Eckhard Heinrich Hess (27 September 1916 – 21 February 1986) was a German-born American psychologist and ethologist, known for his research on

pupillometry Pupillometry, the measurement of pupil size and reactivity, is a key part of the clinical neurological exam for patients with a wide variety of neurological injuries. It is also used in psychology. Pupillometry in critical care For more than 100 ...

and

animal Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motilit ...

imprinting. He joined the Department of Psychology at the

University of Chicago The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Its main campus is located in Chicago's Hyde Park neighborhood. The University of Chicago is consistently ranked among the b ...

as an instructor in 1948. He became a full professor in the Department of Psychology in 1959, and served as its chairman from 1963 to 1968. Hess pioneered the study of animal behavior from an ethological/evolutionary perspective at a time when Skinner’s behaviorism was the dominant paradigm of animal behavior study in the United States.

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