Eduard Rosé (born Eduard Rosenblum (29 March 1859 – 24 January 1943) was a German

cellist The cello ( ; plural ''celli'' or ''cellos'') or violoncello ( ; ) is a bowed (sometimes plucked and occasionally hit) string instrument of the violin family. Its four strings are usually tuned in perfect fifths: from low to high, C2, G2, D3 ...

and concert master.

Life

Born in

Iași Iași ( , , ; also known by other alternative names), also referred to mostly historically as Jassy ( , ), is the second largest city in Romania and the seat of Iași County. Located in the historical region of Moldavia, it has traditionally ...

(Romania), Born "Rosenblum", Rosé received his artistic education at the conservatory of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde from 1876 to 1879, where Karl Udel and Reinhold Hummer taught him cello playing. One of his fellow students was

Gustav Mahler Gustav Mahler (; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer he acted as a bridge between the 19th-century Austro-German tradition and the modernism ...

. Rosenblum made his debut as a concert musician in the Austrian capital on 11 July 1878. In 1882 he formed the Rosé Quartet with Arnold Josef Rosé, one of his three brothers, and two other musicians and from then on called himself Eduard Rosé. After only one year he concentrated on his solo career. Rosé worked as a cellist at the Royal Opera of Budapest, the Boston Symphony Orchestra (1898), the Berlin Philharmonic and finally (since September 1900) the Weimar State Orchestra. At the Deutsches Nationaltheater und Staatskapelle Weimar there, Rosé was appointed First Cellist and held this position until his retirement in 1926. At Weimar's conservatory, Rosé also gave cello and piano lessons to students. Although he converted to Protestantism in 1891, Rosé was still considered a Jew from 1933 onwards by the National Socialists, who had just come to power, and imposed appropriate restrictions. After his wife Emma Marie Eleanor Rosé-Mahler (1875–1933), Gustav Mahler's youngest sister, died in the year of the

Machtergreifung Adolf Hitler's rise to power began in the newly established Weimar Republic in September 1919 when Hitler joined the '' Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' (DAP; German Workers' Party). He rose to a place of prominence in the early years of the party. Be ...

, Rosé was defenceless against the harassment and repressions of the Nazis. In 1941, the old man was taken away by the

Gestapo The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...

for a harsh interrogation, because he had refused to wear the

Judenstern Yellow badges (or yellow patches), also referred to as Jewish badges (german: Judenstern, lit=Jew's star), are badges that Jews were ordered to wear at various times during the Middle Ages by some caliphates, at various times during the Medieva ...

in public, which has been obligatory for Jews since that year, and had not signed a letter with the second name "Israel", which has been obligatory for Jews since 1938. After that, the once celebrated cellist had to move to the so-called ghetto house reserved for Jews in Weimar's Belvederer Allee 6. Both he and his niece,

Alma Rosé Alma Maria Rosé (3 November 1906 – 4/5 April 1944) was an Austrian violinist of Jewish descent. Her uncle was the composer Gustav Mahler. She was deported by the Nazis to the concentration camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau. There, for 10 months, sh ...

, were eventually deported. On 20 September 1942, Rosé was deported from there to the Theresienstadt Ghetto, where he enjoyed a special position as a "celebrity prisoner" (like Mahler's brother-in-law, a preferred composer of Adolf Hitler). The musician emeritus died there in the early hours of 24 January 1943 at the age of 83, the official cause of death being "enteritis intestinal catarrh". His two sons Wolfgang and Ernst managed to escape to the United States in 1939 and 1941 For him and his sons, three Stolpersteine were affixed in Weimar.

Literature

* Bernhard Post: Eduard Rosé. ''Ein Musikerschicksal im Spannungsfeld zwischen europäischer Kultur und deutscher Provinz''. in ''Mainzer Zeitschrift, Mittelrheinisches Jahrbuch für Archäologie, Kunst und Geschichte'', Jg. 96/97, 2001/2002, . * Kay Weniger: ''Zwischen Bühne und Baracke. Lexikon der verfolgten Theater-, Film- und Musikkünstler 1933 bis 1945''.''Zwischen Bühne und Baracke. Lexikon der verfolgten Theater-, Film- und Musikkünstler 1933 bis 1945''
on WorldCat With a foreword by Paul Spiegel. Metropol, Berlin 2008, , .

References

External links

*
Eduard Rosé
on lexm.uni-hamburg.de
Eduard Rosé
in Österreichischen Biographischen Lexikon
Eduard Rosé
on holocaust.cz {{DEFAULTSORT:Rose, Eduard 1859 births 1943 deaths Musicians from Iași Romanian Jews Moldavian Jews Romanian emigrants to Germany German classical cellists German people who died in the Theresienstadt Ghetto Disease-related deaths in Czechoslovakia