319–1362), Count of Ponthieu
*James I, Count of Urgell (1321–1347)
*James I of Cyprus (1334–13 ...
, 7 July 1603
*Commissioner for compounding for knighthoods, 17 July 1603
*Commissioner to banish Jesuits
The Society of Jesus ( la, Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuits (; la, Iesuitæ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...
, 5 September 1604
*Commissioner to inquire into injuries done by pirates, 16 July 1609
*Councillor for the Virginia Company
The Virginia Company was an English trading company chartered by King James I on 10 April 1606 with the object of colonizing the eastern coast of America. The coast was named Virginia, after Elizabeth I, and it stretched from present-day Main ...
, beginning on 23 May 1609
*Councillor for New England
New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces ...
, 3 Nov 1602
*Commissioner to treat with France, 4 July 1610
* Commissioner for the Treasury, 16 June 1612 – 1614
*Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
The Confederation of Cinque Ports () is a historic group of coastal towns in south-east England – predominantly in Kent and Sussex, with one outlier (Brightlingsea) in Essex. The name is Old French, meaning "five harbours", and alludes to th ...
and Constable of Dover Castle
Dover Castle is a medieval castle in Dover, Kent, England and is Grade I listed. It was founded in the 11th century and has been described as the "Key to England" due to its defensive significance throughout history. Some sources say it is the ...
for life, 13 July 1615,
*Commissioner for the rendition of Flushing and Brill, 21 May 1616
*Privy Councillor (Scotland), 29 June 1617
*Commissioner to inquire into abuses in the Treasury, 10 July 1618
*Commissioner of Ecclesiastical Causes, 29 April 1620 and 21 January 1624/5
*Commissioner for defective titles of lands, 4 July 1622 and 26 July 1623.
References
External links
*
*
* The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles: With the Names of the Adventurers, Planters, and Governours from Their First Beginning, Ano: 1584. To This Present 1624. With the Proceedings of Those Severall Colonies and the Accidents That Befell Them in All Their Journyes and Discoveries. Also the Maps and Descriptions of All Those Countryes, Their Commodities, People, Government, Customes, and Religion Yet Knowne. Divided into Sixe Bookes. By Captaine Iohn Smith, Sometymes Governour in Those Countryes & Admirall of New England: p. 128 – electronic version at: http://docsouth.unc.edu/southlit/smith/smith.html#p21
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zouche, Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron
1556 births
1625 deaths
16th-century English nobility
17th-century English nobility
16th-century English diplomats
16th-century English judges
17th-century English judges
16th-century English lawyers
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Barons Zouche
Lord-Lieutenants of Herefordshire
Lord-Lieutenants of Shropshire
Lord-Lieutenants of Wales
Lord-Lieutenants of Worcestershire
Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports
Members of the Privy Council of England
Councilmen and Aldermen of the City of London
Ambassadors of England to Denmark
Ambassadors of England to Scotland
Members of the Privy Council of Scotland
Court of James VI and I