Dutch Standards are environmental pollutant reference values (i.e., concentrations in environmental medium) used in

environmental remediation Environmental remediation deals with the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water. Remedial action is generally subject to an array of regulatory requirements, and may a ...

, investigation and cleanup. Barring a few exceptions, the target values are underpinned by an environmental risk analysis wherever possible and apply to individual substances. In most cases, target values for the various substances are related to a national background concentration that was determined for the Netherlands.

Groundwater Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. About 30 percent of all readily available freshwater in the world is groundwater. A unit of rock or an unconsolid ...

target values provide an indication of the benchmark for environmental quality in the long term, assuming that there are negligible risks for the ecosystem. For metals a distinction is made between deep and shallow groundwater. This is because deep and shallow groundwater contain different background concentrations. An arbitrary limit of 10 metres has been adopted. The target values shown below are for 'shallow' groundwater, 0 – 10 m depth. The soil remediation intervention values indicate when the functional properties of the soil for humans, plants and animals is seriously impaired or threatened. They are representative of the level of contamination above which a serious case of

soil contamination Soil contamination, soil pollution, or land pollution as a part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activit ...

is deemed to exist. The target values for

soil Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Some scientific definitions distinguish ''dirt'' from ''soil'' by restricting the former ...

are adjusted for the

organic matter Organic matter, organic material, or natural organic matter refers to the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. It is matter composed of organic compounds that have ...

(

humus In classical soil science, humus is the dark organic matter in soil that is formed by the decomposition of plant and animal matter. It is a kind of soil organic matter. It is rich in nutrients and retains moisture in the soil. Humus is the Lati ...

) content and soil fraction <0.2 µm ('' Lutum'' - Latin, meaning "mud" or "clay"). The values below are calculated for a 'Standard Soil' with 10% organic matter and 25% ''lutum''. A case of environmental contamination is defined as 'serious' if >25 m³ soil or >100 m³ groundwater is contaminated above the intervention value. The values presented below are from Annex 1, Table 1, "Groundwater target values and soil and groundwater intervention values". In previous versions of the Dutch Standards, target values for soil were also present. However, in the 2009 version, target values for soils have been deleted for all compounds except metals. {, class="wikitable" , - ! Parameter , , colspan="2" ,

Soil Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Some scientific definitions distinguish ''dirt'' from ''soil'' by restricting the former ...

(mg/kg dry matter) , , colspan="2" ,

( µg/ L) , - ! , , Target value , , Intervention value , , Target value , , Intervention value , - ! colspan=5 , , - ! colspan=5 , I

metal A metal (from Greek μέταλλον ''métallon'', "mine, quarry, metal") is a material that, when freshly prepared, polished, or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are typica ...

s , - ,

antimony Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from la, stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient t ...

(Sb) , , 3.0 , , 15 , , 0.15 , , 20 , - ,

arsenic Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in combination with sulfur and metals, but also as a pure elemental crystal. Arsenic is a metalloid. It has various allotropes, ...

(As) , , 29.0 , , 55.0 , , 10 , , 60 , - ,

barium Barium is a chemical element with the symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in group 2 and is a soft, silvery alkaline earth metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity, barium is never found in nature as a free element. T ...

(Ba) , , 160 , , 625 , , 50 , , 625 , - ,

beryllium Beryllium is a chemical element with the symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is a steel-gray, strong, lightweight and brittle alkaline earth metal. It is a divalent element that occurs naturally only in combination with other elements to for ...

(Be) , , 1.1 , , 30 , , 0.05 , , 15 , - ,

cadmium Cadmium is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, silvery-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it demonstrates oxidation state +2 in most of ...

(Cd) , , 0.8 , , 12 , , 0.4 , , 6 , - ,

chromium Chromium is a chemical element with the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in group 6. It is a steely-grey, lustrous, hard, and brittle transition metal. Chromium metal is valued for its high corrosion resistance and ha ...

(Cr) , , 100.0 , , 380 , , 1 , , 30 , - ,

cobalt Cobalt is a chemical element with the symbol Co and atomic number 27. As with nickel, cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in a chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, ...

(Co) , , 9.0 , , 240 , , 20 , , 100 , - ,

copper Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (from la, cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish- ...

(Cu) , , 36.0 , , 190 , , 15 , , 75 , - ,

nickel Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel is a hard and ductile transition metal. Pure nickel is chemically reactive but large pieces are slow to ...

(Ni) , , 35.0 , , 210 , , 15 , , 75 , - ,

lead Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut, l ...

(Pb) , , 85.0 , , 530 , , 15 , , 75 , - , mercury (Hg) , , 0.3 , , 10.0 , , 0.05 , , 0.3 , - ,

molybdenum Molybdenum is a chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42 which is located in period 5 and group 6. The name is from Neo-Latin ''molybdaenum'', which is based on Ancient Greek ', meaning lead, since its ores were confused with lea ...

(Mo) , , 3.0 , , 200 , , 5 , , 300 , - ,

silver Silver is a chemical element with the symbol Ag (from the Latin ', derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical ...

(Ag) , , - , , 15 , , - , , 40 , - ,

selenium Selenium is a chemical element with the symbol Se and atomic number 34. It is a nonmetal (more rarely considered a metalloid) with properties that are intermediate between the elements above and below in the periodic table, sulfur and tellurium, ...

(Se) , , 0.7 , , 100 , , 0.07 , , 160 , - ,

tellurium Tellurium is a chemical element with the symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur, all three of which are chalcogens. It is occasionally ...

(Te) , , - , , 600 , , - , , 70 , - ,

thallium Thallium is a chemical element with the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. It is a gray post-transition metal that is not found free in nature. When isolated, thallium resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air. Chemists William Crookes an ...

(Tl) , , 1.0 , , 15 , , 2 , , 7 , - ,

tin Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (from la, stannum) and atomic number 50. Tin is a silvery-coloured metal. Tin is soft enough to be cut with little force and a bar of tin can be bent by hand with little effort. When bent, t ...

(Sn) , , - , , 900 , , 2.2 , , 50 , - ,

vanadium Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery-grey, malleable transition metal. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer ( pa ...

(V) , , 42.0 , , 250 , , 1.2 , , 70 , - ,

zinc Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. Zinc is a slightly brittle metal at room temperature and has a shiny-greyish appearance when oxidation is removed. It is the first element in group 12 (IIB) of the periodic t ...

(Zn) , , 140 , , 720 , , 65 , , 800 , - ! colspan=5 , , - ! colspan=5 , II Other inorganic substances , - ,

chloride The chloride ion is the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−. It is formed when the element chlorine (a halogen) gains an electron or when a compound such as hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water or other polar solvents. Chloride salts ...

, , - , , - , , 100 mg/L , , - , - ,

cyanide Cyanide is a naturally occurring, rapidly acting, toxic chemical that can exist in many different forms. In chemistry, a cyanide () is a chemical compound that contains a functional group. This group, known as the cyano group, consists of ...

- free , , - , , 20 , , 5 , , 1,500 , - , cyanide - complex , , - , , 50 , , 10 , , 1,500 , - ,

thiocyanate Thiocyanate (also known as rhodanide) is the anion . It is the conjugate base of thiocyanic acid. Common derivatives include the colourless salts potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate. Mercury(II) thiocyanate was formerly used in ...

, , - , , 20 , , - , , 1,500 , - ! colspan=5 , , - ! colspan=5 , III

aromatic compound Aromatic compounds, also known as "mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons", are organic compounds containing one or more aromatic rings. The parent member of aromatic compounds is benzene. The word "aromatic" originates from the past grouping ...

s , - ,

benzene Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen a ...

, , - , , 1.1 , , 0.2 , , 30 , - ,

ethylbenzene Ethylbenzene is an organic compound with the formula . It is a highly flammable, colorless liquid with an odor similar to that of gasoline. This monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is important in the petrochemical industry as an reaction intermedi ...

, , - , , 110 , , 4 , , 150 , - ,

toluene Toluene (), also known as toluol (), is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with the smell associated with paint thinners. It is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, consisting of a methyl group (CH3) ...

, , - , , 320 , , 7 , , 1,000 , - ,

xylene In organic chemistry, xylene or xylol (; IUPAC name: dimethylbenzene) are any of three organic compounds with the formula . They are derived from the substitution of two hydrogen atoms with methyl groups in a benzene ring; which hydrogens are ...

s (sum) , , - , , 17 , , 0.2 , , 70 , - ,

styrene Styrene () is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH=CH2. This derivative of benzene is a colorless oily liquid, although aged samples can appear yellowish. The compound evaporates easily and has a sweet smell, although high con ...

(vinylbenzene) , , - , , 86 , , 6 , , 300 , - ,

phenol Phenol (also called carbolic acid) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula . It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group () bonded to a hydroxy group (). Mildly acidic, it re ...

, , - , , 14 , , 0.2 , , 2,000 , - ,

cresol Cresols (also hydroxytoluene or cresylic acid) are a group of aromatic organic compounds. They are widely-occurring phenols (sometimes called ''phenolics'') which may be either natural or manufactured. They are also categorized as methyl phen ...

s (sum) , , - , , 13 , , 0.2 , , 200 , - ! colspan=5 , , - ! colspan=5 , IV

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple aromatic rings. The simplest representative is naphthalene, having two aromatic rings and the three-ring compounds anthracene and phenanthrene. ...

(PAH) , - , PAH (sum of 10) , , - , , 40 , , - , , - , - ,

naphthalene Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula . It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aroma ...

, , - , , - , , 0.01 , , 70 , - ,

phenanthrene Phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with formula C14H10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a colorless, crystal-like solid, but can also appear yellow. Phenanthrene is used to make dyes, plastics and pesticides, e ...

, , - , , - , , 0.003 , , 5 , - ,

anthracene Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of formula C14H10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal tar. Anthracene is used in the production of the red dye alizarin and other dyes. Anthracene is colo ...

, , - , , - , , 0.0007 , , 5 , - , fluoranthene , , - , , - , , 0.003 , , 1 , - , chrysene , , - , , - , , 0.003 , , 0.2 , - ,

benz(a)anthracene Benz 'a''nthracene or benzo 'a''nthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C18H12. It is produced during incomplete combustion of organic matter. Benz 'a''nthracene is one of carcinogenic constituents of tobacco sm ...

, , - , , - , , 0.0001 , , 0.5 , - ,

benzo(a)pyrene Benzo 'a''yrene (B''a''P or B ) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the result of incomplete combustion of organic matter at temperatures between and . The ubiquitous compound can be found in coal tar, tobacco smoke and many foods, esp ...

, , - , , - , , 0.0005 , , 0.05 , - , benzo(k)fluoroanthene , , - , , - , , 0.0004 , , 0.05 , - , indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene , , - , , - , , 0.0004 , , 0.05 , - , benzo(ghi)perylene , , - , , - , , 0.0003 , , 0.05 , - ! colspan=5 , , - ! colspan=5 , V chlorinated

hydrocarbon In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons are examples of group 14 hydrides. Hydrocarbons are generally colourless and hydrophobic, and their odors are usually weak ...

s , - ! colspan=5 , a. (volatile) hydrocarbons , - , monochloroethene (vinyl chloride) , , - , , 0.1 , , 0.01 , , 5 , - ,

dichloromethane Dichloromethane (DCM or methylene chloride, methylene bichloride) is an organochlorine compound with the formula . This colorless, volatile liquid with a chloroform-like, sweet odour is widely used as a solvent. Although it is not miscible wit ...

, , - , , 3.9 , , 0.01 , , 1,000 , - , 1,1-dichloroethane , , - , , 15 , , 7 , , 900 , - ,

1,2-dichloroethane The chemical compound 1,2-dichloroethane, commonly known as ethylene dichloride (EDC), is a chlorinated hydrocarbon. It is a colourless liquid with a chloroform-like odour. The most common use of 1,2-dichloroethane is in the production of vinyl ...

, , - , , 6.4 , , 7 , , 400 , - , 1,1-dichloroethene , , - , , 0.3 , , 0.01 , , 10 , - ,

1,2-dichloroethene 1,2-Dichloroethene, commonly called 1,2-dichloroethylene or 1,2-DCE, is the name for a pair of organochlorine compounds with the molecular formula CHCl. They are both colorless liquids with a sweet odor. It can exist as either of two geometri ...

( sum) , , - , , 1 , , 0.01 , , 20 , - , dichloropropanes (sum) , , - , , 2 , , 0.8 , , 80 , - , trichloromethane (chloroform) , , - , , 5.6 , , 6 , , 400 , - , 1,1,1-trichloroethane , , - , , 15 , , 0.01 , , 300 , - , 1,1,2-trichloroethane , , - , , 10 , , 0.01 , , 130 , - ,

trichloroethene The chemical compound trichloroethylene is a halocarbon commonly used as an industrial solvent. It is a clear, colourless non-flammable liquid with a chloroform-like sweet smell. It should not be confused with the similar 1,1,1-trichloroethane, ...

(Tri) , , 2.5 , , 24 , , 500 , - ,

tetrachloromethane Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (such as tetrachloromethane, also recognised by the IUPAC, carbon tet in the cleaning industry, Halon-104 in firefighting, and Refrigerant-10 in HVACR) is an organic compound with the chem ...

(Tetra) , , - , , 0.7 , , 0.01 , , 10 , - ,

tetrachloroethene Tetrachloroethylene, also known under the systematic name tetrachloroethene, or perchloroethylene, and many other names (and abbreviations such as "perc" or "PERC", and "PCE"), is a chlorocarbon with the formula Cl2C=CCl2 . It is a colorless liq ...

(Per) , , - , , 8.8 , , 0.01 , , 40 , - ! colspan=5 , b. chlorobenzenes , - , monochlorobenzene , , - , , 15 , , 7 , , 180 , - , dichlorobenzenes (sum) , , - , , 19 , , 3 , , 50 , - , trichlorobenzenes (sum) , , - , , 11 , , 0.01 , , 10 , - , tetrachlorobenzenes (sum) , , - , , 2.2 , , 0.01 , , 2.5 , - , pentachlorobenzene , , - , , 6.7 , , 0.003 , , 1 , - , hexachlorobenzene , , - , , 2.0 , , 0.00009 , , 0.5 , - ! colspan=5 , c. chlorophenols , - ,

monochlorophenol The monochlorophenols are chemical compounds consisting of phenol substituted with a chlorine atom. There are three isomers, 2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, and 4-chlorophenol. See also * Chlorophenol * Monobromophenol References {{reflis ...

s (sum) , , - , , 5.4 , , 0.3 , , 100 , - ,

dichlorophenol Dichlorophenols (DCPs) are any of several chemical compounds which are derivatives of phenol containing two chlorine atoms. There are six isomers: * 2,3-Dichlorophenol * 2,4-Dichlorophenol * 2,5-Dichlorophenol * 2,6-Dichlorophenol * 3,4-D ...

s (sum) , , - , , 22 , , 0.2 , , 30 , - ,

trichlorophenol A trichlorophenol is any organochloride of phenol that contains three covalently bonded chlorine atoms. Trichlorophenols are produced by electrophilic halogenation of phenol with chlorine. Different isomers of trichlorophenol exist according to ...

s (sum) , , - , , 22 , , 0.03 , , 10 , - , tetrachlorphenols (sum) , , - , , 21 , , 0.1 , , 10 , - ,

pentachlorophenol Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an organochlorine compound used as a pesticide and a disinfectant. First produced in the 1930s, it is marketed under many trade names. It can be found as pure PCP, or as the sodium salt of PCP, the latter of which diss ...

, , - , , 12 , , 0.04 , , 3 , - ! colspan=5 , d.

polychlorinated biphenyl Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are highly carcinogenic chemical compounds, formerly used in industrial and consumer products, whose production was banned in the United States by the Toxic Substances Control Act in 1979 and internationally b ...

s (PCBs) , - , polychlorinated biphenyl (sum 7) , , - , , 1 , , 0.01 , , 0.01 , - ! colspan=5 , e. other chlorinated hydrocarbons , - , monochloro

aniline Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6 H5 NH2. Consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group, aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. It is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starti ...

s (sum) , , - , , 50 , , - , , 30 , - ,

dioxin Dioxin may refer to: * 1,2-Dioxin or 1,4-Dioxin, two unsaturated heterocyclic 6-membered rings where two carbon atoms have been replaced by oxygen atoms, giving the molecular formula C4H4O2 * Dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, the parent compound also known ...

(sum I-TEQ) , , - , , 0.00018 , , - , , N/A , - , chloronaphthalene (sum) , , - , , 23 , , - , , 6 , - ! colspan=5 , , - ! colspan=5 , VI

pesticide Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests. This includes herbicide, insecticide, nematicide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, microbicide, fungicide, and lam ...

s , - ! colspan=5 , a. organochlorine pesticides , - ,

chlordane Chlordane, or chlordan, is an organochlorine compound that was used as a pesticide. It is a white solid. In the United States, chlordane was used for termite-treatment of approximately 30 million homes until it was banned in 1988. Chlordane was ...

(sum) , , - , , 4 , , 0.02 ng/L , , 0.2 , - ,

DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, commonly known as DDT, is a colorless, tasteless, and almost odorless crystalline chemical compound, an organochloride. Originally developed as an insecticide, it became infamous for its environmental impacts. ...

(sum) , , - , , 1.7 , , - , , - , - , DDE (sum) , , - , , 2.3 , , - , , - , - , DDD (sum) , , - , , 34 , , - , , - , - ,

/ DDE/ DDD (sum) , , - , , - , , 0.004 ng/L , , 0.01 , - , aldrin , , - , , 0.32 , , 0.009 ng/L , , - , - , dieldrin , , - , , - , , 0.1 ng/L , , - , - , endrin , , - , , - , , 0.04 ng/L , , - , - , drins (sum) , , - , , 4 , , - , , 0.1 , - , α-

endosulfan Endosulfan is an off-patent organochlorine insecticide and acaricide that is being phased out globally. It became a highly controversial agrichemical due to its acute toxicity, potential for bioaccumulation, and role as an endocrine disruptor. Be ...

, , - , , 4 , , 0.2 ng/L , , 5 , - , α-HCH , , - , , 17 , , 33 ng/L , , - , - , β-HCH , , - , , 1.6 , , 8 ng/L , , - , - , γ-HCH (

Lindane Lindane, also known as ''gamma''-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), gammaxene, Gammallin and benzene hexachloride (BHC), is an organochlorine chemical and an isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane that has been used both as an agricultural insecticide an ...

) , , - , , 1.2 , , 9 ng/L , , - , - , HCH-compounds (sum) , , - , , - , , 0.05 , , - , - ,

heptachlor Heptachlor is an organochlorine compound that was used as an insecticide. Usually sold as a white or tan powder, heptachlor is one of the cyclodiene insecticides. In 1962, Rachel Carson's ''Silent Spring'' questioned the safety of heptachlor and ...

, , - , , 4 , , 0.005 ng/L , , 0.3 , - , heptachlor-epoxide (sum) , , - , , 4 , , 0.005 ng/L , , 3 , - ! colspan=5 , b. organophosphorus pesticides , - , none , , , , , , , , , - ! colspan=5 , c. organotin pesticides , - , organotin compounds (sum) , , - , , 2.5 , , 0.05 - 16 ng/L , , 0.7 , - ! colspan=5 , d. chlorophenoxy-acetic acid

herbicide Herbicides (, ), also commonly known as weedkillers, are substances used to control undesired plants, also known as weeds.EPA. February 201Pesticides Industry. Sales and Usage 2006 and 2007: Market Estimates. Summary in press releasMain page fo ...

s , - ,

MCPA MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) is a powerful, selective, widely used phenoxy herbicide. The pure compound is a brown-colored powder. MCPA has been extensively used in agriculture to control broad-leaf weeds as a growth regulator prim ...

, , - , , 4 , , 0.02 , , 50 , - ! colspan=5 , e. other pesticides , - ,

atrazine Atrazine is a chlorinated herbicide of the triazine class. It is used to prevent pre-emergence broadleaf weeds in crops such as maize (corn), soybean and sugarcane and on turf, such as golf courses and residential lawns. Atrazine's primary manuf ...

, , - , , 7.1 , , 29 ng/L , , 150 , - , carbaryl , , - , , 0.45 , , 2 ng/L , , 50 , - , carbofuran , , - , , 0.017 , , 9 ng/L , , 100 , - ! colspan=5 , , - ! colspan=5 , VII Other substancesAnnex 1, Table 1, Section 7 , - ,

asbestos Asbestos () is a naturally occurring fibrous silicate mineral. There are six types, all of which are composed of long and thin fibrous crystals, each fibre being composed of many microscopic "fibrils" that can be released into the atmosphere ...

, , - , , 100 , , - , , - , - ,

cyclohexanone Cyclohexanone is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)5CO. The molecule consists of six-carbon cyclic molecule with a ketone functional group. This colorless oily liquid has an odor reminiscent of acetone. Over time, samples of cyclohex ...

, , - , , 150 , , 0.5 , , 15,000 , - , dimethyl phthalate , , - , , 82 , , - , , - , - , diethyl phthalate , , - , , 53 , , - , , - , - ,

diisobutyl phthalate Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) is prepared by esterification process of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride. Its structural formula is C6H4(COOCH2CH(CH3)2)2. DIBP is an odorless plasticizer and has excellent heat and light stability. It is the lowes ...

, , - , , 17 , , - , , - , - ,

dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is an organic compound which is commonly used as a plasticizer because of its low toxicity and wide liquid range. With the chemical formula C6H4(CO2C4H9)2, it is a colorless oil, although commercial samples are often yel ...

, , - , , 36 , , - , , - , - ,

butyl benzyl phthalate Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) is an organic compound historically used a plasticizer, but which has now been largely phased out due to health concerns. It is a phthalate ester of containing benzyl alcohol, and ''n''-butanol tail groups. Like mo ...

, , - , , 48 , , - , , - , - , dihexyl phthalate , , - , , 220 , , - , , - , - , di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate , , - , , 60 , , - , , - , - ,

phthalate Phthalates (, ), or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid. They are mainly used as plasticizers, i.e., substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity. They are used primarily to soft ...

s (sum) , , - , , - , , 0.5 , , 5 , - ,

mineral oil Mineral oil is any of various colorless, odorless, light mixtures of higher alkanes from a mineral source, particularly a distillate of petroleum, as distinct from usually edible vegetable oils. The name 'mineral oil' by itself is imprecise, ...

, , - , , 5,000 , , 50 , , 600 , - ,

pyridine Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula . It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a highly flammable, weakly alkaline, water-miscible liquid with ...

, , - , , 11 , , 0.5 , , 30 , - ,

tetrahydrofuran Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4O. The compound is classified as heterocyclic compound, specifically a cyclic ether. It is a colorless, water- miscible organic liquid with low viscosity. It is m ...

, , - , , 7 , , 0.5 , , 300 , - ,

tetrahydrothiophene Tetrahydrothiophene is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH2)4S. The molecule consists of a five-membered saturated ring with four methylene groups and a sulfur atom. It is the saturated analog of thiophene. It is a volatile, colorles ...

, , - , , 8.8 , , 0.5 , , 5,000 , - ,

tetrabromomethane Tetrabromomethane, CBr4, also known as carbon tetrabromide, is a carbon bromide. Both names are acceptable under IUPAC nomenclature. Physical properties Tetrabromomethane has two polymorphs: crystalline II or β below 46.9 °C (320.0 ...

(bromoform) , , - , , 75 , , - , , 630

References

Environment of the Netherlands Environmental standards Pollution