Dunedin North (previously known as North Dunedin) is a former New Zealand parliamentary
electorate
Electorate may refer to:
* The people who are eligible to vote in an election, especially their number e.g. the term ''size of (the) electorate''
* The dominion of a Prince-elector in the Holy Roman Empire until 1806
* An electoral district
An ...
, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the
New Zealand House of Representatives
The House of Representatives is the sole chamber of the New Zealand Parliament. The House passes Law of New Zealand, laws, provides Ministers of the New Zealand Government, ministers to form Cabinet of New Zealand, Cabinet, and supervises the ...
. It was established for the 1905 election and has existed since. It was last held by
David Clark of the
New Zealand Labour Party
The New Zealand Labour Party ( mi, Rōpū Reipa o Aotearoa), or simply Labour (), is a centre-left political party in New Zealand. The party's platform programme describes its founding principle as democratic socialism, while observers descr ...
, who replaced the long-standing representative
Pete Hodgson
Peter Colin Hodgson (born 13 June 1950) is a former New Zealand politician of the Labour Party and Member of Parliament for Dunedin North from 1990 to 2011.
Early life
Hodgson was born in Whangarei, and received a Bachelor's degree in veter ...
. It was considered a safe Labour seat, with Labour holding the seat for all but one term (1975–1978) since . In the 2020 electoral boundary review,
Otago Peninsula
The Otago Peninsula ( mi, Muaūpoko) is a long, hilly indented finger of land that forms the easternmost part of Dunedin, New Zealand. Volcanic in origin, it forms one wall of the eroded valley that now forms Otago Harbour. The peninsula lies sou ...
(previously in the
Dunedin South
Dunedin South is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It first existed from 1881 to 1890, and subsequently from 1905 to 1946. In 1996, the electorate was re-established for the introduction of MMP, before being abolished in 2020.
Po ...
electorate) was added to the area to address a population quota shortfall; with this change the electorate was succeeded by the electorate in the .
Population centres
Through the City Single Electorates Act, 1903, the three-member electorates of the four main centres were split again, and this became effective at the end of the
15th Parliament and was thus used for the . The electorate was split into the , Dunedin North, and electorates.
Due to World War II, the 1941 census was postponed. The next
census was brought forward to 1945 so that the significant changes in population since the
1936 census could be taken into consideration in a 1946 electoral redistribution prior to the scheduled
1946 general election. At the same time, the
Labour government abolished the
country quota
The country quota was a part of the New Zealand electoral system from 1881 until 1945, when it was abolished by the First Labour Government. Its effect was to make urbanUrban electorate were those that contained cities or boroughs of over 2000 pe ...
. The electoral redistribution changed all 76 electorates. When the draft electoral redistribution was released for consultation in early April 1946, it was proposed for the Dunedin North electorate to be abolished and most of its area was supposed to go to a re-created electorate. Based on consultation feedback, the Port Chalmers Borough became part of the electorate. With such a geographic change, the proposed name of Chalmers electorate was no longer viable and the name changed to North Dunedin electorate instead. Apart from the Port Chalmers Borough going to Oamaru, there was little change in geographic area covered when Dunedin North became North Dunedin. In the 1952 electoral redistribution, the Oamaru electorate expanded further inland and its southern boundary moved north, resulting in the area north of Dunedin Harbour all going to North Dunedin. In the 1957 electoral redistribution, North Dunedin became more rural in nature by expanding towards the north (the Oamaru electorate was split between North Dunedin, Otago Central and Waitaki at this point).
The North Dunedin electorate was renamed Dunedin North in the 1962 electoral redistribution prior to the . The character of the electorate changed significantly and it became urban again. In the 1967 electoral redistribution, the North Dunedin electorate moved south, losing the Port Chalmers Borough once more to the re-established Oamaru electorate but gaining area from Dunedin Central. In the 1972 electoral redistribution, Port Chalmers came back to the Dunedin North electorate. There were only minor boundary changes in the 1977 electoral redistribution, but a significant urban shift to the south occurred through the 1983 electoral redistribution, when the Dunedin Central electorate was subsumed by Dunedin North and Dunedin West. There were further boundary changes through the 1987 electoral redistribution.
The 2013 redistribution saw the electorate expand to include
Palmerston Palmerston may refer to:
People
* Christie Palmerston (c. 1851–1897), Australian explorer
* Several prominent people have borne the title of Viscount Palmerston
** Henry Temple, 1st Viscount Palmerston (c. 1673–1757), Irish nobleman an ...
,
Macraes Flat
Macraes, formerly known as Macraes Flat, and known in Māori as Ōtī,Place names'' on Kāti Huirapa Runaka ki Puketeraki website, viewed 2012-01-04 is a town in the Waitaki District in Otago, New Zealand. It is known as a mining town, with a l ...
,
Moeraki
Moeraki is a small fishing village on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. It was once the location of a whaling station. In the 1870s, local interests believed it could become the main port for the north Otago area and a railwa ...
,
Hampden and
Herbert
Herbert may refer to:
People Individuals
* Herbert (musician), a pseudonym of Matthew Herbert
Name
* Herbert (given name)
* Herbert (surname)
Places Antarctica
* Herbert Mountains, Coats Land
* Herbert Sound, Graham Land
Australia
* Herbert ...
-
Waianakarua
The small town of Herbert, formerly Otepopo, lies in North Otago, New Zealand, north of Dunedin and south-west of Oamaru. It lies on the edge of the Herbert Forest.
Herbert consists of a group of houses and three churches clustered around St ...
. In its final shape from 2014 to 2020, the Dunedin North electorate covered the northern half of the city of
Dunedin
Dunedin ( ; mi, Ōtepoti) is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand (after Christchurch), and the principal city of the Otago region. Its name comes from , the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. Th ...
. It was bordered by
Waitaki in the north,
Dunedin South
Dunedin South is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It first existed from 1881 to 1890, and subsequently from 1905 to 1946. In 1996, the electorate was re-established for the introduction of MMP, before being abolished in 2020.
Po ...
in west, south, and south-east, and the Pacific Ocean in the north-east.
The electorate covered what is the equivalent of the Waikouaiti Coast-Chalmers ward of the Dunedin City Council outside the actual urban area of Dunedin. This included the population centre of
Waikouaiti
Waikouaiti is a small town in East Otago, New Zealand, within the city limits of Dunedin. The town is close to the coast and the mouth of the Waikouaiti River.
Today, Waikouaiti is a retail trade and servicing centre for the surrounding district ...
,
Karitane
The small town of Karitane is located within the limits of the city of Dunedin in New Zealand, 35 kilometres to the north of the city centre.
Set in rolling country near the mouth of the Waikouaiti River, the town is a popular holiday retreat f ...
,
Waitati
Waitati, from the Māori Waitete, is a small seaside settlement in Otago, New Zealand, within the city limits of Dunedin. It is located close to the tidal mudflats of Blueskin Bay, 19 kilometres north of the Dunedin city centre. The small Waitati ...
,
Seacliff
Seacliff comprises a beach, an estate and a harbour. It lies east of North Berwick, East Lothian, Scotland.
History
The beach and estate command a strategic position at the mouth of the Firth of Forth, and control of the area has been conte ...
,
Warrington
Warrington () is a town and unparished area in the borough of the same name in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England, on the banks of the River Mersey. It is east of Liverpool, and west of Manchester. The population in 2019 was estimat ...
,
Port Chalmers
Port Chalmers is a town serving as the main port of the city of Dunedin, New Zealand. Port Chalmers lies ten kilometres inside Otago Harbour, some 15 kilometres northeast of Dunedin's city centre.
History
Early Māori settlement
The origi ...
,
Sawyers Bay
Sawyers Bay is a suburb of the New Zealand city of Dunedin. It is located to the southwest of Port Chalmers in a wide valley on the shore of Mussel Bay, to the northeast of Dunedin city centre.
The suburb, on the western shore of Otago Harbou ...
,
Roseneath, and
Aramoana
Aramoana is a small coastal settlement north of Dunedin on the South Island of New Zealand. The settlement's permanent population in the 2001 Census was 261. Supplementing this are seasonal visitors from the city who occupy cribs. The name '' ...
.
In urban Dunedin it covered most of northern, central and western Dunedin. This included the city centre and the suburbs of
City Rise
City Rise is an inner suburb of the New Zealand city of Dunedin. One of the city's older suburbs, it is, as its name suggests, centred on the slopes which lie close to the city centre, particularly those closest to the city's original heart of ...
,
Pine Hill,
Dunedin North
Dunedin North, also known as North Dunedin, is a major inner suburb of the New Zealand city of Dunedin, located northeast of the city centre. It contains many of the city's major institutions, including the city's university, polytechnic, ma ...
,
North East Valley
North East Valley (sometimes spelt Northeast Valley, and often abbreviated to NEV) is a suburb of the New Zealand city of Dunedin.
Geography
North East Valley sits in the valley of the Lindsay Creek, a tributary of the Water of Leith and on t ...
,
Opoho,
Ravensbourne,
Mornington,
Roslyn,
Maori Hill
Māori Hill is a residential suburb of the New Zealand city of Dunedin. It is located at the northern end of the ridge which runs in a crescent around the central city's western edge, to the northwest of the city centre, immediately above and w ...
,
Leith Valley
Leith Valley is a suburb, valley, and general area of the New Zealand city of Dunedin, located to the northwest of the city centre. To differentiate the name of the valley from that of the suburb, the former is usually referred to as ''the'' Leit ...
,
Kaikorai Valley
Kaikorai Valley is a long broad valley which runs through the west of the New Zealand city of Dunedin, to the west of the city centre. It is the valley of a small stream, the Kaikorai Stream, which runs from northeast to southwest down the l ...
,
Brockville
Brockville, formerly Elizabethtown, is a city in Eastern Ontario, Canada, in the Thousand Islands region. Although it is the seat of the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, it is politically Independent city, independent of the county. It i ...
,
Halfway Bush
Halfway Bush is a suburb of the New Zealand city of Dunedin. It is located to the northwest of the city centre, close to the point at which Taieri Road becomes the winding rural Three Mile Hill Road. It was this road which gave the suburb its n ...
, and
Wakari
Wakari ( ) is a residential suburb of the New Zealand city of Dunedin. It is located to the northwest of the city centre, immediately to the west of the ridge which runs to the west of the city's centre. Wakari lies to the north of the upper re ...
.
Socio-economic make-up
A notable influence on voting patterns in the electorate was the location of the
University of Otago
, image_name = University of Otago Registry Building2.jpg
, image_size =
, caption = University clock tower
, motto = la, Sapere aude
, mottoeng = Dare to be wise
, established = 1869; 152 years ago
, type = Public research collegiate u ...
and
Otago Polytechnic
Otago Polytechnic was a public New Zealand tertiary education institute, centred in Dunedin with additional campuses in Cromwell and Auckland. Otago Polytechnic provided career-focused education and training, offering a range of New Zealand accr ...
in Dunedin North. The electorate has the highest proportion of persons aged 15 to 19 in the country, with 14.1%. It also has the highest proportion of people on a student allowance (8.8%), employed in the education and training industry (11.7%), and employed in the health care and social assistance industry (12.3%).
The Dunedin North electorate has a low rate of enrolment compared to New Zealand as a whole. As of 31 May 2012, 78.4% of the estimate eligible population was enrolled to vote, compared to 92.8% nationally. The figure was brought down by the low number of people aged 18 to 24 enrolled — less than half (47.5%) of the estimated eligible population was enrolled, compared to 75.2% nationally. Enrolments of those aged 25 and over are comparable to the national averages.
History
The first representative was
Alfred Richard Barclay
Alfred Richard Barclay (8 August 1859 – 10 November 1912) was a New Zealand Member of parliament, Member of Parliament for two Dunedin electorates, representing the New Zealand Liberal Party, Liberal Party.
Early life
Barclay was born in Irela ...
, who had previously represented the City of Dunedin electorate. In the , he was defeated by
G. M. Thomson, who served for two parliamentary terms before being defeated.
Barclay was succeeded by
Andrew Walker representing the
United Labour Party in the . The remnants of United Labour formed the
New Zealand Labour Party
The New Zealand Labour Party ( mi, Rōpū Reipa o Aotearoa), or simply Labour (), is a centre-left political party in New Zealand. The party's platform programme describes its founding principle as democratic socialism, while observers descr ...
in 1916 and Walker became the new party's first President. He served for one parliamentary term until the , when he was defeated by the
Independent
Independent or Independents may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups
* Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s
* Independ ...
Edward Kellett. Kellett died during the parliamentary term on 15 May 1922, and this caused the , which was won by
Jim Munro.
Munro was confirmed at the
1922 general election, but was defeated by
Harold Tapley
Harold Livingstone Tapley (25 January 1875 – 21 December 1932) was a New Zealand politician of the Reform Party.
Born in Semaphore, South Australia in 1875, Tapley emigrated to Dunedin in 1893.
He represented Dunedin North in Parliament ...
in the . Munro in turn defeated Tapley at the and then served the electorate until his death on 27 May 1945.
Munro's death caused the , which was won by
Robert Walls
Robert Walls (born 21 July 1950) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented and in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s and 1970s. In a playing career that spanned three decades Robert played a combined 259 games ...
. Walls served the electorate until his death on 6 November 1953. This caused the , which was won by
Ethel McMillan
Ethel Emma McMillan (née Black, 12 May 1904 – 13 August 1987) was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party. She was a Member of Parliament for Dunedin electorates for 22 years, but despite her political seniority, was not appointed a c ...
, who served the electorate until her retirement in 1975.
McMillan was succeeded by
Richard Walls
Richard Francis Walls (9 October 1937 – 30 October 2011) was a New Zealand politician and businessman.
Member of Parliament
Walls was a Member of Parliament for Dunedin North from 1975 to 1978. A member of the National Party, he ...
of the
National Party in the , who held the electorate for one parliamentary term before being defeated by Labour's
Stan Rodger in the . Rodger retired in 1990 and was succeeded by
Pete Hodgson
Peter Colin Hodgson (born 13 June 1950) is a former New Zealand politician of the Labour Party and Member of Parliament for Dunedin North from 1990 to 2011.
Early life
Hodgson was born in Whangarei, and received a Bachelor's degree in veter ...
. Hodgson served the electorate until his retirement in 2011. Hodgson was succeeded by
David Clark in the , when he beat
Michael Woodhouse
Michael Allan Woodhouse (born 1965) is a National member of the New Zealand Parliament.
Early years
Woodhouse was born and raised in South Dunedin, the fifth of nine children. He attended St Patrick's, St Edmund's and St Pauls High School, now ...
. In the , Clark was again successful against Woodhouse and managed to increase his majority.
In the 2019/2020 electoral boundary review, the
Electoral Commission
An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country. The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may be styled an electoral commission, a c ...
added the
Otago Peninsula
The Otago Peninsula ( mi, Muaūpoko) is a long, hilly indented finger of land that forms the easternmost part of Dunedin, New Zealand. Volcanic in origin, it forms one wall of the eroded valley that now forms Otago Harbour. The peninsula lies sou ...
area to the Dunedin North electorate. The electorate's area had to grow as it 5.8% below its population quota, where the maximum allowable quota is capped to 5%. This change in area required the name of the electorate to be changed to .
Members of Parliament
Key
List MPs
Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Dunedin North electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.
Election results
2017 election
2014 election
2011 election
Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 40,356
2008 election
2005 election
2002 election
1999 election
1996 election
1993 election
1990 election
1987 election
1984 election
1981 election
1978 election
1975 election
1972 election
1969 election
1966 election
1963 election
1960 election
1957 election
1954 election
1953 by-election
1951 election
1949 election
1946 election
1945 by-election
1943 election
1935 election
1931 election
1928 election
1922 by-election
1914 election
Table footnotes
Notes
References
*
*
*
*
External links
Dunedin North electorate profile(''Parliamentary Library'')
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunedin North (New Zealand Electorate)
Historical electorates of New Zealand
Politics of Dunedin
1905 establishments in New Zealand
1946 disestablishments in New Zealand
2020 establishments in New Zealand