E. Cuyler Hammond
   HOME

TheInfoList



Click Here for Items Related To - E. Cuyler Hammond
OR:
E. Cuyler Hammond on:   [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Amazon]

E. Cuyler Hammond (June 14, 1912 – November 3, 1986) was an American biologist and
epidemiologist Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population. It is a cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidenc ...
who was one of the first researchers to establish a link between smoking and lung cancer.


Biography

Hammond was a native of Baltimore, Maryland and educated at the Gilman Country Day School. He studied biology at
Yale Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wor ...
(B.S. 1935) and earned a D.Sc. in
biology Biology is the scientific study of life. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary i ...
from
Johns Hopkins Johns Hopkins (May 19, 1795 – December 24, 1873) was an American merchant, investor, and philanthropist. Born on a plantation, he left his home to start a career at the age of 17, and settled in Baltimore, Maryland where he remained for most ...
(1938). From 1938 to 1942, he worked as a statistician in the Division of Industrial Hygiene at the
National Institute of Health The National Institutes of Health, commonly referred to as NIH (with each letter pronounced individually), is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It was founded in the late 1 ...
, and in 1941 and 1942 he was a consultant for medical research to the Navy. He then served in what became the Air Force from 1942 to 1946, rising to the rank of major. From 1946 to 1966, he was director of the statistical research section of the
American Cancer Society The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a nationwide voluntary health organization dedicated to eliminating cancer. Established in 1913, the society is organized into six geographical regions of both medical and lay volunteers operating in more than ...
, becoming vice president for epidemiology and statistics until 1977. From 1953 to 1958 he was also a professor of
biometry Biostatistics (also known as biometry) are the development and application of statistical methods to a wide range of topics in biology. It encompasses the design of biological experiments, the collection and analysis of data from those experime ...
at Yale. In 1952, Hammond published an early report linking cigarette smoking and lung cancer. Two years later he published the initial findings of a study of 180,000 men which confirmed the high risk of death from all causes as a result of smoking cigarettes. Later research demonstrated a link between smoking cigarettes and cancers other than lung cancer. The research also showed a decreased risk of cancer after people stopped smoking and a relationship between cigarette smoking and cancer in women. To develop on his 1952 conclusions, he helped to establish in 1959 a force of more than 60,000 volunteers who worked for the American Cancer Society to gather data on the smoking habits of more than 1 million Americans. He also published, in collaboration with Dr. Oscar Auerbach, a series of studies of the cellular changes caused by smoking. Other studies in the 1960s and 1970s demonstrated the carcinogenic effects of asbestos and vinyl chloride. In 1976, he was awarded the prestigious
Hodgkins Medal The Hodgkins Medal is awarded annually or biennially by the Smithsonian Institution for important contributions to the understanding of the physical environment as it affects the welfare of man. It was established in 1893 in honor of Thomas Geor ...
of the
Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums and education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge". Founded ...
for his contributions to the wellbeing of mankind. He died in 1986. He had married twice: firstly Marian E. Thomas, with whom he had three sons, and secondly Katharine S. Redmond.


See also

*
Health effects of tobacco Tobacco use has predominantly negative effects on human health and concern about health effects of tobacco has a long history. Research has focused primarily on cigarette smoking. Tobacco smoke contains more than 70 chemicals that cause can ...
*
Richard Doll Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll (28 October 1912 – 24 July 2005) was a British physician who became an epidemiologist in the mid-20th century and made important contributions to that discipline. He was a pioneer in research linking smoking ...


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Hammond, E. Cuyler 1912 births 1986 deaths People from Baltimore Yale University alumni Johns Hopkins University alumni American biologists American epidemiologists 20th-century biologists Members of the National Academy of Medicine