EIDORS is an

open-source Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use the source code, design documents, or content of the product. The open-source model is a decentralized sof ...

software tool box written mainly in

MATLAB MATLAB (an abbreviation of "MATrix LABoratory") is a proprietary multi-paradigm programming language and numeric computing environment developed by MathWorks. MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation ...

GNU Octave GNU Octave is a high-level programming language primarily intended for scientific computing and numerical computation. Octave helps in solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically, and for performing other numerical experiments using a langu ...

designed primarily for image reconstruction from

electrical impedance tomography Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a noninvasive type of medical imaging in which the electrical conductivity, permittivity, and impedance of a part of the body is inferred from surface electrode measurements and used to form a tomographic ...

(EIT) data, in a biomedical,

industrial Industrial may refer to: Industry * Industrial archaeology, the study of the history of the industry * Industrial engineering, engineering dealing with the optimization of complex industrial processes or systems * Industrial city, a city dominate ...

or geophysical setting. The name was originally an acronym for Electrical Impedance Tomography and Diffuse Optical Reconstruction Software. While the name reflects the original intention to cover image reconstruction of data from the mathematically similar near infra red

diffuse optical imaging Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) is a method of imaging using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or fluorescence-based methods. When used to create 3D volumetric models of the imaged material DOI is referred to as diffuse optical tomography, whereas ...

, to date there has been little development in that area. The project was launched in 1999 W R B Lionheart, S R Arridge, M Schweiger, M Vauhkonen and J P Kaipio, Electrical Impedance and Diffuse Optical Tomography Reconstruction Software, Proceedings of the 1st World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, pp 474–477, Buxton, Derbyshire, 1999 with a Matlab code for 2D EIT reconstruction which had its origin in the PhD thesis of Marko Vauhkonen and the work of his supervisor Jari Kaipio at the University of Kuopio. While Kuopio also developed a three dimensional EIT code this was not released as open-source. Instead the three dimensional version of EIDORS was developed from work done at UMIST (now

University of Manchester , mottoeng = Knowledge, Wisdom, Humanity , established = 2004 – University of Manchester Predecessor institutions: 1956 – UMIST (as university college; university 1994) 1904 – Victoria University of Manchester 1880 – Victoria Univer ...

) by Nick Polydorides and William Lionheart.

Methods and models

The forward models in EIDORS use the finite element method and this requires mesh generation for sometimes irregular objects (such as human bodies), and the meshing needs to reflect the electrodes used to drive and measure current in EIT. For this purpose an interface was developed to the Netgen Mesh Generator.

History

As the project grew there was a desire to incorporate forward modelling and reconstruction code from a variety of groups and Andy Adler and Lionheart developed a more extensible software system. The most recent version is 3.10, released in Dec, 2019. The EIDORS project also includes a repository of EIT data distributed under open-source licenses.

Applications

EIDORS has been extensively used in biomedical applications of EIT, including lung imaging, measuring cardiac output.Martin Proença ''et al.'', Influence of heart motion on cardiac output estimation by means of electrical impedance tomography: a case study Physiological Measurement 2015 36 1075 It has been used for investigation of imaging electrical activity in the brain,Kirill Y. Aristovich et al Imaging fast electrical activity in the brain with electrical impedance tomography NeuroImage 2016 124 204 and monitoring conductivity changes during radio-frequency ablation. Hun Wi ''et al.'' Real-time conductivity imaging of temperature and tissue property changes during radiofrequency ablation: An ex vivo model using weighted frequency difference Bioelectromagnetics 2015 36 277 Outside medical imaging the toolbox has been used in process tomography, Kent Wei ''et al.'', ITS Reconstruction Tool-Suite: An inverse algorithm package for industrial process tomography Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 2015 46 292 geophysics Suze-Anne Korteland and Timo Heimovaara, Quantitative inverse modelling of a cylindrical object in the laboratory using ERT: An error analysis Journal of Applied Geophysics 2015 and materials science.Gerard J. Gallo and Erik T. Thostenson Spatial damage detection in electrically anisotropic fiber-reinforced composites using carbon nanotube networks Composite Structures 2015

References

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External links

EIDORS website on Sourceforge
Medical imaging Inverse problems