water treatment
Water treatment is any process that improves the Water quality, quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking water, drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recrea ...
device developed during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
W. D. Burrows, Prakash M. Temkar, COL(Ret) K. K. Phull, MAJ T. C. Timmes, and T. E. Richards: "Force Health Protection and Military Drinking Water Supplies" in ''U.S. Army Medical Department Journal'', January–March 2004, pp. 55-59, retrievable online at http://chppm (2009). /ref> at the
U.S. Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, cl ...
's
United States Army Engineer Research and Development Laboratory
The United States Army Engineer Research and Development Laboratory (ERDL) was a United States Army Corps of Engineers research facility located at Fort Belvoir, Virginia.
History
The ERDL was formed in 1947 when the Army's Engineer Board was re ...
at
Ft. Belvoir
Fort Belvoir is a United States Army installation and a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. It was developed on the site of the former Belvoir plantation, seat of the prominent Fairfax family for whom Fai ...
, Virginia.
Technically named the "Water Purification Unit, Van-Type, Body Mounted, Electric Motor Driven", the acronym was incorporated into the name of the purification device itself, creating the name by which it was most widely known, ERDLator, pronounced "erd-a-later".
The device was introduced into the field as a van-type body-mounted mobile unit, and proved vitally important to the operational effectiveness of deployed units under harsh field conditions, providing not only the water needed for survival, but clean potable water for staying healthy. This passage from a description of the
United States Marine Corps
The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through combi ...
Engineer Battalion illustrates the ERDLator's significance:
:"One of the most important units was the water supply platoon. This platoon operated...water purification plants called Erdalators that could remove silt and suspended matter, filter, and purify even contaminated stream water. Producing from 1-3,000 gallons (about 4,000 to 12,000 liters) per day -- the larger number was achieved using separate large rubberized settling tanks -- one unit could adequately supply an infantry battalion under adverse conditions" Oscar E. 'Ed' Gilbert with Duncan Anderson, consulting editor, 2006, ''The U.S. Marine Corps in the Vietnam War, III Marine Amphibious Force 1965-75'', Osprey Publishing Ltd., p. 36
ERDLator units of several production capacities were used for field water purification during the
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
.
The unit was replaced in 1979 by the
Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a partially permeable membrane to separate ions, unwanted molecules and larger particles from drinking water. In reverse osmosis, an applied pressure is used to overcome osmotic p ...
(ROWPU) ("Row-pew"), also developed by a U.S. Army laboratory. Developing water purification systems for military use has led to technological breakthroughs which have benefited the civilian community; the ERDLator was evaluated for technology transfer to the civilian sector for the decontamination of water polluted with
asbestos
Asbestos () is a naturally occurring fibrous silicate mineral. There are six types, all of which are composed of long and thin fibrous crystals, each fibre being composed of many microscopic "fibrils" that can be released into the atmosphere b ...
fibers.Don C. Lindsten: "Technology transfer: Water purification, U.S. Army to the civilian community." ''The Journal of Technology Transfer'', Vol. 9, No. 1 (September 1984), pp. 57-59