Edward Knowles (1744 – c. 28 December 1761) was an officer of the
Royal Navy, who saw service during the
Seven Years' War.
Knowles was born into a distinguished naval family, with his father rising to the rank of
admiral
Admiral is one of the highest ranks in some navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general in the army or the air force, and is above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet, ...
and receiving a
baronetcy for his services. Edward followed him into the navy, and served with several important officers in operations during the Seven Years' War, which he spent mostly in North American waters. He supported the
sieges of Louisbourg and
Quebec and made the acquaintance of the natural philosopher
John Robison, who spent some time as his mathematics tutor.
Knowles was eventually promoted to command his own ship, an elderly and much reworked vessel, which already had a reputation for being difficult to steer. He set off in poor weather to deliver important despatches to the British commands in the
Bay of Biscay
The Bay of Biscay (), known in Spain as the Gulf of Biscay ( es, Golfo de Vizcaya, eu, Bizkaiko Golkoa), and in France and some border regions as the Gulf of Gascony (french: Golfe de Gascogne, oc, Golf de Gasconha, br, Pleg-mor Gwaskogn), ...
but never returned. His ship was presumed to have foundered at sea with the loss of all hands.
Family and early life
Edward Knowles was born in 1744, the only son from the marriage of
Captain
Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...
Charles Knowles and Mary Alleyne, the sister of
John Alleyne.
His father became a noted naval officer, rising to the rank of
admiral
Admiral is one of the highest ranks in some navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general in the army or the air force, and is above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet, ...
and receiving a
baronetcy for his services to his country.
Edward attended
Eton College and then followed his father into the navy. He first served with a colleague of his father, Captain
Richard Howe, of .
He afterwards went out with Admiral
Sir Charles Saunders to the
Siege of Louisbourg in February 1759, aboard the 90-gun .
Accompanying him as his personal mathematics tutor was
John Robison, who spent the next few years with Edward, and would later serve with his father as a personal secretary. At Louisbourg Knowles took part in the assault on the 64-gun French ship ''Prudent'', anchored in the harbour, and was later promoted to
lieutenant during the voyage and operations to
capture Quebec. He transferred to the 100-gun
HMS ''Royal William'' to serve his commission.
Command
After his extended service in North America, Knowles was promoted to commander and appointed to the sloop
HMS ''Peregrine'' in 1761.
''Peregrine'' was the former
royal yacht
A royal yacht is a ship used by a monarch or a royal family. If the monarch is an emperor the proper term is imperial yacht. Most of them are financed by the government of the country of which the monarch is head. The royal yacht is most often c ...
''Royal Caroline'', which had been fitted with a
poop deck, which consequently made it difficult to
wear ship.
Knowle's tutor Robison had initially hoped to be made
purser of the ship, but found her small size less congenial than the larger men of war he had served on, and left after seeing some service in the
Bay of Biscay
The Bay of Biscay (), known in Spain as the Gulf of Biscay ( es, Golfo de Vizcaya, eu, Bizkaiko Golkoa), and in France and some border regions as the Gulf of Gascony (french: Golfe de Gascogne, oc, Golf de Gasconha, br, Pleg-mor Gwaskogn), ...
and
Lisbon
Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
.
After some time in command of HMS ''Peregrine'', Knowles was promoted and a commission made out for him as
post captain by the
Admiralty
Admiralty most often refers to:
*Admiralty, Hong Kong
* Admiralty (United Kingdom), military department in command of the Royal Navy from 1707 to 1964
*The rank of admiral
* Admiralty law
Admiralty can also refer to:
Buildings
*Admiralty, Tr ...
. It never reached him.
Final voyage
The imminent declaration of war with Spain necessitated the sending of despatches to the British commands at
Belle Isle and Lisbon, and Knowles was entrusted with the task. He rendezvoused with the fleet under Commodore
Augustus Keppel off Belle Isle and passed on the news.
Keppel attempted to persuade Knowles not to put to sea again owing to the stormy weather, but Knowles convinced Keppel to allow him to continue on.
Keppel relented, and ''Peregrine'' put to sea. She was never seen again. It was assumed that she had foundered with the loss of all hands on or sometime after 28 December 1761.
Legacy
Knowles predeceased his father, the baronetcy was therefore inherited by Sir Charles Knowles's second son,
Charles
Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English language, English and French language, French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic, Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*k ...
, Edward's half brother.
A posthumous portrait of Edward was commissioned from
Francis Cotes, based on a
silhouette and a description from his father.
Notes
a. The birth date of 1744 may be an error. The entry for Edward's father in the ''
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' records that Mary Alleyne died in 1742.
b. ''Peregrine'' was an elderly ship by this time. She had been launched in 1700 as ''Peregrine Galley'', a 20-gun
sixth rate but renamed ''Carolina'' in 1716 and converted into a royal yacht.
She had been rebuilt and renamed ''Royal Caroline'' in 1733, reclassified as a sixth rate in 1739, and finally converted to a sloop and renamed ''Peregrine''.
c. This proved to be a fortuitous decision for Robison, who went on to become a respected natural philosopher and inventor, and a
Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Citations
References
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Knowles, Edward
1744 births
1760s deaths
Royal Navy officers
Royal Navy personnel of the Seven Years' War
People educated at Eton College
Deaths by drowning
Deaths due to shipwreck