This list contains a list of
EC numbers for the sixth group, EC 6,
ligases
In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining (ligation) of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond. This is typically via hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the larger molecules or the enzym ...
, placed in numerical order as determined by the Nomenclature Committee of the
International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) is an international non-governmental organisation concerned with biochemistry and molecular biology. Formed in 1955 as the International Union of Biochemistry (IUB), the union ...
. All official information is tabulated at the website of the committee. The database is developed and maintained by Andrew McDonald.
EC 6.1: Forming Carbon-Oxygen Bonds
EC 6.1.1: Ligases Forming Aminoacyl-tRNA and Related Compounds (
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS or ARS), also called tRNA-ligase, is an enzyme that attaches the appropriate amino acid onto its corresponding tRNA. It does so by catalyzing the transesterification of a specific cognate amino acid or its pre ...
)
* :
tyrosine—tRNA ligase
* :
tryptophan—tRNA ligase
* :
threonine—tRNA ligase
* :
leucine—tRNA ligase
* :
isoleucine—tRNA ligase
* :
lysine—tRNA ligase
* :
alanine—tRNA ligase
* : Deleted
* :
valine—tRNA ligase
In enzymology, a valine—tRNA ligase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:ATP + L-valine + tRNAVal \rightleftharpoons AMP + diphosphate + L-valyl-tRNAVal
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-valine, and tRNA(Val), wher ...
* :
methionine—tRNA ligase
* :
serine—tRNA ligase
* :
aspartate—tRNA ligase
* :
D-alanine—poly(phosphoribitol) ligase
* :
glycine—tRNA ligase
* :
proline—tRNA ligase
* :
cysteine—tRNA ligase
In enzymology, a cysteine—tRNA ligase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:ATP + L-cysteine + tRNACys \rightleftharpoons AMP + diphosphate + L-cysteinyl-tRNACys
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-cysteine, and tRNA ...
* :
glutamate—tRNA ligase
* :
glutamine—tRNA ligase
* :
arginine—tRNA ligase
In enzymology, an arginine—tRNA ligase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:ATP + L-arginine + tRNAArg \rightleftharpoons AMP + diphosphate + L-arginyl-tRNAArg
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-arginine, and tRNA( ...
* :
phenylalanine—tRNA ligase
In enzymology, a phenylalanine—tRNA ligase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:ATP + L-phenylalanine + tRNAPhe \rightleftharpoons AMP + diphosphate + L-phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-phenyl ...
* :
histidine—tRNA ligase
In enzymology, a histidine-tRNA ligase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:ATP + L-histidine + tRNAHis \rightleftharpoons AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNAHis
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-histidine, and tRN ...
* :
asparagine—tRNA ligase
* :
aspartate—tRNAAsn ligase
* :
glutamate—tRNAGln ligase
* EC 6.1.1.25: The tRNA
Pyl is now known only to be charged with pyrrolysine (cf. )
* :
pyrrolysine—tRNAPyl ligase
* :
''O''-phospho-L-serine—tRNA ligase
* EC 6.1.1.28: proline/cysteine—tRNA ligase. Later published work having demonstrated that this was not a genuine enzyme, EC 6.1.1.28 was withdrawn at the public-review stage before being made official
EC 6.1.2: Acid—alcohol ligases (ester synthases)
* :
D-alanine—(''R'')-lactate ligase
* : nebramycin 5′ synthase *
: * No Wikipedia article
EC 6.1.3: Cyclo-ligases
* : olefin β-lactone synthetase *
: * No Wikipedia article
EC 6.2: Forming Carbon-Sulfur Bonds
EC 6.2.1: Acid-Thiol Ligases
* :
acetate—CoA ligase
* :
medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase
* :
long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase
The long chain fatty acyl-CoA ligase (or synthetase) is an enzyme () of the ligase family that activates the oxidation of complex fatty acids. Long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase catalyzes the formation of fatty acyl-CoA by a two-step process p ...
* :
succinate—CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
* :
succinate—CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
* :
glutarate—CoA ligase
* :
cholate—CoA ligase
* :
oxalate—CoA ligase
* :
malate—CoA ligase
* :
carboxylic acid—CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
* :
biotin—CoA ligase
* :
4-coumarate—CoA ligase
* :
acetate—CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
* :
6-carboxyhexanoate—CoA ligase
* :
arachidonate—CoA ligase
* :
acetoacetate—CoA ligase
* :
propionate—CoA ligase
* :
citrate—CoA ligase
* :
long-chain-fatty-acid—protein ligase
* :
long-chain-fatty-acid— cyl-carrier-proteinligase
* EC 6.2.1.21: Activity covered by , phenylacetate—CoA ligase
* :
itrate (''pro''-3''S'')-lyaseligase
* :
dicarboxylate—CoA ligase
* :
phytanate—CoA ligase
* :
benzoate—CoA ligase
* :
''o''-succinylbenzoate—CoA ligase
* :
4-hydroxybenzoate—CoA ligase
In enzymology, a 4-hydroxybenzoate—CoA ligase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:ATP + 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA \rightleftharpoons AMP + diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, 4-hydrox ...
* :
3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholestanate—CoA ligase
* EC 6.2.1.29: Deleted, identical to , cholate—CoA ligase
* :
phenylacetate—CoA ligase
* :
2-furoate—CoA ligase
* :
anthranilate—CoA ligase
* :
4-chlorobenzoate—CoA ligase
* :
''trans''-feruloyl-CoA synthase
* :
acetate— cyl-carrier proteinligase
* :
3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase
* :
3-hydroxybenzoate—CoA ligase
3-Hydroxybenzoate—CoA ligase (, ''3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA synthetase'', ''3-hydroxybenzoate-coenzyme A ligase (AMP-forming)'', ''3-hydroxybenzoyl coenzyme A synthetase'', ''3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA ligase'') is an enzyme with List of enzymes, systematic ...
* :
(2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl)acetyl-CoA synthase
* :
utirosin acyl-carrier protein€”
L-glutamate ligase
* : 4-hydroxybutyrate—CoA ligase (AMP-forming) *
* : 3-
3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1''H''-inden-4-ylropanoate—CoA ligase *
* : 3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oate—CoA ligase *
* : 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-methyl-1-naphthoate—CoA ligase *
* : 3-(methylthio)propionyl—CoA ligase *
* : E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme *
* :
L-''allo''-isoleucine—holo-
maA peptidyl-carrier proteinligase *
* : medium-chain-fatty-acid—
cyl-carrier-proteinligase *
* : carnitine—CoA ligase *
* : long-chain fatty acid adenylyltransferase FadD28 *
* : 4-hydroxybenzoate adenylyltransferase FadD22 *
* : 4-hydroxyphenylalkanoate adenylyltransferase FadD29 *
* :
L-firefly luciferin—CoA ligase *
* :
L-proline—
small>L-prolyl-carrier proteinligase *
* :
D-alanine—
small>D-alanyl-carrier proteinligase *
* : E1 SAMP-activating enzyme *
* : 4-hydroxybutyrate—CoA ligase (ADP-forming) *
* : long-chain fatty acid adenylase/transferase FadD23 *
* : isophthalate—CoA ligase *
* : long-chain fatty acid adenylase/transferase FadD26 *
* : marinolic acid—CoA ligase *
* : salicylate—
ryl-carrier proteinligase *
* : 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate—
ryl-carrier proteinligase *
* :
L-arginine—
small>L-arginyl-carrier proteinligase *
* : E1 NEDD8-activating enzyme *
* : salicylate—CoA ligase *
* : glyine—
lycyl-carrier proteinligase *
* :
L-alanine—
small>L-alanyl-carrier proteinligase *
* :
L-glutamate—
small>L-glutamyl-carrier proteinligase *
* :
L-cysteine—
small>L-cysteinyl-carrier proteinligase *
* :
L-threonine—
small>L-threonyl-carrier proteinligase *
* : 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate—
ryl-carrier proteinligase *
* :
L-serine—
small>L-seryl-carrier proteinligase *
* :
L-tryptophan—
small>L-tryptophyl-carrier proteinligase *
* : 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoate—
cyl-carrier proteinligase *
+ : indoleacetate—CoA ligase
: * No Wikipedia article
EC 6.2.2: Amide—thiol ligases
* : thioglycine synthase *
* : oxazoline synthase *
* : thiazoline synthase *
: * No Wikipedia article
EC 6.3: Forming Carbon-Nitrogen Bonds
EC 6.3.1: Acid—Ammonia (or Amine) Ligases (Amide Synthases)
* :
aspartate—ammonia ligase
* :
glutamine synthetase
Glutamine synthetase (GS) () is an enzyme that plays an essential role in the metabolism of nitrogen by catalyzing the condensation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine:
Glutamate + Adenosine triphosphate, ATP + NH3 → Glutamine + Ad ...
* : Now , phosphoribosylamine—glycine ligase
* :
aspartate—ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
* :
NAD+ synthase
* :
glutamate—ethylamine ligase
* :
4-methyleneglutamate—ammonia ligase
* :
glutathionylspermidine synthase
* :
trypanothione synthase
* :
adenosylcobinamide-phosphate synthase
* :
glutamate—putrescine ligase
* :
D-aspartate ligase
* :
L-cysteine:1D-''myo''-inositol 2-amino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside ligase
* :
diphthine—ammonia ligase
* : 8-demethylnovobiocic acid synthase *
* EC 6.3.1.16: The enzyme was discovered at the public-review stage to have been misclassified and so was withdrawn. See , carbapenam-3-carboxylate synthase
* : β-citrylglutamate synthase *
* : γ-glutamylanilide synthase *
* : prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein ligase *
* : lipoate—protein ligase *
* : phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 *
: * No Wikipedia article
EC 6.3.2: Acid—Amino-Acid Ligases (Peptide Synthases)
* :
pantoate—β-alanine ligase (AMP-forming)
* :
glutamate—cysteine ligase
* :
glutathione synthase
* :
D-alanine—D-alanine ligase
* :
phosphopantothenate—cysteine ligase (CTP)
* :
phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase
In molecular biology, the protein domain SAICAR synthase is an enzyme which catalyses a reaction to create SAICAR. In enzymology, this enzyme is also known as phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase (). It is an enzyme that c ...
* :
UDP-''N''-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate—L-lysine ligase
* :
UDP-''N''-acetylmuramate—L-alanine ligase
* :
UDP-''N''-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine—D-glutamate ligase
* :
UDP-''N''-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase
* :
carnosine synthase
* :
dihydrofolate synthase
* :
UDP-''N''-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate—2,6-diaminopimelate ligase
* :
enterobactin synthase
* EC 6.3.2.15: Deleted, The activity observed is due to , UDP-''N''-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide
D-alanyl-
D-alanine ligase
* :
D-alanine—alanyl-poly(glycerolphosphate) ligase
* :
tetrahydrofolate synthase
* :
γ-glutamylhistamine synthase
* EC 6.3.2.19: The ubiquitinylation process is now known to be performed by several enzymes in sequence, starting with (ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1) and followed by several transfer reactions, including those of (E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme) and (RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase)
* :
indoleacetate—lysine synthetase
* EC 6.3.2.21: The reaction is performed by the sequential action of (ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1), several ubiquitin transferases and finally by
biquitin transferase RING E3 (calmodulin-selective)* EC 6.3.2.22: Now , diphthine—ammonia ligase.
* :
homoglutathione synthase
* :
tyrosine—arginine ligase
* :
tubulin—tyrosine ligase
* :
''N''-(5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthase
* EC 6.3.2.27: The activity is covered by two independent enzymes, ''N''
2-citryl-''N''
6-acetyl-''N''
6-hydroxylysine synthase, and , aerobactin synthase
* EC 6.3.2.28: Now ,
L-alanine-
L-anticapsin ligase
* :
cyanophycin synthase (L-aspartate-adding)
* :
cyanophycin synthase (L-arginine-adding)
* :
coenzyme F420-0:L-glutamate ligase
* :
coenzyme γ-F420-2:α-L-glutamate ligase
* :
tetrahydrosarcinapterin synthase
* :
coenzyme F420-0:L-glutamate ligase
* :
D-alanine—D-serine ligase
* :
4-phosphopantoate—β-alanine ligase
* :
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate—D-lysine ligase
* :
''N''2-citryl-''N''6-acetyl-''N''6-hydroxylysine synthase
* :
aerobactin synthase
In enzymology, an aerobactin synthase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:4 ATP + citrate + 2 N6-acetyl-N6-hydroxy-L-lysine + 2 H2O \rightleftharpoons 4 ADP + 4 phosphate + aerobactin
The 4 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, ...
* : cyclopeptine synthase *
* : ''N''-acetylaspartylglutamate synthase *
* : synthase *
* :
mino-group carrier protein€”
L-2-aminoadipate ligase *
* : pantoate—β-alanine ligase (ADP-forming) *
* : UDP-''N''-acetylmuramate—
L-alanyl-γ-
D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate ligase *
* : fumarate—(''S'')-2,3-diaminopropanoate ligase *
* : dapdiamide synthase *
* :
L-arginine-specific
L-amino acid ligase *
* :
L-alanine—
L-anticapsin ligase *
* : tenuazonic acid synthetase *
* : phosphopantothenate—cysteine ligase (ATP) *
* : jasmonoyl—
L-amino acid ligase *
* : UDP-''N''-acetylmuramoyl-
L-alanine—
L-glutamate ligase *
* :
L-2,3-diaminopropanoate—citrate ligase *
* : 2-
L-alanin-3-ylcarbamoyl)methyl3-(2-aminoethylcarbamoyl)-2-hydroxypropanoate synthase *
* : staphyloferrin B synthase *
* : staphyloferrin A synthase *
* :
D-ornithine—citrate ligase *
* : 3-methyl-
D-ornithine—
L-lysine ligase *
* : glutamate—
mino group carrier proteinligase *
* : tubulin-glutamate ligase *
* : β-tubulin-glutamate ligase *
: * No Wikipedia article
EC 6.3.3: Cyclo-Ligases
* :
phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase
Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase (AIR synthetase) is the fifth enzyme () in the ''de novo'' synthesis of purine nucleotides. It catalyzes the reaction to form 5-aminoimidazole ribotide (AIR) from formylglycinamidine-ribonucleotide FG ...
* :
5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase
* :
dethiobiotin synthase
* :
(carboxyethyl)arginine β-lactam-synthase
* : ''O''-ureido-
D-serine cyclo-ligase *
* : carbapenam-3-carboxylate synthase *
* : Ni-sirohydrochlorin ''a,c''-diamide reductive cyclase *
: * No Wikipedia article
EC 6.3.4: Other Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases
* EC 6.3.4.1: Now included in , GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
* :
CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolysing)
* :
formate—tetrahydrofolate ligase
* :
adenylosuccinate synthase
In molecular biology, adenylosuccinate synthase (or adenylosuccinate synthetase) () is an enzyme that plays an important role in purine biosynthesis, by catalysing the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-dependent conversion of inosine monophosphate (I ...
* :
argininosuccinate synthase
Argininosuccinate synthase or synthetase (ASS; ) is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of argininosuccinate from citrulline and aspartate. In humans, argininosuccinate synthase is encoded by the '' ASS gene'' located on chromosome 9.
ASS ...
* :
urea carboxylase
In enzymology, a urea carboxylase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:ATP + urea + HCO3- \rightleftharpoons ADP + phosphate + urea-1-carboxylate
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, urea, and HCO3-, whereas its 3 products ...
* :
ribose-5-phosphate—ammonia ligase
* :
imidazoleacetate—phosphoribosyldiphosphate ligase
* :
biotin— ethylmalonyl-CoA-carboxytransferaseligase
* :
biotin— ethylmalonyl-CoA-carboxytransferaseligase
* :
biotin— ethylcrotonoyl-CoA-carboxylaseligase
* :
glutamate—methylamine ligase
* :
phosphoribosylamine—glycine ligase
''Phosphoribosylamine—glycine ligase'', also known as glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase (GARS), () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:ATP + 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + glycine \rightleftharpoons ADP + phosphate +
which i ...
* :
biotin carboxylase
In enzymology, a biotin carboxylase () is an enzyme that Catalysis, catalyzes the chemical reaction
: ATP + biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein + CO2 \rightleftharpoons ADP + phosphate + carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein
The three Substrate ...
* :
biotin— iotin carboxyl-carrier proteinligase
* :
carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia)
* :
formate—dihydrofolate ligase
* :
5-(carboxyamino)imidazole ribonucleotide synthase
* :
tRNAIle-lysidine synthase
* :
7-cyano-7-deazaguanine synthase
* :
nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase
* : tRNA
Ile2-agmatinylcytidine synthase *
* : formate—phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ligase *
* : tyramine—
L-glutamate ligase *
* : 2-amino-2′-deoxyadenylo-succinate synthase *
: * No Wikipedia article
EC 6.3.5: Carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-''N''-donor
* :
NAD+ synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
* :
GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
* :
phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase
In enzymology, a phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:ATP + ''N''2-formyl-''N''1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + H2O \rightleftharpoons ADP + phosphate + 2-(formamido)- ...
* :
asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
Asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (, ''asparagine synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing)'', ''glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase'', ''asparagine synthetase B'', ''AS'', ''AS-B'') is an enzyme with systematic name ''L-aspartate:L-glutam ...
* :
carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
* :
asparaginyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
* :
glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
* EC 6.3.5.8: Now , aminodeoxychorismate synthase. As ATP is not hydrolysed during the reaction, the classification of the enzyme as a ligase was incorrect
* :
hydrogenobyrinic acid ''a,c''-diamide synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
* :
adenosylcobyric acid synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
* :
cobyrinate ''a,c''-diamide synthase
* : Ni-sirohydrochlorin ''a,c''-diamide synthase *
* : lipid II isoglutaminyl synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) *
: * No Wikipedia article
EC 6.4: Forming Carbon-Carbon Bonds
EC 6.4.1: Ligases that form carbon-carbon bonds (only sub-subclass identified to date)
* :
pyruvate carboxylase
Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) encoded by the gene PC is an enzyme () of the ligase class that catalyzes (depending on the species) the physiologically irreversible carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate (OAA).
Image:Pyruvic-acid-2D-ske ...
* :
acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a biotin-dependent enzyme () that catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA through its two catalytic activities, biotin carboxylase (BC) and carboxyltransferase (CT). ACC is ...
* :
propionyl-CoA carboxylase
Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (, PCC) catalyses the carboxylation reaction of propionyl-CoA in the mitochondrial matrix. PCC has been classified both as a ligase and a lyase. The enzyme is biotin-dependent. The product of the reaction is (S)-methylmal ...
* :
methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase
* :
geranoyl-CoA carboxylase
* :
acetone carboxylase
* :
2-oxoglutarate carboxylase
* :
acetophenone carboxylase
* : coenzyme F
430 synthetase *
: *No Wikipedia article
EC 6.5: Forming Phosphoric Ester Bonds
EC 6.5.1: Ligases that form phosphoric-ester bonds (only sub-subclass identified to date)
* :
DNA ligase (ATP)
* :
DNA ligase (NAD+)
* :
RNA ligase (ATP)
* :
RNA 3′-terminal-phosphate cyclase (ATP)
* : RNA 3′-terminal-phosphate cyclase (GTP) *
* : DNA ligase (ATP or NAD
+) *
* : DNA ligase (ATP, ADP or GTP) *
* : 3′-phosphate/5′-hydroxy nucleic acid ligase *
* : cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate synthase *
: * No Wikipedia article
EC 6.6: Forming Nitrogen-Metal Bonds
EC 6.6.1: Forming Coordination Complexes
* :
magnesium chelatase
Magnesium-chelatase is a three-component enzyme () that catalyses the insertion of Mg2+ into protoporphyrin IX. This is the first unique step in the synthesis of chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll. As a result, it is thought that Mg-chelatase ...
* :
cobaltochelatase
EC 6.7: Forming nitrogen-nitrogen bonds
EC 6.7.1: Forming diazo bonds
* : 3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate *
: * No Wikipedia article
References
{{Reflist
Ligases
EC6