Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, (MAPK 1), also known as ERK2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MAPK1'' gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the

MAP kinase A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of protein kinase that is specific to the amino acids serine and threonine (i.e., a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase). MAPKs are involved in directing cellular responses ...

family. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as

proliferation Proliferation may refer to: Weapons *Nuclear proliferation, the spread of nuclear weapons, material, and technology *Chemical weapon proliferation, the spread of chemical weapons, material, and technology * Small arms proliferation, the spread of ...

, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. The activation of this

kinase In biochemistry, a kinase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy, phosphate-donating molecules to specific substrates. This process is known as phosphorylation, where the high-energy ATP molecule don ...

requires its

phosphorylation In chemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology and could be driven by natural selection. Text was copied from this source, wh ...

by upstream

s. Upon activation, this kinase translocates to the nucleus of the stimulated cells, where it phosphorylates nuclear targets. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein, but differing in the UTRs, have been reported for this gene. MAPK1 contains multiple amino acid sites that are phosphorylated and ubiquitinated.

Model organisms

Model organism A model organism (often shortened to model) is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workin ...

s have been used in the study of MAPK1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called ''Mapk1^{tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi}'' was generated as part of the

International Knockout Mouse Consortium The International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC) is a scientific endeavour to produce a collection of mouse embryonic stem cell lines that together lack every gene in the genome, and then to distribute the cells to scientific researchers to crea ...

program—a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty seven tests were carried out on mutant mice and three significant abnormalities were observed. No homozygous mutant embryos were identified during gestation, and therefore none survived until weaning. The remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant adult mice and males had decreased circulating amylase levels. Conditional deletion of ''Mapk1'' in B cells showed a role for MAPK1 in T-cell-dependent antibody production. A dominant gain-of-function mutant of ''Mapk1'' in transgenic mice showed a role for MAPK1 in T-cell development. Conditional inactivation of ''Mapk1'' in neural progenitor cells of the developing cortex lead to a reduction of cortical thickness and reduced proliferation in neural progenitor cells.

Interactions

MAPK1 has been shown to interact with: *

ADAM17 A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), also called TACE (''tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme''), is a 70-kDa enzyme that belongs to the ADAM protein family of disintegrins and metalloproteases. Chemical characteristics ADAM17 ...

, * CIITA, *

DUSP1 Dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DUSP1'' gene. Function The expression of DUSP1 gene is induced in human skin fibroblasts by oxidative/heat stress and growth factors. It specifies a protei ...

, * DUSP22, * DUSP3, * ELK1, * FHL2, * HDAC4, * MAP2K1, * MAP3K1 * MAPK14, *

MKNK1 MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MKNK1'' gene. Interactions MKNK1 has been shown to interact with MAPK1 and Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma Eukaryotic trans ...

, * MKNK2, * Myc, * NEK2, * PEA15, * PTPN7, * Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1, * RPS6KA1, * RPS6KA2, *

RPS6KA3 protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 3, also s RPS6KA3, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RPS6KA3'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) family of serine/threonine kinases. This kinase con ...

, *

SORBS3 Vinexin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SORBS3'' gene. Interactions SORBS3 has been shown to interact with DLG5 Disks large homolog 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DLG5'' gene. Function This gene encodes ...

, * STAT5A, * TNIP1, * TOB1, * TSC2, * UBR5, and * VAV1.

Clinical significance

Mutations in MAPK1 are implicated in many types of cancer.

References

External links

MAP Kinase Resource
. {{Portal bar, Biology, border=no Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases EC 2.7.11 Moonlighting proteins Genes mutated in mice