Eduard Maximilian Prchal (January 1, 1911 – December 4, 1984) was a
Czechoslovakian
, rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי,
, common_name = Czechoslovakia
, life_span = 1918–19391945–1992
, p1 = Austria-Hungary
, image_p1 ...
pilot
An aircraft pilot or aviator is a person who controls the flight of an aircraft by operating its directional flight controls. Some other aircrew members, such as navigators or flight engineers, are also considered aviators, because they a ...
and sole survivor of a 1943 plane crash that killed the Polish Prime Minister.
Biography
Eduard Prchal was born into a family of cabinet makers. After completing his secondary education he worked for a brief period as a car sales representative. In October 1930, he was required to do military service; with help of his uncle, a colonel, he applied successfully to the Czechoslovak Air Force. His basic flying training ended in October 1931, and he was posted to an observation squadron based at
Hradec Králové
Hradec Králové (; german: Königgrätz) is a city of the Czech Republic. It has about 91,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of the Hradec Králové Region. The historic centre of Hradec Králové is well preserved and is protected by law as an ...
. Prchal was soon recognised as being a skilled pilot. In 1932 he graduated from flying training as an operational military pilot, and in 1934 he completed night flying training. Prchal served in the army until May 1937, then joined the
Baťa shoe company as a commercial pilot.
On June 22, 1939, soon after the German occupation of Czech lands, Prchal illegally crossed the border into Poland and a week later arrived in France. There he joined the
French Foreign Legion
The French Foreign Legion (french: Légion étrangère) is a corps of the French Army which comprises several specialties: infantry, Armoured Cavalry Arm, cavalry, Military engineering, engineers, Airborne forces, airborne troops. It was created ...
as the alternative to deportation. At the outset of World War II, Prchal joined the French
Armee de l'Air and made three "kills" during the
Battle of France. Two days after the French capitulation, he flew from Bordeaux to Bayonne and boarded a ship to England, where he joined the
Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve and later was posted to the
310th Czechoslovak Squadron. He destroyed three enemy aircraft by himself and shared in the destruction of three more.
["The Airmen's StoriesSgt. E M Prchal"]
, at the "Battle of Britain London Monument" project In March 1941, Prchal was posted as an instructor to train fighter pilots. At this time, he volunteered for training to become a night fighter pilot. Eventually he was transferred to Transport Command and repeatedly flew to
Gibraltar
)
, anthem = " God Save the King"
, song = " Gibraltar Anthem"
, image_map = Gibraltar location in Europe.svg
, map_alt = Location of Gibraltar in Europe
, map_caption = United Kingdom shown in pale green
, mapsize =
, image_map2 = Gib ...
and
Malta
Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...
. His role was also to fly
VIP
A very important person or personage (VIP or V.I.P.) is a person who is accorded special privileges due to their high social status, influence or importance. The term was not common until sometime after World War 2 by RAF pilots.
Examples inc ...
passengers to the Middle and Far East.
Eduard Prchal is now remembered chiefly as the pilot in the
crash of the B-24 at Gibraltar in July 1943 which
killed the commander-in-chief of the Polish Army and Prime Minister of the Polish Government in Exile
Władysław Sikorski
Władysław Eugeniusz Sikorski (; 20 May 18814 July 1943) was a Polish military and political leader.
Prior to the First World War, Sikorski established and participated in several underground organizations that promoted the cause for Polish i ...
, and 15 others.
[Tadeusz Kisielewski, ''Zamach. Tropem zabójców generała Sikorskiego.'' Poznań, ''Dom Wydawniczy Rebis'', 2006. .] The seriously injured Prchal was the only survivor. He resumed piloting VIPs in September 1943, making long-haul flights until the end of the Second World War.
In September 1943, Prchal was married to Dolores Šperková (1915–1990).
[
In August 1945, Prchal returned to Czechoslovakia and rejoined its Air Force until demobilization in early 1946. He then worked as the chief pilot of the Czechoslovak National Airline (ČSA), but he distrusted the new rulers of his homeland after the Communist Party seized power in 1948, and he feared arrest. On 30 September 1950, Prchal, his wife, their daughter, and six others flew from Prague to ]RAF Manston
Royal Air Force Manston or more simply RAF Manston is a former Royal Air Force station located in the north-east of Kent, at on the Isle of Thanet from 1916 until 1996. The site was split between a commercial airport Kent International Airpo ...
in England in a stolen plane.They Flew To Exile
(both in Czech and English)
Unable to find work as a pilot in England, Prchal moved with his family to the United States in 1952. Here, too, he failed to secure a position in either the air force or in the aeronautical industry. Instead, he worked in education in California until he retired in 1978.
Sikorski crash theories
In 1967,
Rolf Hochhuth
Rolf Hochhuth (; 1 April 1931 – 13 May 2020) was a German author and playwright, best known for his 1963 drama '' The Deputy'', which insinuates Pope Pius XII's indifference to Hitler's extermination of the Jews, and he remained a controversial ...
, a German playwright, included one theory of the 1943 crash in his play ''
Soldiers: An Obituary for Geneva''. Here it was an ‘accident’ initiated by
Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and again from ...
who had instructed the British Secret Service to make the necessary arrangements. Unaware that Prchal was still alive, Hochhuth accused the pilot of participating in this plot. A libel case resulted and a court in London found in favour of Prchal and awarded him substantial damages and costs of £50,000. Hochhuth moved to Switzerland and avoided the payments. The London theatre staging the play agreed to out-of-court compensation.
Prchal was later interviewed several times about the crash.
Literature
* Miloslav Pajer: ''Křídla pro vítězství a poválečnou obnovu – Českoslovenští letci u dopravních jednotek RAF a ve vojenském poválečném dopravním letectvu ČSR (1940–1950)'' (''Wings for victory and postwar reconstruction – Czechoslovak pilots in transport units of RAF and postwar Czechoslovakia''), 2004, .
* ''Vojenské osobnosti československého odboje'' (''Military figures of Czechoslovak resistance''), 2005, Vojenský historický ústav Praha – Vojenský historický ústav Bratislava,
Available online (pp. 238–39).
References
External links
Biography(in English)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Prchal, Eduard
1911 births
1984 deaths
Czech aviators
Czechoslovak World War II flying aces
Czechoslovak Royal Air Force pilots of World War II
Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States
Commercial aviators
People from St. Helena, California
People from Prague-West District
Sole survivors
Czechoslovak expatriates in the United Kingdom
Czechoslovak Air Force officers
Czechoslovak defectors
Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II