Ealdred I of Bernicia

Ealdred (died c. 933) was a ruler of Bamburgh, at least part of the former kingdom of Bernicia in northern Northumbria, in the early tenth century. He was the son of Eadwulf.

Background

Ealdred's father, Eadwulf, called "king of the Saxons of the North" by the '' Annals of Ulster'', but only ''actor'' (possibly representing 'reeve') of Bamburgh by the chronicler Æthelweard, died in 913. Eadwulf may have also been ruler of all of Northumbria following Eowils and Halfdan who were killed at Tettenhall circa 910. The twelfth-century tract ''De Northumbria post Britannos'' describes Ealdred's father Eadwulf as the grandson of Ælla of Northumbria (d. 867), via a daughter of the latter, Æthelthryth (it does not name Eadwulf's father).

Life

Upon his father's death in 913, Ealdred succeeded him. The ''Historia de Sancto Cuthberto'' states that Ealdred "was a friend of King Edward the Elder, as his father had been a favourite of King Alfred the Great". Seemingly in the 910s, according to the same source, Ealdred was driven from at least some of his lands by Ragnall ua Ímair.

The ''Historia'' states that Ealdred sought refuge with Constantín mac Áeda, the king of Scotland, and that the two fought Ragnall at the Battle of Corbridge, dated by the ''Annals of Ulster'' and the ''Chronicle of the Kings of Alba'' to 918. The battle appears to have been indecisive and Ragnall remained the master of southern Northumbria, former Deira. However, if Ealdred was indeed "driven from his lands" then his regaining control of northern Northumbria was a decided benefit resulting from the battle.

In 924 Ealdred submitted to Edward the Elder, and on 12 July 927 he was one of the northern rulers who submitted to Edward's son King Æthelstan at Eamont Bridge. Ealdred's submission added Northumbria to Æthelstan's kingdom and is generally seen as the date of the foundation of the Kingdom of England.

Death

Ealdred was a witness to several of Æthelstan's charters issued in southern England in 931 or 932, but he was not recorded thereafter.Hudson, Ealdred The ''Annals of Clonmacnoise'' record in 934 that "''Adulf m'Etulfe'' king of the North Saxons died", and this may be the only notice of Ealdred's death, however, it is usually seen as a notice of a brother's death.

Family

Ealdred may have been Eadwulf's oldest son and the one who succeeded his father upon his death in 913. Historian Benjamin Hudson, writing for the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, speculated that Ealdred was "probably the father of Oswulf I of Bamburgh, who later ruled over southern Northumbria under King Eadred (d. 955)." However, according to a twelfth-century pedigree, a genealogy in the text ''De Northumbria post Britannos'' recording the ancestry of Waltheof Earl of Northampton (and, briefly, Northumbria), Oswulf's father was Eadwulf I Bamburgh. This would make Ealdred and Oswulf brothers, rather than father and son; the other siblings being Uhtred and '' Adulf mcEtulfe''.McGuigan, ′Ælla and the descendants of Ivar′, pp. 24–25.

References

Sources

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* Stenton, Sir Frank M., ''Anglo-Saxon England Third Edition''. Oxford University Press, 1971.
* Swanton, Michael, ''The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.'' Dent, 1996.
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External links

* ; also , ?

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10th-century deaths
Anglo-Saxon warriors
Northumbrian monarchs
10th-century English monarchs
Year of birth unknown
Rulers of Bamburgh