Dz is a
digraph of the
Latin script
The Latin script, also known as Roman script, is an alphabetic writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae, in southern ...
, consisting of the consonants
D and
Z. It may represent , , or , depending on the language.
Usage by language
''Dz'' generally represents in Latin alphabets, including
Hungarian,
Kashubian,
Latvian,
Lithuanian,
Polish,
Slovak, and the
Latin Macedonian However, in
Dene Suline (Chipewyan) and
Cantonese Pinyin
Cantonese Pinyin (, also known as ) is a romanization system for Cantonese developed by the Rev. Yu Ping Chiu (余秉昭) in 1971, and subsequently modified by the Education Department (merged into the Education and Manpower Bureau since 2003) ...
it represents , and in
Vietnamese it is a
pronunciation respelling
A pronunciation respelling is a regular phonetic respelling of a word that has a standard spelling but whose pronunciation according to that spelling may be ambiguous, which is used to indicate the pronunciation of that word. Pronunciation respe ...
of the letter ''D'' to represent .
Esperanto
Some Esperanto grammars, notably ''Plena Analiza Gramatiko de Esperanto,'' consider ''dz'' to be a digraph for the voiced affricate , as in ''edzo'' "husband". The case for this is "rather weak". Most Esperantists, including Esperantist linguists (Janton, Wells), reject it.
Hungarian
is the seventh letter of the
Hungarian alphabet
The Hungarian alphabet () is an extension of the Latin alphabet used for writing the Hungarian language.
The alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet, with several added variations of letters. The alphabet consists of the 26 letters of the ISO b ...
. It is called ''dzé'' () as a letter of the alphabet, where it represents the
voiced alveolar affricate
A voiced alveolar affricate is a type of affricate consonant pronounced with the tip or blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (gum line) just behind the teeth. This refers to a class of sounds, not a single sound. There are several type ...
phoneme .
⟨Dz⟩ and ⟨dzs⟩ were recognized as individual letters in the 11th edition of
Hungarian orthography (1984). Prior to that, they were analyzed as two-letter combinations ⟨d⟩+⟨z⟩ and ⟨d⟩+⟨zs⟩.
Length
Like most Hungarian consonants, the sound can be
geminated
In phonetics and phonology, gemination (), or consonant lengthening (from Latin 'doubling', itself from '' gemini'' 'twins'), is an articulation of a consonant for a longer period of time than that of a singleton consonant. It is distinct fr ...
. However, the letter is only
doubled in writing (to ) when an
assimilated suffix is added to the stem: ''eddze, lopóddzon''.
In several words, it is pronounced
long
Long may refer to:
Measurement
* Long, characteristic of something of great duration
* Long, characteristic of something of great length
* Longitude (abbreviation: long.), a geographic coordinate
* Longa (music), note value in early music mensu ...
, e.g. ''bodza, madzag, edz, pedz.'' In some other ones, short, e.g. ''dzadzíki, dzéta, Dzerzsinszkij'' (usually at the beginning of words), though it is always short after another consonant (e.g. in ''brindza'').
In several verbs ending in ''-dzik'' (approximately fifty), there is a free alternation with ''-zik,'' e.g. ''csókolódzik'' or ''csókolózik, lopódzik'' or ''lopózik.'' In other verbs, there is no variation: ''birkózik, mérkőzik'' (only with ) but ''leledzik, nyáladzik'' (only with , pronounced long). In some other verbs, there is a difference in meaning: ''levelez(ik)'' "to correspond", but ''leveledzik'' "to produce leaves".
Collation
Usage of this letter is similar to that of
Polish and
Slovak languages: though is a digraph composed of and , it is considered one letter, and even
acronym
An acronym is a word or name formed from the initial components of a longer name or phrase. Acronyms are usually formed from the initial letters of words, as in ''NATO'' (''North Atlantic Treaty Organization''), but sometimes use syllables, as ...
s keep the letter intact.
Polish
Dz generally represents . However, when followed by ''i'' it is
palatalized to .
Examples of ''dz''
(''bell'')
(''kind, type'')
Compare dz followed by i:
(''child'')
(''girl, girlfriend'')
Slovak
In Slovak, the digraph dz is the ninth
letter of the
Slovak alphabet. Example words with this phoneme include:
* medzi = ''between'', ''among''
* hrádza = ''dam'', ''dike''
The digraph may never be divided by
hyphenation:
* medzi → me-dzi
* hrádza → hrá-dza
However, when d and z come from different
morpheme
A morpheme is the smallest meaningful Constituent (linguistics), constituent of a linguistic expression. The field of linguistics, linguistic study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology (linguistics), morphology.
In English, morphemes are ...
s, they are treated as separate letters, and must be divided by hyphenation:
* odzemok = ''type of folk dance'' → od-ze-mok
* nadzvukový = ''supersonic'' → nad-zvu-ko-vý
In both cases od- (''from'') and nad- (''above'') are a
prefix
A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word. Adding it to the beginning of one word changes it into another word. For example, when the prefix ''un-'' is added to the word ''happy'', it creates the word ''unhappy''. Particul ...
to the stems zem (''earth'') and zvuk (''sound'').
Vietnamese
''Dz'' is sometimes used in
Vietnamese name
Traditional Vietnamese personal names generally consist of three parts, used in Eastern name order.
* A family name (normally patrilineal, The father’s family name may be combined with the mother's family name to form a compound family name) ...
s as a
pronunciation respelling
A pronunciation respelling is a regular phonetic respelling of a word that has a standard spelling but whose pronunciation according to that spelling may be ambiguous, which is used to indicate the pronunciation of that word. Pronunciation respe ...
of the letter ''D''. Several common Vietnamese given names start with the letter ''D'', including , , and . Whereas ''D'' is pronounced as some sort of dental or alveolar stop in most Latin alphabets, an unadorned ''D'' in the
Vietnamese alphabet
The Vietnamese alphabet ( vi, chữ Quốc ngữ, lit=script of the National language) is the modern Latin writing script or writing system for Vietnamese. It uses the Latin script based on Romance languages originally developed by Portuguese m ...
represents either (Hanoian) or (Saigonese), while the letter ''Đ'' represents a
voiced alveolar implosive
The voiced alveolar implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . The IPA symbol is lowercase letter ''d'' with a rightward hook pro ...
() or, according to
Thompson
Thompson may refer to:
People
* Thompson (surname)
* Thompson M. Scoon (1888–1953), New York politician
Places Australia
*Thompson Beach, South Australia, a locality
Bulgaria
* Thompson, Bulgaria, a village in Sofia Province
Canada ...
(1959), a
preglottalized voiced alveolar stop
The voiced alveolar, dental and postalveolar plosives (or stops) are types of consonantal sounds used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosiv ...
().
''Z'' is not included in the Vietnamese alphabet as a letter in its own right.
Many Vietnamese cultural figures spell their family names, pen names, or stage names with ''Dz'' instead of ''D'', emphasizing the Hanoian pronunciation. Examples include the songwriter
Dzoãn Mẫn, the poet
Hồ Dzếnh, and the television chef
Nguyễn Dzoãn Cẩm Vân.
Other examples include
Bùi Dzinh and
Trương Đình Dzu.
Some
Overseas Vietnamese residing in English-speaking countries also replace ''D'' with ''Dz'' in their names. A male named may spell his name to avoid being called "
dung" in social contexts.
Examples of this usage include Vietnamese-Americans
Việt Dzũng and
Dzung Tran
Dzung Tran is a retired Vietnamese-American soccer player who spent time in the Major Indoor Soccer League, Western Soccer Alliance and National Professional Soccer League.
In 1978, Tran, his father and brother, escaped Vietnam after the commu ...
. (Occasionally, ''D'' is instead replaced by ''Y'' to emphasize the Saigonese pronunciation, as with
Yung Krall.
)
Unicode
''Dz'' is represented in
Unicode
Unicode, formally The Unicode Standard,The formal version reference is is an information technology standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. The standard, wh ...
as three separate glyphs within the
Latin Extended-B block. It is one of the rare characters that has separate glyphs for each of its
uppercase
Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing ...
,
title case
Title case or headline case is a style of capitalization used for rendering the titles of published works or works of art in English. When using title case, all words are capitalized, except for minor words (typically articles, short prepositions, ...
, and
lowercase
Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing ...
forms.
The single-character versions are designed for compatibility with Yugoslav encodings supporting
Romanization of Macedonian, where this digraph corresponds to the Cyrillic letter
Ѕ.
Variants
Additional variants of the Dz digraph are also encoded in Unicode.
* is used in the Croatian, Bosnian, and Slovak alphabets as a letter in its own right.
* is the all-
capitals form of U+01C5 (
Dž).
* is the
lowercase
Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing ...
form of U+01C5 (Dž).
* was historically used to represent the
Voiced alveolar affricate in the
International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standardized representation ...
.
* is the superscript form of U+02A3 and is an
IPA superscript letter
* was historically used to represent the
Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate in the IPA.
* is the superscript form of U+02A5 and is an
IPA superscript letter
* is used in Sinological and Tibetanist transcription for a
voiced retroflex affricate
The voiced retroflex sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , sometimes simplified to or . It occurs in such language ...
.
* is the superscript form of U+AB66 and is an
IPA superscript letter
* is a ligature of lowercase ''d'' and
ezh (a ''z'' with a tail), formerly used in the
IPA
* is the superscript form of U+02A4 and is an
IPA superscript letter
* is used in
phonetic transcription
* has been used in phonetic descriptions of
Polish
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dz (Digraph)
Polish language
Hungarian language
Latin-script digraphs
Vietnamese language