EU Military Operations

The European Union (EU) has undertaken a number of overseas missions and operations, drawing on civilian and military capabilities, in several countries across three continents (Europe, Africa and Asia), as part of its Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). The operation or mission in question will work in agreement and coordination with the EU delegations, until 2009 known as the ''European Security and Defence Policy'' (ESDP).

Organisation

Deployment procedure

The decision to deploy - together with any subsequent management of - the mission or operation in question, will ultimately be taken by the EU member states in the Foreign Affairs Council (FAC).

Military operations may be launched after four planning phases, through which the Operation Commander (Op. Cdr.), Military Staff (EUMS), Military Committee (EUMC), Political and Security Committee (PSC) and Council have different roles.

Command and control structure

Classification

In the EU terminology, civilian CSDP interventions are called ‘missions’, regardless of whether they have an executive mandate such as EULEX Kosovo or a non-executive mandate (all others). Military interventions, however, can either have an executive mandate such as for example Operation Atalanta in which case they are referred to as ‘operations’ and are commanded at two-star level; or non-executive mandate (e.g. EUTM Somalia) in which case they are called ‘missions’ and are commanded at one-star level.

Prefixes

All CSDP missions and operations are given a prefix depending on the nature of the mission, which is either military or civilian.

Civilian missions:
*
*Military advisory mission (EUMAM)
*Aviation security mission (EUAVSEC)
*Rule of law mission (EULEX)
*Mission in support of the security sector reform (EUSSR)
*Integrated rule of law mission (EUJUST)
*Mission to provide advice and assistance for security sector reform (EUSEC)
*Monitoring mission (EUMM)
*Advisory mission (EUAM)
*
*
*Police advisory team (EUPAT)

Military operations:
*
*
*

The operations are named as if the multinational force conducting it is established specifically for the unique operation, which is often the case. The force may however also consist of permanent multinational forces such as the European Corps.

List

As regards police in the Congo, the EU first provided assistance in setting up an Integrated Police Unit, under the mission title EUPOL Kinshasa, which began in April 2005. The mission monitored, mentored, and then advised the IPU, once the new unit was trained and operational under Congolese command. The mission finished on 30 June 2007, but EUPOL RD Congo was established as a successor mission, with an initial mandate until 30 June 2008. It consists of around 40 personnel.

EUPOL RD Congo was tasked to monitor, mentor and advise on the reform and restructuring of the Congolese National Police and to contribute to improving interaction between the police and the criminal justice system in the broader sense. The overall aim was to assist in building a "viable, professional and multiethnic/integrated ongolesepolice force." It was a mentoring/advisory mission without executive powers. It was specifically instructed to coordinate its action with the other international efforts in the field of police reform and the criminal justice system.

Historical proposals

EUFOR proposed:
* 1 April 2011: European Union Military Operation in Libya (EUFOR Libya): Proposed as a complement to NATO's aerial bombing campaign and no-fly zone in the Libyan Civil War.European Union External Action
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See also

Related topics of the Common Security and Defence Policy:
* Operations of the European Border and Coast Guard
* Defence forces of the European Union
* History of the Common Security and Defence Policy

Operations and exercises of the precursors of the Common Security and Defence Policy
* Missions of the Western European Union
* Exercises of the Western Union

Operations and exercises of the multinational forces made available to the CSDP in accordance with article 42.3 of the Treaty on European Union:
* List of operations of the European Maritime Force
* List of operations of the European Rapid Operational Force
* List of missions of the European Gendarmerie Force
* List of exercises of the European Maritime Force
* List of operations of the European Corps

Missions and exercises of other organisations:
* List of missions of the United Nations
* List of operations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
* List of exercises of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

Notes

References

External links

List of CSDP missions
Official Homepage

''EU Civilian and Military Missions 2003-14''
London School of Economics

PhD Thesis on Civilian CSDP - EU Civilian crisis management (University of Geneva, 2008, 441 p. in French)
* Benjamin Pohl (2013
The logic underpinning EU crisis management operations
''European Security'', 22(3): 307–325
DOI:10.1080/09662839.2012.726220

{{DEFAULTSORT:Military operations of the European Union

European Union
Missions
European Union